• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권2호통권70호
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• pp.93-113
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• 2007

Objective : To research Trends of studies about anti-inflammation and pain relief, obesity, and safety of herbal acupuncture therapy by analyzing domestic theses, published since 2001, about herbal acupuncture therapy. Methods : Domestic theses, published since 2001, mentioning anti-inflammation or pain relief, obesity, or safety of herbal acupuncture therapy were reviewed and analyzed. These theses were then classified by university, year, and subject. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Among published theses related to anti-inflammation effects of herbal-acupuncture, studies about arthritis comprised the most part, 52. In theses relating to causes of arthritis, 16 were about adjuvant, which was the most, followed by Type II collagen, LPS and carrageenan. Blood test, reactions of inflammation and revelation of cytokine and immune cellswere methods for evaluating anti-inflammation effect. The tendency of experimental methods was to focus on molecular biologic method. 2. In theses related to pain relief, many clinical attempts with herbal injection were carried out, and Carthami Flos and Scolopendrawere used most. Observing reduction of pain inducing factor and checking behavioral change were methods for evaluating pain relief. 3. In theses related to obesity, research focused on effects in association with spots on the body suitable for acupuncture. There were also attempts comparing effectiveness between single injections and complex injections. Astraball Radix, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Coicis Semen and Taeumjowetang were used. Evaluation of anti-obesity effects were by weight loss, food efficiency, blood lipid profile and evaluation of liver function. 4. In theses related to safety of herbal-acupuncture, Herba Chelidonii Chaenonelis Fructus, Clematis Florida Thunb, Corydalidis Tuber, Paeoniae Radix, and Carthami Flos which marked 2 theses each were most studied. Methods of evaluating safety were mostly by observing liver and kidney functions based on blood test, and by applying herbal injections to clinical treatment. Conclusion : Herbal acupuncture is being used in various ways associating with its anti-inflammation, pain relief and anti-obesity effect. Studies on efficacy and mechanism of herbal acupuncture are being conducted even at the molecular biology level.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2010

Objectives : We investigated the effects of Sopungsungj-won(Shufengshunqjvuan) (SSEx1, SSEx2) on the metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Methods: 8 weeks old, high fat diet induced obese male mice were divided into 4 groups: C57BL/6 lean control, obese vehicle control, SSEx1, SSEx2. After mice were treated with SSExl, SSEx2 for 12 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin, insulin, glucose and lipid levels. We also observe the morphology and count for the numbers of Adipocyte and evaluate the weight of organs and it's function. Results: 1. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEx1 gained significantly lower body weight and showed lower Feeding Efficiency Ratio. 2. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEx1 showed lower weights of epididymal adipose tissue, troperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue. SSEx2 showed higher weights of epididymal adipose tissue, troperitoneal adipose tissue, inguinal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue. 3. Compared to Obese Control Group, the size of adipocytes was significantly decreased by SSEx1, whereas the number of adipocites per unit was significantly increased. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased significantly by SSEx1. 4. Concerning the weights of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Kidney and Pancreas, SSEx1, SSEx2 showed little differences with those of Lean Control, Obese Control. 5. Compared to Obese Control Group, SSEX1, SSEx2 showed lower level of plasma triglyceride, but SSEx1 had significance only. SSEx1, SSEx2 showed little lower level of plasma HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, but had no significances. 6. Concerning the levels of plasma glucose, insulin and leptin, SSEx1 and SSEx2 showed littele changes with those of Lean Control, Obese Control. 7. The leves of Plasma AST, AST, ALT, free fatty acid, BUN, creatinine were in the physiological range at 4 groups all: Lean Control, Obese Control, SSEx1, SSEx2. Conclusions : These results showed SSEx1 can be used as therapeutic agent for Obesity and metabolic syndrome caused by long-period high fat diet.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.516-527
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• 2008

