• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2000

This dissertation was to research how some metal level within SipJeonDaeBo - Decoction, one of oriental prescriptions, influence Sprague-Dawley animals. 1. Under the experiment with drinking waters there was no metal ${\sim}0.65\;mg/L$ detected. A metal with feed found 0.001-376.983mg/kg. 2. In the mice's kidney, brain, bones used experiment, As searched 0.474 mg/kg, 0.486 mg/kg, 0.314 mg/kg 0.834 mg/kg respectively ; Cd 0.060 mg/kg, 0.045 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.353 mg/kg, ; Co 0.105 mg/kg, 0.063 mg/kg, 0.030 mg/kg, 0.399 mg/kg, ; Cr 0.292 mg/kg, 0.304 mg/kg, 0.234 mg/kg, 0.962 mg/kg, ; Cu 4.201 mg/kg, 3.759 mg/kg, 1.923 mg/kg, 0.484 mg/kg, ; Fe 57.535 mg/kg, 150.571 mg/kg, 17.178 mg/kg, 281.506 mg/kg, ; no Hg, Mn 0.612 mg/kg, 2.968 mg/kg, 0.528 mg/kg, 4.205 mg/kg, ; Ni 0.094 mg/kg, 0.072 mg/kg, 0.078 mg/kg, 27.714 mg/kg, ; Pb 0.269 mg/kg, 0.293 mg/kg, 0.283 mg/kg, 43.142 mg/kg ; Zn 4.149 mg/kg, 21.861 mg/kg, 8.088 mg/kg, 226.283 mg/kg respectively. 3. In level of hazardous metal within idney control group searched 0.194 {\pm}\; 0.052 mg/kg, experimental I g개up $0.189{\pm}0.036\;mg/kg$, experimental I group $0.264 {\pm}{\pm}\;0.179\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous metal control group searched $15.917{\pm}5.575\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $17.064{\pm}2.246\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $16.892{\pm}3.586\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level of metal control g.cup detected $6.484{\pm}2.258\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $6.940{\pm}0.914\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $6.915{\pm} 1.508\;mg/kg$ There all was no statistical significance. 4. In level of hazardous metal within the liver control group searched $0.187{\pm}0.048\;mg/kg$, experiment I g개up $0.168[\pm}0.079\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $0.277{\pm}0.159\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $44.925{\pm}18.468\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $39.917{\pm}12.772\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $49.525{\pm}33.484\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $18.082{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $16.068{\pm}5.128\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $19.977{\pm}13.443\;mg/kg$. There was no statistical significance but hazardous metal gets more level in the experilnent group than in the control group. 5. In level of hazardous metal within brain control group searched $0.145{\pm}0.056\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $$0.167{\pm}0.030\;mg/kg, erperiment II group $0.172{\pm}0.123\;mg/kg$. In level of non hazardous heavy metal control group detected $6.488{\pm}0.965\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $7.290{\pm}0.588\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $7.010{\pm}1.627\;mg/kg$. Besides in total concentration control group searched $2.683{\pm}7.395\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $3.017{\pm}0.238\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $2.908 {\pm} 0.711\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 6. In level of hazardous metal within bone control group searched $8.172{\pm}5.195 \;mg/kg$, experiment I group $9.128{\pm}4.143\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $9.401{\pm}6.924\;mg/kg$. There is statistical significance(p<0.05). In level of non hazardous metal control group detected $94.065{\pm}36.035\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $147.563 {\pm}79.939\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $142.730{\pm}77.374\;mg/kg$. Besides in total level control group searched $48.530{\pm}16.523\;mg/kg$, experiment I group $64.502{\pm}31.078\;mg/kg$, experiment II group $62.733 {\pm}34.641\;mg/kg$. Therefore there was no statistical significance. 7 In the correlative research as to how each metal influences to ingestion Cd and Co searched 0.954 and Pb and Ni -0.0884 from kidney. Co and Cd was 0.995 and Zn and As -0.190 from liver. Co and Cd were 0.995 and Zn and Cu -0.393 from brain. Co and Cd were 0.998 and Zn and Mn -0.206 from bones

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.4-12
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• 1980

