• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.269-294
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• 2014

Korea is concerned with information security industry due to recent leak-out private information of 3 card companies. Executives are aware of damage from breach of security such as personal data spill, is more dangerous than any other financial risks. The information security industry, which was limited in physical security and network security formerly, is evolving into convergence security of public and facility security industry. The field of interest has also been changed into security of smart phone and intelligence image recently, from firewall or Anti-virus. The convergence security is originally about access control of facility, but recently its demand has been increased mostly by public institutions and major companies. The scope of the industry also varies from finance, education, distribution, national defense, medical care to automobile industry. The market of convergence security has been expanded and new various products and services of security of intelligent vehicle, 'U' healthcare, finance, smart grid and key industries are also developed. It is required to create and enhance of new curriculum and cultivate human resources for the development of knowledge information security industry. Raising standard of education and security consciousness of the nation is also necessary to strengthen the global competitiveness.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

Purpose: Colitis is a condition associated with a spectrum of altered morphologic changes and cellular adhesion. E-cadherin plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial tissue structure and cell-cell adhesion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate E-cadherin expression in colonic epithelium of various colitis in children. Methods: The expressions of E-cadherin were examined in 39 cases of colonic mucosal biopsy specimen using immunohistochemical staining. When more than 50 percent of cells exhibited uniformly the same intensity and pattern of immunostaining as the adjacent normal mucosa, the antigen expression was considered normal. Abnormal expression was defined when less than 50 percent of cells stained, when cells showed a heterogeneously weak or altered distribution, or when complete absence of staining was observed. Results: Fifteen cases with non-specific colitis (38.5%), 7 cases of with Crohn's disease (17.9%), 5 cases of infectious colitis and milk protein sensitive proctocolitis (12.8%), 3 cases of ulcerative colitis (7.7%), 2 cases of Henoch-Schonlein purpura colitis (5.1%), one case of Behcet's disease and ischemic colitis (2.6%) were included in this study. E-cadherin expression was decreased in all kinds of colitis. Reduced expression of E-cadherin was observed in 77 percent of cases. E-cadherin was weaker or no expression in reparative epithelium and "ulcer associated cell lineage". Conclusion: Altered expression of E-cadherin occurs during mucosal inflammation in any kinds of colitis. These changes may be involved in promoting cell migration during epithelial restitution of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.371-379
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• 1992

악성종양의 진단 및 치료에 있어서 특정 종양에 대한 항체를 이용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 단세포군항체를 이용한 방사면역신티그라피로 암의 조기 진단 및 영상화가 가능하고 나아가 방사면역치료는 암의 선택적 치료에 도움이 될 수 있다. 위암은 우리나라에서 가장 흔한 악성종양으로 방사면역신티그라피와 방사면역치료법이 새로운 방법으로 모색되고 있다. 이러한 진단 및 치료법의 성공여부를 결정하는 중요한 인자의 하나가 종양조직내에서 종양관련 항원의 농도와 분포이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 단세포군 항체를 이용한 방사면역학적 방법의 임상 이용을 위한 기초 연구의 일환으로 in vitro quantitative autoradiography를 이용하여 종양 관련항원인 TAG-72와 CEA의 위암조직내 농도 및 분포를 측정하였다. 33예의 위암조직에서 얻은 동결절편을 $1.3\sim83.3$ nmol/liter의 $^{125}I$ 표지 항 TAG-72 단세포군 항체 B-72.3과 항 CEA 단세포군 항체 CEA-79로 반응시킨 후 이 표본들의 자가방사법 디지탈 영상을 H & E 염색과 immunoperoxidase염색 표본과 비교하였으며, 특정 단세포군 항체의 결합에 대한 컴퓨터 분석으로 조직내 항원의 농도와 분포를 측정하였다. TAG-72는 25예(75.7%)의 조직에서 검출되었으며 그 농도는 $8.4\sim525.3$ pmol/gram이었고, CEA는 32예 (96.9%)에서 검출되었으며 그 농도는 $8.8\sim592.9$ pmol/gram 이었다. CEA의 위암 조직내 발현농도는 중앙치가 101.7 pmol/gram 으로 TAG-72의 중앙치인 27.9 pmol/gram 보다 높았다. TAG-72의 조직내 분포는 41.4%에서 병변 부위의 암세포 분포와 일치하였고, CEA의 분포는 병변 부위의 80.5%에서 암세포와 일치하는 소견을 나타내었다. TAG-72의 농도는 점액성 선종(mucinous adenocarcinoma)과 점액함유 선종(mucin containing adenocarcinoma)에서 다른 선종보다 더 높았다. CEA의 농도는 위암의 병리학적 종류에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 위암조직에서 TAG-72와 CEA항원이 다양하게 발현됨을 알 수 있었고 CEA는 TAG-72 보다 더 빈번하게 균일한 분포로 발현하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2008