Sounds and music have been used in various ways in the East and the West, as it is well known that they influence the human mind and health a lot. Recently, there have been many studies regarding the remedy through sounds and music in the West and they have made good effects in the actual therapy. In the East, people knew that sounds and music would make great effects on human mind long time ago and they placed importance on sounds and music. Although there is a Sound Therapy in Oriental Medicine, it is not studied sufficiently in modern Oriental Medicine. It does not have clear standards for the clinical application and has not been frequently used. Accordingly, Yukjagyeol which has long been used in Korean Medicine and Younggamudo which was made by Kim Il-bu in late Chosun were compared from the perspective of acoustics and demonstrative treatment theory of Korean Medicine. Younggamudo by Kim il-bu allot the five sounds such as 'Eum, Ah, Eo, Ih and Uh' to 'spleen, lung, liver, heart and kidney' respectively. As the five sounds are all vowels and vibrate the vocal band as much as possible, they vibrate and resonant the respective organs to help them to function and promote circulation. In oriental medicine, there is 'Singing and Dancing Treatment'. They say songs and dances nurtures personality, supplement blood stream and comfort the mind. As the five sounds of Younggamudo take the melody while vibrating the vocal band sufficiently, when it passes from Youngto Ga(Songs) we may dance moving our bodies according to the rhythm. Therefore Gongbeop of Younggamudo helps the functionality of human organs and promotes blood circulation. As Yukjagyeol is Sabeop(discharging method), it should be used for those who have surplus Sagi and should not use for Heojeung. As Younggamudo is Bobeop(supplementing method), it is not for Shiljeung but for Heojeung which lacks of Jeonggi. It is considered that healthy people without specific disease can use it as a preventive method of 'Chimijeong' to maintain their physical and mental health. It is considered that we can have useful effects if we apply Yukjagyeol and Younggamudo dialectically with the concept of Bosa. It is considered that concrete application to Sound Gigong can be possible by searching for the methodology for empirical further study and clinical experiments and clinical application in the future.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

목적: 만성 신질환 진행의 위험 요소 중 하나인 소아 요로감염에서 Cystatin C의 관련성에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없으며, 본 연구는 소아 요로감염에서 혈청 Cystatin C 측정의 임상적 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2012년 6월부터 2014년 5월까지 요로감염으로 입원한 소아 137명을 대상으로 하였다. 신결손 유무에 따라 비 신결손군과 신결손군으로 나누어 각 군에서 혈청 Cystatin C를 포함한 다른 변수들의 평균치를 비교분석 하였으며, Cystatin C와 혈청 및 임상 변수들간의 상관분석을 시행하였고, 입원 당시와 치료 후 혈청 Cystatin C의 변화를 분석하였다. 결과: 비 신결손군과 신결손 군에서 혈청 Cystatin C는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈청 Cystatin C는 연령이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였고(P<0.05), 혈청 크레아티닌과는 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며(P<0.05), 이외의 변수들과는 상관성이 없었다. 항생제 투여 4-5일 후 재시행한 혈청 Cystatin C는 입원 당시에 비하여 치료 후 비 신결손군과 신결손 군에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.001). 결론: 혈청 Cystatin C는 소아 요로감염에서 신결손 유무를 감별하는 데 있어 유용하지 않을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 혈청 Cystatin C가 소아 요로감염에서 신기능의 저하를 예견하고 지속적인 추적관찰을 하는 데 유용할 수 있을지에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