The studies of the compounding analgestic antipyretics were examined by the converted Koster's method (mice) and the converted Mac Donald's method (mice) induced on the three assumption crossover test. And the following results were found. 1. The same effect of the writhing inhibition in this compounding antipyretic dosage by it's oral administration is as follows. Aminopyrine 100mg/kg. (standard), aminopyrine 50mg/kg compounding with chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg/kg., compounding with diphenhydramine hydrochloride 8mg/kg., compounding with atropine sulfate 0.2mg/kg., or compounding with scopolamine hydrobromide 0.2mg/kg. And aspirin80mg/kg., Salicylamide 90mg/kg., sulpyrine 60mg/kg., or phenacetin 70mg/kg. compounding with the same dosage of the adjutants above. 2. The elevation-rate of the reaction threshold in this compounding antipyretic dosage by it's oral administration calculate as follows. When the elevation-rate (ER) of aminopyrine (100mg./kg.) is 1.00 (Standard), ER of aminopyrine (50mg./kg.) compounding with chlorpheniramine maleate (2mg./kg.) calculated 1.42, aspirin (80.mg./kg.) compounding with diphenhydramine hydrochloride (80mg./kg.) calculated 1.18, salicylamide (90mg./kg.) compounding with chlorpheniramine maleate (2mg./kg.) calculated 1.15, sulpyrine (60mg./kg.) compounding with chlorpheniramine maleate(2mg./kg.) calculated 1.28, and ER phenacetin (70mg./kg.) compounding with chlorpheniramine maleate (2mg./kg.) calculated 1.19.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2001

This study was concentrated that the contents of heavy metals were estimated from 782 samples of sold fisheries in Seoul(33 species in fishes, 15 in bivalves, 12 in crustaceans and 10 in others) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The contents of As, Cd and Pb [minimum~maximum (mean)] were N.D.~0.162 mg/kg(0.021),0.001~0.120 mg/kg(0.014) and 0.015~0.499 mg/kg(0.111) in fishes, 0.003~0.311 mg/kg(0.052), N.D.~1.905 mg/kg(0.182) and 0.013~0.462 mg/kg(0.138) in bivalves, N.D.~0.328 mg/kg(0.042), 0.002~1.113mg/kg(0.079) and 0.006~-.510 mg/kg(0.109) in crustaceans, N.D. ~0.181 mg/kg(0.024), 0.001~0.214 mg/kg(0.033) and 0.010~0.877 mg/kg(0.118) in others respectively, bivalves were the highest than others. The average weekly intakes of three metals from sold fisheries took about 1.4~26.4% of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intakes) that FAO/WHO Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee had set to evaluate their safety.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1997

A field experiment was conducted in Chungiu and Jungwon to evaluate growth characteristics, root development, dry matter yield, crude protein yield and palatability according to nitrogen fertilizer level at intercropping cultivation of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid(hereinafier referred as SSH) and soybean. Nitrogen level was six treatment of Okg, 30kg 60kg, 90kg 120kg, and 150kg per hectare, and cutting date (sorghum $\times$ sudangrass and soybean) was july 28. 1. In the SSH, plant length was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer from 0kg/ha to 120kg/ha, but 150kgha treatment was decreased cornpared to 120kg/ha treatment. In the soybean, plant length did not show difference among 0kg, 30kg 60kg, and 90kg per hectare, but 120kg and 150kgfha treatment was on the contrary short. In the SSH, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number were the highest in 120kg/ha treatment, but soybean showed multifarious. 2. Stem diameter of SSH was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. But soybean was thick from 0kg/ha treatment to 60kg/ha treatment, while above 90kg/ha treatment was on the contrary thin. Stem of SSH was hard with increasing nitrogen fertilizer, but soybean was soft with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. Root weight (Dry matter) of SSH was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. On the contrary, soybean was decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer. 3. In the dairy cattle and Korean native cattle, palatability according to nitrogen fertilizer was the highest at 90kgha treatment, while 120kgha treatment and 150kgha treatment was the lowest. But in the deer, 30kg/ha treatment of low nitrogen fertilizer was the highest in palatability. 4. Nitrogen content of root of SSH was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer(P<0.01). But in soybean, 30kg and 60kg/ha treatment were higher than 0kg, 90kg, 120kg and 150kg/ha treatment(P<0.01). Total niwogen content of soil were high at 90kg 120kg 150kgha trea~ment(P<0.01). 5. Dry matter yield was high at the 90kg 120kg and 150kgha treatment as range from 15, 262kg/ha to 15, 614kg/ha without significant difference among those, but Okgha treatment was the lowest as 11, 183kg/ha (PC 0.05). Protein content of SSH was the highest at 90kg/ha treatment as 8.3 percentage. Soybean was highest at 60kgha treatment as 22.9 percentage. Protein yield was the highest at 90kg/ha treatment as 1, 547.6kg/ha, but Okgha treatment was the lowest as 1, 022.8kg/ha (P<0.01).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2001

This study aimed to identify the flowering and fruiting characteristics of 2 varieties (Chunpoong and Yunpoong), 3 superior lines (KG103, KG104, KG105) and Hwangsookjong selected for development of varieties of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The flowering date of Yunpoong and KG103 line showed earlier than any other lines or variety. Fertility ratio of KG104 was higher than others and the lowest with KG103 showing over 60% in all varieties and lines tested. On the fruiting type of lines, ratio of single ovary type of Chunpoong and KG105 was higher than double ovary type while Yunpoong, KG104 and Hwangsookjong were formed more double ovary type. Seed yield of KG104 per stem was the highest but Yunpoong showed the highest per kan (90 ${\times}$ 180 cm). Seed size of KG103 was the biggest among the lines tested, meanwhile that of Chunpoong and Hwangsookjong were smaller.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1969

