• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.77-82
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 ElGamal 암호 기반에 PAK(Password-Authenticated Key Exchange) 프로토콜을 적용하여, 새로운 패스워드-인증 키 분배 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. ElGamal 암호 기법에서 사용자와 서버의 공개키와 개인키로 미리 공유된 패스워드와 비밀 정보를 암호문으로 전송하고 복호함으로써 서버-클라이언트 상호 인증을 하고, 비밀 정보를 근거로 세션키를 나누어 갖는 것이 이 프로토콜의 목적이다. 또한 설계 시 패스워드-인증 키 교환 프로토콜에서의 보안 요구사항을 고려하여 패스워드 기반의 인증 키 분배 프로토콜에서 요구하는 보안 요구사항을 만족하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

Password-Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) Protocol is a useful tool for secure communication conducted over open networks without sharing a common secret key or assuming the existence of the public key infrastructure (PKI). It seems difficult to design efficient PAKE protocols using RSA, and thus many PAKE protocols are designed based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange (DH-PAKE). Therefore it is important to design an efficient PAKE based on RSA function since the function is suitable for designing a PAKE protocol for imbalanced communication environment. In this paper, we propose a computationally-efficient key exchange protocol based on the RSA function that is suitable for low-power devices in imbalanced environment. Our protocol is more efficient than previous RSA-PAKE protocols, required theoretical computation and experiment time in the same environment. Our protocol can provide that it is more 84% efficiency key exchange than secure and the most efficient RSA-PAKE protocol CEPEK. We can improve the performance of our protocol by computing some costly operations in offline step. We prove the security of our protocol under firmly formalized security model in the random oracle model.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2010

The present study investigates the difficulty of solving the mathematical problem, namely the DLP (Discrete Logarithm Problem) for ephemeral keys. The DLP is the basis for many public key cryptosystems. The ephemeral keys are used in such systems to ensure security. The DLP defined on a prime field $Z^*_p of random prime is considered in the present study. The most effective method to solve the DLP is the ICM (Index Calculus Method). In the present study, an efficient way of computing the DLP for ephemeral keys by using a new variant of the ICM when the factors of p-1 are known and small is proposed. The ICM has two steps, a pre-computation and an individual logarithm computation. The pre-computation step is to compute the logarithms of a subset of a group and the individual logarithm step is to find the DLP using the precomputed logarithms. Since the ephemeral keys are dynamic and change for every session, once the logarithms of a subset of a group are known, the DLP for the ephemeral key can be obtained using the individual logarithm step. Therefore, an efficient way of solving the individual logarithm step based on the newly proposed precomputation method is presented and the performance is analyzed using a comprehensive set of experiments. The ephemeral keys are also solved by using other methods, which are efficient on random primes, such as the Pohlig-Hellman method, the Van Oorschot method and the traditional individual logarithm step. The results are compared with the newly proposed individual logarithm step of the ICM. Also, the DLP of ephemeral keys used in a popular password key exchange protocol known as Chang and Chang are computed and reported to launch key recovery attack.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 2015

$Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles were prepared via one-step reactive laser ablation of Cr in oxygen. The metastable $CrO_2$ phase was obtained through the subsequent oxidation of $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles under $O_2$ with gas pressures of up to 40 MPa. The as-prepared $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles are spherical or rectangular in shape with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm. High oxygen pressure annealing is effective in producing meta-stable $CrO_2$ from as-dried $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles, and the $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles exhibit a weak ferromagnetic behavior with an exchange bias of up to 11 mT that can be ascribed to the interfacial exchange coupling between uncompensated surface spins and the antiferromagnetic core. The $Cr_2O_3/CrO_2$ nanoparticles exhibit an enhanced saturation magnetization and a reduced exchange bias with an increasing faction of $CrO_2$ due to the elimination of uncompensated surface spins over the $Cr_2O_3$ nanoparticles when exposed to a high pressure of $O_2$ and/or possible phase segregation that results in a smaller grain size for both $Cr_2O_3$ and $CrO_2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.713-716
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• 2007

This paper suggests One-time Password key exchange authentication technique for a strong authentication based on Ad-hoc Networks and through identify wireless environment security vulnerabilities, analyzes current authentication techniques. The suggested authentication technique consists of 3 steps: Routing, Registration, and Running. The Routing step sets a safe route using AODV protocol. The Registration and Running step apply the One-time password S/key and the DH-EKE based on the password, for source node authentication. In setting the Session key for safe packet transmission and data encryption, the suggested authentication technique encrypts message as H(pwd) verifiers, performs key exchange and utilizes One time password for the password possession verification and the efficiency enhancement. EKE sets end to end session key using the DH-EKE in which it expounds the identifier to hash function with the modula exponent. A safe session key exchange is possible through encryption of the H(pwd) verifier.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.11C
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2006

In this Paper, we present a novel authentication and key exchange(AKE) protocol for inter-NSP(provider) roaming in IEEE 802.16e networks. The proposed protocol allows performing both user and device authentication jointly by using two different authentication credentials and Provides user anonymity and session key establishment. Also, this protocol requires only two round number message exchange between foreign network and home network.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.344-352
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• 2006

We developed the facsimile encryption system that could send/receive the cipher text and plain text automatically. This facsimile encryption system is adopting the 128bits SEED encryption algorithm, 1024bits modular and 256bits exponential Diffie-Hellman key exchange method. We can reduce the cipher text transmitting time by developing the Dual Facsimile Server, it can make the real time encryption communication. Key is safely exchanged by the exchanging the listed serial numbers when the Diffie-Hellman key exchanging.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new Two-factor Authentication and Key Exchange(TAKE) protocol that can be applied to low-power PDAs in Public Wireless LAMs using two factor authentication and precomputation. This protocol provides mutual authentication session key establishment, identity privacy, and practical half forward-secrecy. The only computational complexity that the client must perform is one symmetric key encryption and five hash functions during the runtime of the protocol.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2005

Wireless access always has to include the authentication of communication partners and the encryption of communication data in order to use secure M-Commerce services. However, wireless systems have limitations compared with the wired systems, so we need an efficient authentication and key exchange protocol considering these limitations. In this paper, we propose an efficient authentication and key exchange protocol for M-Commerce users using elliptic curve crypto systems. The proposed protocol reduces the computational load of mobile users because the wireless service provider accomplishes some parts of computations instead of the mobile user, and it uses the password-based authentication in wireless links. Also, it guarantees the anonymity of the mobile user not to reveal directly the real identity of the user to the M-Commerce host, and preserves the confidentiality of communication data between the M-Commerce host and the user not to know the contents of communication between them to others including the wireless service provider.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.2563-2568
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• 2009

Although a symmetric cryptographic system has many advantages in speed of encryption decryption, the security problems with the distribution method of secret keys have been still raised. Especially, the distribution method of secret keys for unspecified individuals who want secret communication is becoming a core issue. As a simple solution to this issue, Diffie-Hellman key exchange methods were proposed, but proved to be insufficient in depending MITM(Main In The Middle) attacks. To find effective solution to problems mentioned above, this paper proposes the strengthened Diffie-Hellman key exchange methods applied for the mobile-phone channel which are widely used. This paper emphasizes the way to distribute the synthesized session keys to the sender and the receiver, which are created with authentication numbers exchanged between the mobile-phones and Diffie-Hellman key. Using proposed ways, MITMattacks can be effectively defended.