• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate relationships and gender differences in dietary supplement (DS) and oriental supplement (OS) prevalence as well as anti-doping awareness during training and the game period. Korea National Sport University athletes (343 male and 136 female) participated in this study and completed DS and OS practice and anti-doping awareness questionnaires. Forty-six percent of athletes used DS during the training period, and there was significantly higher DS use in females (53%) compared to males (43%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of athletes used OS, and there was significantly higher OS use in females (35%) than males (26%) (P < 0.05) during the training period. The primary reason of DS use was to supply energy both in males (36%) and females (28%). The main reason for male athletes' OS use was to supply energy (41 %). Meanwhile, the reasons for female athletes' OS use were to supply energy (23%), to maintain health (19%), and to improve recovery ability (20%), which showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). Athletes rated their perceived degree of satisfaction, perceived importance, and beliefs in efficacy of DS and OS use all over 50% during the training period, and no gender differences were detected. In a comparison between athletes educated about anti-doping (at least more than one time) and non-received athletes, DS and OS use during the training period was 2.30 (1.47-3.60) and 1.71 (1.03-2.82), respectively. DS and OS use immediately before the game period was 2.38 (1.50-3.80) and 3.99 (1.20-13.28), respectively.Elite athletes' anti-doping education was highly related to increased DS use during the training period and immediately before the game. Although elite athletes use various DS and OS during the training period and before the game period, doping education for elite athletes is related with DS and OS use during the training period and before the game.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.399-404
• /
• 1996

Liposome내에 효소를 포집시켜서 식품가공공정에 응용하기 위하여 모델 효소로서 Iysozyme을 선택하여 dehydration-rehydration법으로 미세캡술화시킬 때 조제 조건이 포집효율에 미치는 영향을 검토하고 외부 환경 인자의 변화 및 유출 촉진제의 첨가가 liposome 내의 효소의 유출에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. MLV 현탁액을 bath sonicator에서 100 kHz로 2시간 초음파 처리했을 때 1ozyme의 포집효율이 90.9%로 가장 높았다. 초기 효소 첨가량을 증가시킴으로써 단위 지방질당 포집 효소량은 거의 비례적으로 증가하였으나 포집효율은 감소하여 1osozyme 50 mg/100 mg soy lecithin일 때 68% 수준까지 급격히 감소하였으나, 그 이상의 실험농도 범위에서는 매우 완만하였다. 효소를 포집한 liposome은 $37^{\circ}C$, pH 5.9에 저장하였을때에 가장 안정하였고 산성일수록 유출속도는 현저히 증가하였으며 일정한 속도로 지속적으로 유출되었다. Tween 80 1.0%와 흔합했을 때 초기 24시간 동안에는 급격히 유출되었으나 시간이 경과할수록 완만히 유출되어 72시간 경과 후 85%까지 유출되었다. 또한 $Ca^{2+}$ ion을 25-5OmM첨가했을 때 초기 1시간동안 급격히 유출되었으나 그 이후에는 완만히 유출되었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.399-407
• /
• 2021

This study discussed the validity and necessity of compulsory recording of radiographic examination performed by radiological technologist on patients in medical institutions related to radiation exposure. Also, this study provided reasonable evidence of radiographic examination related medical records can contribute to the improvement of public health. Based on overseas cases of implementing a radiographic examination record system, the essential items to be included in medical record are the exposure date, exposure time, exposure method, exposure conditions that is tube voltage, tube current. Name and license number of the radiological technologist who performed the examination should be include in medical record. It is expected that the medical record of the total amount of radiation exposure per year would be in giving the maximum benefit with the minimum exposure to the medical radiation examination of the patient. In addition, interventional radiography medical record should also include exposure time, type and dose of the contrast medium.