목적 : 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증은 치료에 잘 반응하지 않고, 장기적 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 스테로이드 충격 요법 후 괄목할만한 관해율의 향상을 보였으나 다시 스테로이드 저항성을 보이거나 스테로이드 의존성을 보인 환자 4명을 대상으로 혈장반출법, 스테로이드 충격 요법 및 immunoglobulin 병행치료의 효과를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 3월부터 2002년 7월까지 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증이 확진된 환자중 스테로이드 충격 요법을 시행 후 스테로이드 의존성 혹은 저항성을 보였던 4명의 환자를 대상으로 총 8회의 혈장 반출법을 시행하고 후향적 방법으로 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 결과 : 총 4명의 환자 중 남자는 3명, 여자는 1명이었다. 4명의 환자에서 총 8회의 혈장반출법을 시행하여 모두 관해가 왔으며 이중 두 명의 환자에서 두 번씩의 재발이 있어 각각 2회씩의 혈장 반출법을 다시 시행하여 2명 모두 관해가 왔으나 한 명에서는 이후 2회의 재발이 있어 경구 스테로이드를 투여하여 관해를 보였다. 이들 환자들은 발병 이후 현재까지 3명의 환자에서는 10년 이상, 한 명의 환자는 5개월간 추적 관찰중으로 혈중 크레아티닌과 사구체 여과율은 정상을 유지하고 있다. 결론 : 스테로이드 의존성 또는 저항성 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증 환자를 대상으로 혈장 반출법, 스테로이드 충격 요법 및 immunoglobulin의 병행 치료는 완전 관해를 이루고, 정상 신장 기능을 유지하는데 효과가 있다고 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Recently several studies reported that the renal toxicity of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may exist in even a low level exposure. In terms of the deterioration of tubular function, it affects the loss of divalent metals and leads to other complications, so renal tubular effect of heavy metals should be well managed. Considering the exposure to heavy metals in reality, it is hard to find the case that human is exposed to only one heavy metal. We designed a cross-sectional study using Korean Research Project on the Integrated Exposure Assessment (KRIEFS) data to investigate the renal effects of multiple metal exposure in general population. We used blood Pb and urinary Cd as exposure measures, and urinary N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and ${\beta}_2$-microglobulin (${\beta}_2$-MG) as renal tubular impairment outcome. We conducted linear regression to identify the association between each heavy metal and urinary NAG and ${\beta}_2$-MG. And then, we conducted linear regression including the interaction term. Of 1953 adults in KRIEFS (2010~2011), the geometric mean of blood Pb and urinary Cd concentration was $2.21{\mu}g/dL$ (geometric $SD=1.49{\mu}g/dL$) and $1.08{\mu}g/g\;cr$ (geometric $SD=1.98{\mu}g/g\;cr$), respectively. In urinary Cd, the strength of the association was also high after adjusting (urinary NAG: ${\beta}=0.44$, p < 0.001; urinary ${\beta}_2$-MG: ${\beta}=0.13$, p = 0.002). Finally, we identified the positive interactions for the two renal biomarkers. The interaction effect of the two heavy metals of ${\beta}_2$-MG was greater than that of NAG. It is very important in public health perspective if the low level exposure to multiple heavy metals has an interaction effect on kidney. More epidemiological studies for the interaction and toxicological studies on the mechanism are needed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Pulmonary function is the determinant of blood gas tension. However, Acid-Base disturbances can also alter partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. During respiratory acidosis $PO_2$ will be lowered and reverse changes will be produced during respiratory alkalosis. On the other hand, in metabolic acidosis $PO_2$ will be elevated and $PCO_2$ will be lowered by the respiratory compensation, and reverse response will be induced in metabolic alkalosis. Urinary gas tension has many influencing factors than arterial blood and difficult to estimate the tendency of its alterations. Urinary $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ are not always identical level as venous blood. It is to be altered by blood gas tension, flow rate of urine, metabolic rate of kidney, and Acid-Base status of blood. Particularly countercurrent exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the renal medulla will make larger alteration of gas tension than venous blood. After induction of Acid-Base disturbances [disturbances] arterial and urinary $PCO_2$, $PO_2$, urinary volume, and osmolarity were determined in dogs, and the relationships between arterial and urinary $PCO_2$ , $PO_2$ Acid-Base disturbances, urinary volume, and osmolarity were investigated. 1. During the acute Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances urinary pH did not respond on respiratory origin. However, there were immediate urinary response in pH on metabolic origin. 2. Urinary $PO_2$, $PCO_2$, did not always follow arterial or venous gas tension and Acid-Base disturbance. Urinary $PCO_2$, correlate well with the urinary volume. The larger the urinary volume, $PCO_2$ lowered to the venous level. The smaller the urinary volume, urinary $PCO_2$ tends to be higher. However urinary $PO_2$ did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. 3. Correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ were inversely proportional to arterial blood. Differences of $PCO_2$ between arterial blood and urine also did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. This may suggest that changes on blood gas tensions can influence on urinary $PCO_2$. 4. There were eminent clear inverse correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and osmolar concentrations of urine. Above results strongly suggest that partial pressure of gas in urine primarily depend upon counter-current exchanges in renal medullary tissues.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

