• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1158-1166
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• 2013

본 논문은 Mobi-Kids 연구의 노출량 평가를 위해 휴대전화 대표 모델에 대해 연구 프로토콜에 따른 SAR 계산방법을 분석하고, 역학조사 대상자가 사용한 휴대전화의 무선주파수 누적 노출량을 평가하는 방법을 제안한다. 휴대전화 대표 모델의 출력을 동일하게 가정하고, 서로 다른 연령의 4개 머리 모델에서의 SAR 분포를 계산하여 데이터베이스를 구축한다. 역학조사 대상자가 사용한 특정 휴대전화 모델의 머리 SAR은 SAR 적합성 시험결과를 활용하여 보정 인자를 적용함으로써 구한다. 그리고 휴대전화 특성과 함께 사용 시간, 좌 우측 비율 같은 대상자의 휴대전화 사용 패턴에 대한 인자를 고려하여 누적 에너지를 산출하게 된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1721-1725
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• 2012

A growth and digestibility study was conducted using Osmanabadi goat male kids by feeding complete diets in the form of mash or expander extruded pellets containing different levels of red gram (Cajanus cajan) straw (RGS). Two iso-nitrogenous complete diets were prepared by incorporating RGS at 35% and 50% levels. Half the quantity of each complete mash feed was then converted into pellets through expander extruder processing. Thirty two kids of 4 to 5 months age were divided into four groups of eight each and were fed for 150 d with four experimental diets (T1: mash with 35% RGS, T2: mash with 50% RGS, T3: pellets with 35% RGS and T4: pellets with 50% RGS). Pelleting of complete diets significantly (p<0.001) increased the voluntary feed intake (671.45 vs 426.28 g/d) at both levels of RGS in the feeds. Average daily gain (ADG, g/d) also increased significantly (p<0.001) from 48.79 in kids fed mash diet to 71.29 in those fed with pelleted diets. Feed conversion efficiency (dry matter (DM) intake: weight gain) was comparable among all the treatment groups. Digestibility of nutrients was not affected by pelleting of the feeds whereas, increasing the level of inclusion of RGS in feeds from 35% to 50% decreased (p<0.05) the digestibility of DM and crude protein (CP) resulting in lower (p<0.001) metabolizable energy (ME) content (MJ/kg DM) in feeds with 50% RGS (7.93 vs 8.75). Daily intake (MJ/kg $BW^{-0.75}$) of ME decreased (p<0.05) in feeds containing 50% RGS while pelleting of feeds increased (p<0.05) the intake of DM, CP, digestible crude protein (DCP) and ME. It is inferred that expander extruder pelleting can efficiently utilize RGS up to 50% level in complete diets for growing goat kids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.842-849
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to produce live offspring from in vitro fertilized goat embryos. Oocytes were collected from abattoir ovaries and kept in oocyte collection medium. Oocytes were washed 4-5 times with maturation medium containing medium-199 with 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ FSH, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ LH, 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ gentamycin, 10% inactivated estrus goat serum, and 3% BSA (fatty acid free). Oocytes were placed in 100 ${\mu}l$ drops of maturation medium containing granulosa cell monolayer and incubated in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 27 h. For capacitation of spermatozoa fresh semen was processed and mixed in 3 ml fertilization TALP medium containing 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ heparin and kept in the above incubator for 2 h. The capacitated spermatozoa were coincubated with matured oocytes for fertilization. Cleaved embryos were separated and cultured in embryo development medium with oviductal cells and 494 embryos were produced. Recipient goats were synchronized with two injections of 15 mg $PGF_{{2}{\alpha}}$/goat 10 days apart. Eighty early stage embryos were transferred into the uterotubal junction of 14 surrogate mothers using laparoscopy techniques. One recipient delivered twin kids, whereas another two recipients each.delivered a single kid The parentage of these kids was evaluated using highly polymorphic co-dominant microsatellites markers. From the present study, it was concluded that live goat kids can be produced from in vitro matured and fertilized goat embryos, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in India.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2010

초등학교 도형 학습에 컴퓨터 프로그램을 활용하면 도형에 대한 다양한 조작 기능을 제공하여 학습의 효과를 높일 수 있으며, 탐구적 환경을 조성함으로써 교실 환경의 한계를 극복할 수 있다. 지금까지의 연구는 컴퓨터 프로그램을 활용한 도구들을 개발하였지만 콘텐츠 없이 도구이다. 본 연구는 Van Hieles의 기하 학습수준이론에 기초하여 초등학교 수학과 교육과정의 도형 영역을 분석하고, 초등학생들의 인지 수준에 적합한 도형 학습 문제 해결 도구(Geometry For Kids : GeoKids)를 개발한다. 학생들의 인지 수준을 고려하여 자와 컴퍼스를 대신할 수 있도록 만들었고, 원과 직선을 마우스를 사용하여 쉽게 그릴 수 있고, 보다 정확한 작도를 위하여 점과 원의 경계를 자동으로 인식하도록 구성하였다. 수학과 교육과정의 도형 학습 주제에 따라 GeoKids의 기능을 연계한 학습을 할 수 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1998