These studies were carried to clarify the application effect of high leveled superphosphate fertilizer and the effect to the yield and growth of rice by the application of composts enriched with superphosphate fertilizer and the results were as follows: 1) Neither statistical significance was convinced between the yield and yield component factor in each treatment in the terms of superphosphate effects, nor the additional application effect of superphosphate fertilizer was appeared. 2) In the terms of grain yield, the statistical significance was not revealed in the plots of composts applied 1000kg per 10a, of superphosphate applied 5kg, 7.5kg and 10kg per 10 a, but grain yield were 220kg in the plot of composts applied 1000 kg per 10 a, 232kg in the plot of superphosphate applied 5 kg per 10 a, 266kg in superphosphate applied 7.5 per 10a, and 243kg of 10kg $P_2O_5$ per 10a. 3) The methods of applying superphosphate and composts to rice plant making composts enriched with superphosphate fertilizer a few monath before the basal application were recommended to increase grain yield and each factor of grain component. 4) The interaction of applying composts and superphosphate was revealed that applying composts with the $P_2O_5$ was recommended. 5) Grain yields were higher in the plots of 1, 000kg of composts enriched with 7.5kg of $P_2O_5$ per 10 a, and 1, 000kg of composts with 5kg of $P_2O_5$ per 10 a other than the rest of 10 treatments. 6) Appyling composts in the test was convinced as effective results to accelerate the maturing rate.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry on the dry matter yield of Reed canarygrass grown in different cutting frequency, was was cernpared for the efficiency of N utilization. Annual rates of mineral N and cattle slurry N of 0 (control), 90kg, 180kg, 270kg and 360kg/ha in 3 cuttings, 0, 120kg, 240kg, 360kg and 480kg/ha in 4 cuttings, and 0, 150kg, 300kg, 450kg and 600kg/ha were applied as urea and cattle slurry in 5 cuttings, respectively. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The annual dry matter yields were increased with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry. The annual dry matter yields of mineral N obtained were 14.4 ton/ha(ranged from 10.46 ton to 16.91 ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 13.88 ton/ha(ranged from 9.91 ton to 16.53 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 15.98 ton/ha(ranged from 12.0 ton to 18.25 ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. The annual dry matter yields of cattle slurry obtained were 12.14ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 ton to 11.79ton/ha) in 3 cuttings, 10.81ton/ha(ranged from 8.92 to 11.79 ton/ha) in 4 cuttings and 12.98ton/ha(ranged from 10.68 ton to 14.85ton/ha) in 5 cuttings. 2. Relative dry matter yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 84.3%, 77.9% and 81.2% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 3. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) tended to decrease with application rates of mineral N and cattle slurry, and higher cutting frequencies. Average increase in dry matter production obtained were higher values at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in both of mineral N and cattle slurry. Average increase in dry matter production to mineral N were 23.9kg, 18.8kg and 15.2kgin 3, 4 and 5 cuttings, respectively. 4. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to mineral N obtained were 0.46kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 3 cuttings, and 0.45kg and 0.40kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 4 and 5 cuttings. 5. Average increase in dry matter production(kgDM/kgN) to cattle slurry obtained were 13.7kg and 19.5kg at rates of 30kg/ha/cut in 3 and 4 cuttings, and 9.7kg at rates of 60kg/ha/cut in 5 cuttings. 6. Average increase in total nitrogen yield(kgTN/kgN) to cattle slurry was not concern to the rates of application. Average increase in total nitrogen yield to cattle slurry obtained were 0.11kg, 0.20kg and 0.21kg in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. 7. Relative average increase in dry matter production of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 33.1%, 52.1% and 50.0% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings. Relative average increase in total nitrogen yield of cattle slurry as compared to mineral N were 28.9%, 51.3% and 55.3% in 3, 4 and 5 cuttings.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.390-410
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• 1995

