• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2017

This study was performed to retrospectively pursue any correlation between renal cortex thickness (RCT), outer medulla thickness (OMT) on ultrasonography (US) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage. Medical records and US findings of the dogs diagnosed CKD were reviewed for comparing to those of the clinically healthy dogs from March. 2015 through June. 2016. To evaluate the correlation about normal and CKD patients, RCT and the OMT were measured on US images. RCT and OMT were adjusted by dividing body surface area for standardization (RCTS, OMTS). Also the ratio of RCT/OMT were calculated and these indices were evaluated to investigate any tendency between 5 groups (normal and 4 IRIS stages) using Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test (J-T test). The RCTS showed a declining tendency (p < 0.02) and the OMTS showed an inclining tendency from normal through each IRIS stage (p < 0.01). The RCT/OMT showed also declining tendency (p < 0.01). Although the gold standard for renal function including GFR is lack, it is thought that differentiation between normal and CKD patients could be possible on US measurement of renal cortex and outer medulla thickness, which could be an alternative index for kidney function in diagnostic imaging.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Appropriate control of diet and water intake is important for maintaining normal blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the body. It is relatively understood that the amount of sodium and potassium intake directly affects blood pressure and regulates ion transporters; Na and K channel functions in the kidney. However, little is known about whether diet and water intake regulates Aquaporin (AQP) function. AQPs, a family of aquaporin proteins with different types being expressed in different tissues, are important for water absorption by the cell. Water reabsorption is a passive process driven by osmotic gradient and water permeability is critical for this process. In most of the nephron, however, water reabsorption is unregulated and coupled to solute reabsorption, such as AQP1 mediated water absorption in the proximal tubule. AQP2 is the only water channel founded so far that can be regulated by hormones in the kidney. AQP2 expressed in the apical membrane of the principal cells in the collecting tubule can be regulated by vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) controlling the final volume of urine excretion. When vasopressin binds to its receptor on the collecting duct cells, it stimulates the translocation of AQP2 to the membrane, leading to increased water absorption via this AQP2 water channel. However, some studies also indicated that the AQP2 is also been regulated by vasopressin independent mechanism. This review is focused on the regulation of AQP2 by diet and the amount of water intake on salt and water homeostasis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of Korean medicine on an elderly patient with posterior circulation cerebral infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and early neurological deterioration (END). Methods: The patient, who already had CKD, was treated with Korean medicine, comprising herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxa, and cupping combined with Western medicine (antiplatelet, diabetes) and physical therapy. A manual muscle test (MMT) and a modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to observe the treatment effects, and blood tests were performed to check estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which represent renal function. Results: After the treatment, MMT, MBI, and renal function scores had increased. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine can effectively treat posterior circulation cerebral infarction with END in CKD, but further studies should be conducted.

• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.410-415
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• 2018

Purpose: Despite meticulous techniques, surgical complications continue to be problematic in kidney transplant recipients. Role of routine stenting to reduce complications is controversial. In this study, we compare incidence of early urological complications, lymphoceles, urinary tract infections (UTI) and graft function; with or without double-J stenting. Materials and Methods: All patients who underwent live related donor renal transplantation from February 2014 to February 2016 were included. Transplants prior to February 2015 were without routine stenting; subsequent transplants were with routine stenting. Patients with neurogenic bladder, previously operated bladder and delayed or low urinary output were excluded. Followup was for at least three months. Descriptive statistics was performed for all parameters. Chi square test and Fisher's Exact test were used for qualitative variables. For quantitative variables, Mann-Whitney test was used to test median difference and independent samples t-test for mean difference. The p-value ${\leq}0.05$ was considered significant. Results: We analysed 74 patients (34 stented and 40 non-stented). There was no difference in the incidence of urinary leak, anastomotic obstruction, lymphoceles or UTI (p>0.4 for all comparisons). However, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at sixth day, 14th day, one month and two months were 76.1 vs. 61.5 (p=0.025), 72.1 vs. 56.6 (p=0.005), 79.4 vs. 63.1 (p=0.002) and 82.0 vs. 63.3 (p=0.001) in the stented versus non-stented groups. Conclusions: Placement of ureteral stent in renal transplant does not significantly affect the incidence of early urinary complications or UTI. However, graft function is significantly better in stented recipients, at least in the short term.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin I supplementation on renal function in high fat diet and adriamycin (ADR) induced experimental nephrotic syndrome in model rats. The effects of vitamin E supplementation on renal function in high fat diet and ADR treated rats were as follows. Kidney weight was decreased by vitamin E supplementation. Serum total protein was increased by the excess supplementation. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) was decreased by the high supplementation. However, serum albumin and creatinine showed no significant differences between groups. Urinary volume tended to increase by vitamin I supplementation. Urinary urea-N tended by vitamin I supplementation. Particularly glomerular filtration rate(GFR) was significantly decreased by vitamin E supplementation. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation could alleviate the adverse effects caused in renal function by highfatdiet and ADR treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Purpose Dynamic kidney scan is a typical imaging technique that visualizes kidney function. Reproducibility of dynamic kidney scans has been evaluated by comparing low-dose kidney scans with low-dose radiopharmaceutical and standard dynamic kidney scan. With this comparative study, if reproducibility is superb, the dynamic kidney scan method with reduced radioactivity to patients is to be utilized and radiation exposure to patient is to be reduced. Materials and Methods For gamma camera, Orbiter, SymbiaE (Siemens, Germany) was used. Among patients who had used 370 Mbq (10 mCi) from January of 2013 to February 2014 and other patients who had used 185 Mbq (5 mCi) from March of 2014 to July of 2015 with identical condition, 21 subjects using DTPA and 20 subjects using $MAG_3$, 41 subjects in total, had been selected as subjects for data. From renogram of the result image, frame of the peak point was selected. Then, region of interest of kidney and background had been selected and Kidney to Background Ratio has been calculated for comparison. Results In tests using DTPA, kidney to background ratio when using 370 Mbq was $5.67{\pm}0.8$ at average while it was $5.62{\pm}0.87$ when using 185 Mbq, which didn't show much difference. Also in the tests using $MAG_3$, kidney to background ratio when using 370 Mbq was $14.95{\pm}2.58$ at average and $14.56{\pm}2.02$ in 185 Mbq, which neither showed much difference. In paired sample t-test, p-value was 0.566 in DTPA and 0.363 in $MAG_3$, which confirmed that there was no difference between the groups. Conclusion In identical patients, when dose was decreased from 370 Mbq to 185 Mbq, reproducibility of dynamic kidney scan was proven to be excellent. Low-dose Dynamic kidney scan can achieve results with fine reproducibility without improvement in performance of gamma camera and is expected to reduce radiation exposure to patient.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2000