• Korean Circulation Journal
• /
• 제54권9호
• /
• pp.577-586
• /
• 2024

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children under age 5 years. Approximately 20-25% of untreated children with KD and 3-5% of those treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy develop coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). The prevalence of CAAs is much higher in male than in female patients with KD, but the underlying factors contributing to susceptibility to CAAs in patients with KD remain unclear. This study aimed to identify sex-specific susceptibility loci associated with CAAs in KD patients. Methods: A sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using previously obtained GWAS data from 296 KD patients and a new replication study in an independent set of 976 KD patients by comparing KD patients without CAA (controls) and KD patients with aneurysms (internal diameter ≥5 mm) (cases). Results: Six male-specific susceptibility loci, PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ (odds ratios [ORs], 2.25-9.98; p=0.00204-1.96×10^-6), and 2 female-specific susceptibility loci, SMAD3 (OR, 4.59; p=0.00016) and IL1RAPL1 (OR, 4.35; p=0.00026), were significantly associated with CAAs in patients with KD. In addition, the numbers of CAA risk alleles additively contributed to the development of CAAs in patients with KD. Conclusions: A sex-stratified GWAS identified 6 male-specific (PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ) and 2 female-specific (SMAD3 and IL1RAPL1) CAA susceptibility loci in patients with KD.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제8권12호
• /
• pp.322-333
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 500병상 규모의 병원에서 PACS 도입 시 준비 작업 및 제안서에 포함 되어야 할 항목과 의료장비 도입 전 검토조서의 제시로 장비 도입 전 수익성 및 운용 부서에서 계획서에 제시 된 예상수익을 근거로 하여 장비의 이용도와 수익성을 조사하여 고가의료장비의 구입 원가, 이용도 등을 분석하였다. 연구대상 병원에서 PACS 도입 시 수가로 인하여 수익이 발생되는 것으로 나타났고, 의료장비 구입 방법은 임차 방식으로 기간은 3년에서 5년으로 나타났으며, 수익은 2년 정도이면 투자비용을 상회하여 수익이 발생 될 것으로 예상되었다. 병원의 PACS를 도입 운영에 있어서 의료장비 구매 금액은 영상의학과의 운영에서 발생되는 수익을 근거로 할 때 투자비용은 약 1.9년 정도이면 투자금액을 회수 할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었으며, 영상의학과의 재촬영 검사의 감소와 필름 및 현상 정착액을 구입하지 않아 운영비를 절감할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 실질적인 수익 증가 외에도 병원 마케팅 차원에서 병원의 위상 향상, 직원들의 업무절감 등에 의한 업무 환경개선 또는 업무 스트레스 감소 등 병원 직원의 업무 만족도 증가로 인한 병원의 서비스 향상에도 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과 병원규모에서 PACS 도입 시 의료장비의 예상 수익을 작성하고 진료업무의 기여도 및 구매 후에도 수익 등을 비교 분석하여 의료장비 도입 전 제안서 작성과 도입 후 효율적인 장비 운영 계획을 수립해야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2017

도시철도 차량의 운행은 터널 공기를 오염시키는 주된 원인이므로, 마모입자를 제거하는데 집진장치가 유용한 수단이 될 수 있다. 차량의 하부에 장착될 수 있는 집진장치의 설계조건을 파악하기 위하여 3차원 초음파 풍속계와 입자측정기를 사용하여 차량 하부의 풍속과 입자농도를 조사하였다. 2015년 2월 10일 수도권 지하철 5호선에서 운행되는 차량을 대상으로 측정하였다. 측정자료는 역 사이 노선의 형상(직선, 곡선)과 차량 속도패턴(가속, 정속 및 감속)을 구분하여 분석하였다. 차량속도도 함께 분석하였다. 직선 및 곡선 구간 모두 차량 하부의 평균 풍속은 차량속도의 약 30%이었고, 미세먼지($PM_{10}$) 농도는 약 $200{\mu}g/m^3$이었다. 감속구간에서 평균 $PM_{10}$ 농도는 가속구간에 비해 더 높았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of leachate discharged from livestock burial sites in Gangwondo resulting from foot-and-mouth disease by monitoring the water quality at the survey tube-wells installed near livestock burial sites in order to investigate the effect of the leachate on the quality of nearby underground water and suggest a water pollution level in accordance with water quality evaluation criteria. Methods: To minimize the secondary environmental pollution damage caused by leachate at burial sites of livestock killed by foot-and-mouth disease, this study analyzed the leachate directly discharged from burial sites and installed survey tube-wells within 300 meters of livestock burial sites and investigated water quality as a means to ascertain the environmental effect of the leachate from the burial sites. In accordance with environmental management guidelines on livestock burial sites, this research investigated the water quality in the survey tube-wells in fifty five burial sites in Gangwondo. The elements investigated were $NH_3$-N, $Cl^-$, $NO_3$-N, conductivity, and E. coli. Water quality was monitored from 2011 to 2013. Results: The water quality from the drain pipe at the location of leachate from livestock burial sites showed BOD 37,209 mg/L, COD 8,829 mg/L, $NH_3$-N 3,633 mg/L, and $Cl^-$ 580 mg/L. According to the monitoring results of water quality ($Cl^-$, $NH_3$-N, conductivity) at the survey tube-wells, there was suspicion that 13 out of 55 burial sites discharged leachate, five sites discharged highly concentrated leachate (13%): one in Gangneung, one in Wonju, and three in Cheorwon. Conclusion: It was judged that out of thirteen observation wells which showed a possibility of discharged leachate, three survey tube-wells have established the discharge effect of leachate at burial sites up to recently. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continue monitoring them and devise additional measures.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제103권3호
• /
• pp.321-338
• /
• 2014