This study is aimed at exploring a reasonable and reliable method of measuring pre-school children's somatotypes and there by, data basing the information obtained and classifying their somatotypes, at providing useful data which can be utilized for the design of their dress forms and enhancing the fitness of their apparels. to this end, 330 pre-school children living in the capital area and aged fro m4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. As the pre-school children grow, the scales indicating their vertical growth including height could well be measured differently, but those scales indicating their lateral somatotypes which reflect their postural changes did not show among age groups. in other words, male kids were higher in the scales including height than female kids, while there were not differences between sexes in most scales indicating their lateral somatotypes. 2. The elements comprising the somatotypes were the size of body skeleton, the thickness of body mass, the posture and shape of body mass, the lateral under-neck shape, the extrusion of belly, the length between front and the back shoulder, the shape of lower belly, the shape of upper hip, the shape of lower hip and the slope of shoulders. Among them, the first two elements accounted for 64.8% of the total distribution, which means that these two elements explain the body-mass somatotypes of kid's most effectively. 3. The sample kids were divided into two types for classification of their somatotypes. As a result, it was found that the elements determining their somatotypes most influentially are, unlike adults' case the size of body skeleton rather than posture or lateral body shape. The type I showed less dimensions in most scales than type II, while their shoulder were les developed,. The type I was found distributed much in 4-year-old female kids. The type II showing more development in each element was found distributed much in 6-year-old male kids.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.859-871
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• 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the usability, quality, and usefulness of the mobile application, CAMBRA-kids, for caries management in preschoolers. Methods: Ninety-one caregivers and preschoolers participated in the user evaluation of CAMBRA-kids. The evaluators assessed the usability, quality, and usefulness of CAMBRA-kids. The collected data were analyzed using R studio 1.2.1335 for Windows (RStudio Inc. 2018, Boston, MA, USA). The evaluations for usability, quality, and usefulness were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: On user evaluation, the quality and usefulness of the application scored >3 points, and majority of the users rated the quality and usefulness of the application as high. The quality of the application's system was the highest at 3.68 points, and the actual usage of the application was the lowest at 3.10 points. The application had the highest technological aspect score of 3.20, whereas the content related to oral health information had the lowest score of 3.10/5. Although the application showed no statistically significant differences in the quality and usefulness according to general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two when compared between the caries risk group. For all items, the protector of the high-risk group evaluated the quality and usefulness of the application highly. The moderate risk group gave the lowest evaluation score for the application's quality and usefulness. The usability score of the application, according to the user version of the mobile application rating scale (uMARS), was 3.25, and the average engagement score was 2.82 (56.31%). The highest subscale score was 3.63. Conclusions: In this study, we found suitable quality, usability, and usefulness of the mobile application, CAMBRA-kids. In future, the use of this application will contribute to the prevention of dental caries among preschoolers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1314-1326
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• 2023

Sheep and goats can efficiently convert low quality forage into high-quality meat which contains specific nutrients and quality traits. Carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat depend upon several factors and one of most effective strategies amongst these is feeding regimens. In this review, the major aspects of feeding regimens affecting growth rate, carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on physical-chemical composition, flavor profile, and fatty acid (FA) profile. Grazing lambs and kids receiving concentrate or under stall-feeding systems had greater average daily gain and carcass yield compared with animals reared on pasture only. However, growth rate was higher in lambs/kids grazing on pastures of improved quality. Moreover, the meat of grazing lambs receiving concentrate had more intense flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and unhealthy FA composition, but comparable color, tenderness, juiciness, and protein content compared to that of lambs grazed on grass only. In contrast, meat of concentrate-fed lambs had more intense color, greater tenderness and juiciness, IMF and protein contents, and lower flavor linked to meat. Additionally, the meat of kids grazed on concentrate supplementation had higher color coordinates, tenderness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, whereas juiciness and flavor protein content were similar. In contrast, kids with concentrate supplementation had superior color coordinates, juiciness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, but lower tenderness and flavor intensity compared to pasture-grazed kids. Thus, indoor-finished or supplemented grazing sheep/goats had higher growth rate and carcass quality, higher IMF content and unhealthy FA composition compared to animals grazed on grass only. Finally, supplementation with concentrate increased flavor intensity in lamb meat, and improved color and tenderness in kid meat, whereas indoor-fed sheep/goats had improved color and juiciness as well as reduced flavor compared to pasture-grazed animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1993

Four isocaloric (68.71, 67.07, 66.68 and 66.25% TDN) and isonitrogenous (12.96, 13.36, 13.36 and 12.96% CP) diets without or with 20, 25 and 30% broiler litter were fed to 20 male kids for 90 days. Weight gain and feed efficiency were higher (p < 0.05) for kids offered control diets as compared to kids fed diets containing broiler litter. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the feed intake with increasing level of broiler litter in the diets. Digestibility for organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of broiler litter in the diets, whereas inclusion of broiler litter depressed (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter and ash. Nitrogen balance was positive for all diets, however, nitrogen retention decreased (p < 0.01) with the increased level of broiler litter. Blood Na, K, Ca, P and urea-N were within normal range.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigated the SLS process to control grain boundary(GB) location in TFT channel region, and it has been found to be applicable for locating the GB at the same location in the channel region of each TFT. We fabricated TFT by applying a new alignment SLS process and compared the TFT characteristics with a normal SLS method and the grain boundary location controlled SLS method. Also, we have analysed degradation phenomena under hot carrier stress conditions for n-type LDD MOSFETs.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2007

A new front plate structure of ac-PDP using fence-type aluminum electrode coated with anodic aluminum oxide was investigated. In this structure, ITO and glass dielectric layer were eliminated and expensive Ag BUS electrode was replaced with aluminum. Test panels were prepared using the new structure and their luminance and discharge characteristics were examined. These results indicate that the new structure provide a new way of cost reduction and enhancement of performance of ac-PDPs