Mesangial cell has several key roles in thee control of glomerular function: it partocipates in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate, macromolecular clearance, and as both a source and target of numerous hormones and autocrines. Many of these insights into mesangial cell function have been obtained by studying mesangial cells in culture. However, no suitble cell lines have established yet. We here reported the immortalization of rat kidney glomeruar mesangial cell by transfection of E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) via electroporation and lipofection. The reslts showed that only electroporation could transfect the genes to mesangial cells and the transfected cells maintained the viability for longer than 6 months. Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that cellular contractility and phagocytosis, which are the two main phenotypes of mesangial cells with rat glomerular epithelial cells showed that the growth of mesangial dells was suppressed by epithelial cell, but the growth of epithelisl cells was enhanced by mesangial cells. Moreover, Such results may imply that the glomerular cell-cell interaction plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.522-528
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• 2007

A 3-year-old male Maltese dog(weighing 2.5 kg) was referred with an excessive movement of mandible and depression. Comprehensive diagnostic investigation revealed an end-stage of renal disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The renal allograft was performed after the condition of dog was stabilized by hemodialysis and medical treatment. After transplantation, the renal function of this dog was returned to normal. thereafter, the dog died suddenly without apparent clinical signs. The subsequent pathological studies revealed the actual etiology of death was not clearly identified However acute pancreatitis caused by abrupt introduction of food after prolonged luting might be involved in the etiology. This case study showed the necessity of pancreatic function test in postoperative management after renal transplantation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.716-728
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of dietary Ca levels on metabolic changes of Ca and skeleton in postmenopausal women, 10-month-old ovariectomized female rats were compared with 2 month old rats. The rats were fed either 0.2% or 1.2% Ca diets for 16 weeks. Food intake and weight gain as higher in rats fed high Ca diets and in ovariectomized rats. Apparent Ca absorption as higher, and Ca balance was lower in the low Ca groups. Vertebrae density was higher in old rats or those fed a high Ca diets. The old rats and ovariectomized rats showed decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption and kidney function deterioration resulting in increased urinary Ca excretion. Contradictory to the above observation, old rats and ovariectomized rats still showed higher bone mass and bone ash content. Therefore aging was not fully onging in 10-month-old rats. Bone weights, mineral contents, and mineral/wt ratio were lower in ovariectomized rats. Dietary Ca level did not affect urinary Ca excretion, urinary protein excretion, GFR, serum alkaline phosphatase, or urinary hydroxyporline excretion. This means that dietary Ca level did not influence kidney function or bone turnover. However Ca content and the ash content of femur, 4th vertebra, and scapula were increased in high Ca groups. Therefore, it is considered that decreased bone formation and accelerated bone resorption may account for the increased osteoporotic risk in women in menopause after middle age. However, Ca metabolism can be improved and bone components can be maintained if Ca is supplemented.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2006

The systolic and diastolic pressures in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats were greatly decreased after single-dose of Cd treatment without significant changes in heart rate. There was a fluid-shift into the third space and/or -loss through the kidney, since plasma $Na^+$ concentration and hematocrit ratio were significantly increased by acute Cd exposure. The present study showed that the sustained hypotensive effect of single-dose Cd on the cardiovascular system might have resulted from the systemic hypovolemia. Furthermore, renal excretion of electrolytes, including $Na^+$ and $K^+$, and urine flow rate were increased by Cd intoxication. Interestingly, the ratio of $Na^+/K^+$ excretion was increased and reached the maximum level 3 hours after Cd injection and returned to the normal level after 7 hours. Nevertheless, there was no difference in the regression analysis of $Na^+$ excretion and urine flow rate in both groups. Therefore, the increase in the urine volume seemed to enhance the excretion of $Na^+$. This study strongly suggest that the hypotensive effect of Cd is mediated by systemic $Na^+$ loss through the kidney and/or hypovolemia via fluid-shift.