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of Composite Preparation (Samulchungkan-Tang) extract (SCTE), Scutellarias Radix extract (SRE), Artemisiae iwayomogii Herba extract (AIHE), Artemisia capillaris Flos extract (ACFE), Paeaniae Radix extract (PRE) and Gardeniae Fructus extract (GFE) on the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH, and Content of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4$ and ${_D}-galactosamime$ intoxicated rats, and bile flow in rats. 1) In $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rats-The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT which were elevated by $CCl_4$ were significantly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively as compared to $CCl_4$ intoxicated rats. ALP activity increased by $CC1_4-treatment$ was markedly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHE 400 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg, and LDH activity in SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively compared to $CCl_4$ treated rates. ACFE 400 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg decreased the content of total cholesterol increased by $CCl_4$, the liver weight in all sample administered groups was decreased significantly as compared to $CCl_4$ treated groups. 2) In ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated rats-Sample of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHF 400 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg decreased the activities of S-GPT, ALP and LDH which was increased by ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxication, compared to ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated groups. In S-GOT activity elevated by ${_D}-galactosamine$ was significantly decreased by SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600mg/kg, AIHE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg, GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg. However, SCTE 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and AIHE 400 mg/kg were not effected significantly. 3) In bile secretion-SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 500mg/kg increased significantly the amount of bile secretion as compared to normal groups, but AIHE 400 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and PRE 300 mg/kg did not effected significantiy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on the forage growth, production and quality of native reed (Phragmites communis) grasses. Field experiments were conducted in Cheonan and in Ansan, 2012. Treatments were control (no N fertilization), 50 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha in Cheonan plots (fertilization on April $30^{th}$, and harvest on June $21^{st}$). Treatments in Ansan plots were control (no N fertilization) and 60 kg/ha (fertilization on May first, and harvest on August first). Forage growth and leaf colors were improved in N fertilized plots. However, the drymatter (DM) percentage was slightly decreased with N fertilization. Forage yields, in terms of DM, crude protein (CP) and digestible DM (DDM), were significantly increased with N fertilization in both sites. In Cheonan, DM, CP and DDM yields per ha were 4,026 kg, 235 kg and 1,850 kg, respectively, in the control plot, and were 4,658 kg, 306 kg and 2,388 kg, respectively, in the N 50 kg plot, and 5,622 kg, 446 kg and 3,143 kg, respectively, in the N 100 kg plot. In Ansan, DM, CP and DDM yields per ha were 2,802 kg, 177 kg and 1,288 kg, respectively, in the control plot, and were 3,876 kg, 294 kg and 1,853 kg, respectively, in the N 60 kg plot. Forage quality in terms of CP content, in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) were also increased with N fertilization in both sites. In Cheonan, the CP content, IVDMD and RFV were 5.85%, 45.96% and 64.5 (grade 5), respectively, in the control plot, 6.58%, 51.27% and 72.3 (grade 5), respectively, in the N 50 kg plot, and 7.94%, 55.91% and 72.7 (grade 5), respectively, in the N 100 kg plot. In Ansan, the CP content, IVDMD and RFV were 6.30%, 45.98% and 70.2 (grade 5), respectively, in the control plot, and 7.59%, 47.80% and 78.3 (grade 4), respectively, in the N 60 kg plot. In conclusion, N fertilization of 60~100 kg/ha was desirable for greater forage production, with a higher quality of native Phragmites communis achievable. This should only be applied if the fertilization area is not located at a riverside/streamside or in riparian land where there is a high risk of water pollution by fertilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of pure mineral nitrogen fertilizing on dry matter yield of grassland and the advisable mineral nitrogen amounts in long duration under practical conditions at the "Federal Institute for Agriculture in the Alps" in Austria. The application rates were 0, 30, 60,90 and 120 kg N/ha/cut, the cutting regimes 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cuts/year. In order to explain the nitrogen-profitability were determined that 1 kg pure mineral nitrogen have to produce 8 - 16 kg DM/kg N in dependence on cutting regimes and requiring of nitrogen efficiencies. The results were as follows: 1. With only PK-fertilizaing average dry matter yields from 4.0 to 7.6 tons per ha and year were obtained. 2. Within all applied cutting regimes 60 kg min. Nlhalgrowth have proved to be the most efficient application rate witn 13 - 24 kg DM/kg N in dependent of cutting regimes. Comapred with only PK-treatment the DM yields increased by 3.9 - 4.7 t/ ha nad year. 3. By the sigmaformed process of Input-Output curve the highest marginal yield (the "most efficient" Ndressing rate) per ha and year was calculated: 152 kg N at 3-cut regimes, 204 kg N at 4-cut regimes, 220 kg N at 5-cut regimes and 240 kg N/ha/year at 6-cut regimes. 4. With required efficiencies of 16 and 12 kg DM/kg N 240 - 300 kg N per ha and year respectively would have to be applied at 3-cut regimes; with required efficiencies of 12 and 10 kg DM/kg N at 4-cut regimes the appropriate figures ranged from 320 to 420 kg N/ha and year, at 5- and 6-cut regimes and efficiencies of 10 and 8 kg DM/kg N results of 360 - 460 kg N and 380 - 500 kg N respectively were obtained. 5. At the relatively dry location Piber the highest dressing rates were needed in order to obtain the efficiencies from 8 to 16 kg DM/kg N, about 30 - 60 kg N/ha/year more than at the relatively moist location Admont.ist location Admont.