천연기념물 제 432호 제주 상효동의 한란 자생지(39 ha)를 대상으로 2013년 10월부터 2014년 2월까지 생물(식물상, 식생다양성 및 임분 구조) 및 비생물 환경(미기상, 수관열림도, 임내 광량 및 토양 온 습도)의 특성을 분석하였다. 한란 자생지의 일평균온도($5.7^{\circ}C$)는 서귀포시 보다 $3.3^{\circ}C$ 낮았고, 일평균습도(75.8%)는 서귀포시 보다 15% 높았다. 토양 온도는 평균 $16.5^{\circ}C$, 토양습도는 평균 37.3%, 그리고 낙엽층 두께는 평균 4.3 cm이었다. 수관열림도 및 임내 광량의 평균은 각각 15.5%, 및 $8.5mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$ 이었다. 한란 자생지 보호구역 내 관속식물은 총 221 분류군이며, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물로는 한란, 죽백란 및 꼬리족제비고사리 등이 확인되었다. 식생다양성 평가 결과, 구실잣밤나무군락 등 총 6개의 식생단위가 분석되었다. 조사구역의 임분구조는 구실잣밤나무가 가장 높은 밀도(1,777 개체/ha) 및 흉고단면적 ($90.3m^2/ha$)을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.431-436
• /
• 2005

Objectives : We investigated the seroprevalence of the measles antibody and its at tributable factors for the students who underwent routine 2-dose Schedule Era. Methods : The subjects were 996 students of the national measles seroepidemiologic study in December 2000 who had vaccination records. We conducted a questionnaire survey and we performed serologic testing for the measlesspecific IgG by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The coverage for the first dose of the MMR vaccination at 12-15 months of age was 95.1% and the coverage for the second dose of MMR at 4-6 years of age was 35.0%. The proportion of subjects undergoing 2-dosesof MMR dec reased as the age of the subjects increased. The seropositive rate of the measles antibody was significantly high in the second dose vaccinees (93.5% in the second dose group, 84.7% in the non-second dose group, p<0.001) and it was 72.0% in the 0-dose group, 85.4% in the 1-dose group and 93.7% in the 2-dose group (p<0.001). Two point eight percent of the subjects had a past history of measles infection. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, the first and second dose (odds ratio, 8.54; 95% CI.=3.05-23.91), the first dose (odds ratio, 3.06; 95% CI.=1.20-7.81) and the outbreak in the year 2000 (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% CI.=1.24-2.88) were the significant factors for the seropositivity. Conclusions : Maintaining high coverage with a 2-dose vaccination program would be the decisive factor to prevent an outbreak of measles and to eliminate measles in Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.431-441
• /
• 2001

To develop the low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi, kimchi was prepared according to the recipe of a specific ratio of major and minor ingredients and adjusted its salinity to 3.7%. Prepared kimchi fermented at $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and transferred and fermented in a refrigerator only used to make low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi at $-1{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 weeks. During 30 weeks of fermentation the changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties of low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi were studied. The initial pH of 6.47 decrease gradually and dropped to pH 4.0 after 14 weeks of fermentation, and then it maintained at same level. Acidity increased to 0.49% on 2 weeks of fermentation and kept at 0.47 $\sim$0.50% during 2 to 30 weeks fermentation. Salinity was slightly increased at early stage and started to decrease on 4 weeks of fermentation, and then it did not change. The change of reducing sugar content was closely related to the trend of pH change with a very high correlation coefficient(r =0.912). Lactic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and acetic acid were major organic acids contained in low-temperature and long-term fermented kimchi. Vitamin C content decreased at initial stage of fermentation and then slightly increased up to the maximum of 22.3 mg% on 8weeks of fermentation. In color measurement, L value continued to increase during the fermentation and reached at the highest of 55.45 on 22 weeks of fermentation, and a and b values of 3.62 and 4.54 also increased to 31.26 and 37.32 on 30 weeks of fermentation, respectively. Total microbial count increased slowly from beginning and was the highest on 4 weeks of fermentation, and then began to decrease slowly. Count of Lactobacillus spp. was highest after 6weeks, but count of Lactobacillus spp. was highest on 2 weeks of fermentation, and then both showed a slow decrease. Yeast count wasn't increased until 4 weeks of fermentation and then increased rapidly to get the highest on 10 weeks of fermentation.