당원병 Ia형은 glucose-6-phosphatase 효소의 결핍으로 인해 발생되는 상염색체열성 질환으로 특징적인 임상양상으로 대부분 영아기에 진단되나 증상의 경중에 따라 진단 연령이 늦어지기도 한다. 또한 환자 진단 시 유전 양식을 고려한 올바른 유전 상담과 더불어 형제, 자매에 대한 스크리닝이 중요하겠다. 본 연구는 성인기에 진단된 GSD Ia 자매에서의 임상양상의 차이를 기술하고 성인기 합병증에 대한 문헌을 고찰하여, 특히 간질환, 신부전 또는 대사성 질환으로 진료 받는 성인 환자들에서 당원병에 대한 감별과 당원병 진단 시 합병증에 대한 검사와 관리에 대해 필요성을 보고하는 바이다. 저혈당, 고지혈증, 고요산증, 젖산혈증, 대사성 산증, 기관 내 당원 축척에 대한 적절한 검사 및 약물 요법을 통해 급성 및 만성 합병증 예방과 적절한 치료를 위해 의료진의 체계적인 접근 및 노력이 필요하겠다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.702-707
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• 2004

Pangasius polyuranodon 조직의 젖산탈수소효소(EC 1.1.1.27, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)는$A_4$, $A_3$B, $A_2$$B_2$, $AB_3$ 및 $B_4$동위효소들이 모두 발현되었다. Hypostomus Plecostomus LDH의 경우 $A_4$와 liver-specific $C_4$동위효소가 발현되었다. 골격 근, 심장 및 눈조직에서는 동위효소의 band가 나타나지 않았고, 신장 및 간조직에서 각각 하나의 band가 나타났으며, 뇌조직에서는 4개의 동위효소 band들이 나타났다. 간조직의 band는 alcohol dehydrogenase로 확인되었고, 골격근에서 양극쪽 band는 nothing dehydrogenase로 확인되었다. 따라서 골격근, 심장 및 눈조직에서 LDH는 pyruvate reductase 로서 기능을 하는 것으로 생각된다. P. polyuranodon 조직별 피루브산에 의한 저해정도는 10 mM 피루브산에서 골격근은 57.6%, 심장은 73.8%로 측정되었으나 H. plecostomus의 조직들은 52.7-61.8%로 측정되어 조직특이성이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 H. plecostomus가 P. polyuranodon 보다 더욱 저산소 환경에서 혐기적 대사에 의해 순응되어졌다고 사료된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate applications of 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in Dongeuibogam. Methods : 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, and etc. Results : 1. 19(15.57%) prescriptions are recorded in fatigue chapter, 11(9.02%) in mental or emotional disorder as a result of repressed anger or stress chapter, 9(7.38%) in urine and cough chapters respectively and 8(6.56%) in eyes, ears and glycosuria chapters respectively, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Burning stress resulted from Yin deficiency treat herbs are ranked top, Yin deficiency treat herbs, dim eyes, Yin-yang deficiency treat herbs, kidney function deficiency treat herbs are ranked in order of frequency among 78 symptoms in prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 3. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is more used than Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 5 puns:4 puns ~ 2 nyangs:1 nyang. 1 jeon:5 puns is recorded 3(30.00%), 1 jeon:7 puns is 2 times(20.00%), the others are 1 (10.00%) used among 10 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 4. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is used same amount Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 3 puns each ~ 4 nyangs each, same amount each or unidentified dosages. Same amount each or unidentified dosages each is recorded 36 times(38.71%), 5 puns each is 15 times(16.85%), 1 nyang each is recorded 12 times(13.48%), 0.7 jeon each is recorded 7 times (7.87%) and 1 jeon each is recorded 6 times(6.74%) used among 89 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 5. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is less used than Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 3 puns:1 jeon ~ 4 nyangs:8 nyangs. 1 nyang:2 nyangs is recorded 4(17.39%), 0.5 jeon:1 jeon is 3(13.40%) each, the others are 1 time(4.35%) used among 23 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 6. The less using dosage of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex has a more percentage of decoctions groups, The more using dosage of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex has a more percentage of the other groups except decoctions. The less using prescriptions have an effects of controlling yin and blood deficiency, enhancing Qi, etc, as a whole. The more using prescriptions as a form of compound powder have an effects in incurableness disease, chronic diseases, and etc. Conclusions : The 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Gamree-hwan, Samool-tang, Naebo-hwan, Sagoonja-tang and Gobangpoong-tang, and etc.