The SSTop (Sea Surface Topography) provides an estimate of the large scale structure of the deviations between the geoid height and the mean sea surface in terms of a normalized surface spherical harmonic series. The SSTop is the key information which has been used to determine the shape of earth, geoid, current and tide etc. Also, the SSTop is a basic source for the unification of vertical datums at the different height systems which were established according to the their respective purposes. In order to unify the vertical datum around the East-Asian (E-A) region (covers the area: $20^{\circ}-45^{\circ}N$ and $110^{\circ}-140^{\circ}E$), we estimated the value of SSTop in the E-A region using the predicted values of mean sea surface (from KMSS04) and geoid height (from EGM96 and EIGEN-GL04C) and analyzed to aspect of SSTop at 5 tidal stations (InCheon, JeJu, QingDao, Aburatsubo, KeeLung) with the estimated values of each station previously. The result from this study indicates that the SSTop in the E-A region is relatively stable except for the area around the Japanese and Ryukyu deep, and also shows that the distribution of values of SSTop is ranged from 40 to 60 cm at tidal stations except InCheon station.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2015

The buffer is a key component of the engineered barrier system in a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. The present study reviewed the requirements and functional criteria of the buffer reported in literature, and also based on the results, proposed an approach to establish a buffer concept which is applicable to an HLW repository in Korea. The hydraulic conductivity, radionuclide-retarding capacity (equilibrium distribution coefficient and diffusion coefficient), swelling pressure, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, organic carbon content, and illitization rate were considered as major technical parameters for the functional criteria of the buffer. Domestic bentonite (Ca-bentonite) and, as an alternative, MX-80 (Na-bentonite) were proposed for the buffer of an HLW repository in Korea. The technical specifications for those proposed bentonites were set to parameter values that conservatively satisfy Korea's functional criteria for the Ca-bentonite and Swedish criteria for the Na-bentonite. The thickness of the buffer was determined by evaluating the means of shear behavior, radionuclide release, and heat conduction, which resulted in the proper buffer thickness of 0.25 to 0.5 m. However, the final thickness of the buffer should be determined by considering coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical evaluation and economics and engineering aspects as well.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2017

The positive changes in urban space and urban activities resulting from the urban services provided by Smart City is not accomplished by simply creating the physical environment built on ICT but through the cooperation and participation of citizens and private sector, which is in fact key to success. In this study, this research analyzed the role and structure of smart governance, which is a system of horizontal cooperation between public and private sector, and analyze its role in developing Smart City. The study also proposes various ways to facilitate such development in each of critical categories. For this purpose, this research studied 228 smart services across 11 categories registered in the Ministry of Land and Transport in Korea to analyze the spatial distribution of smart services by spatial hierarchy and their characteristics Also, the research conducted a case study of MetroGIS, which is an information collaboration governance system for the greater area of Minneapolis and St. Paul in the state of Minnesota, United States, to explore how governance is formed; its organizational structure; the role of sub-level organization hierarchy and their interrelationship. The results of the analysis suggest that the following conditions are required to create a smart city: first, public sector resource assistance for building community; second, enhanced communication system within the community and with outside the community; securing financial stability and establishing a model of sustainable development to induce the community to evolve into a governance form.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.259-268
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• 1984

The Korean government launched the medicaid program for the poor people as a wing of the social development and welfare programs beginning in 1977 when the fourth 5-year national economic development program started. The charts of the medicaid recipients who visited Jonglo-Gu Health Center for the period from 1981 to 1983 were reviewed and analysed. Major findings from the analysis are as follows. 1. The medicaid recipients occupied 5.19% in 1981, 2.90% in 1982 and 2.00% among the total residents of Jonglo district in 1983, respectively. 2. The mean number of physician visits per person year of medicaid recipients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center was 4.73 in 1981, 4.90 in 1982 and 4.41 in 1983, respectively. 3. The consultation/referral rate at the Jonglo-Gu Health Center was 2.65% in 1981, 1.77% in 1982 and 2.18% in 1983 while the rate at the department of family practice, Seoul National University Hospital was 3.18% in 1983. 4. Classifying into 17 major categories, the pattern of diseases of the poor outpatients who visited the Hallym College Medical Center both in 1981 and 1982 showed a statistically similar pattern of the 5,169 medicaid patients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981 and 401 patients in 1983. 5. Classifying into 17 major categories, the disease of outpatient visits at the department of family practice, Seoul National University Hospital from 1st May, 1983 to 31s1 Oct., 1983 revealed statistically significant similarity with both the 5,169 medicaid patients in 1981 and the 401 patients sampled in 1983. 6. Classifying into 17 major categories, the diseases of community diagnosis at the Ihwa Dong, Jonglo-Gu also showed a statistically significant similarity with the 5,169 medicaid patients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981. 7. Classifying into 17 major categories, the diseases of 5,169 medicaid patients at Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981 showed a statistically significant similar distribution with that of the 401 sampled medicaid patients at this center in 1983. 8. Among the medicaid patients who utilized the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1983, 401 sampled patients who are practicable routine urinalysis composed of 131 indigent group and 270 low-income group. The sample composed of 127 males and 274 females. There were more old patients than the young ones among the 401 sampled patients. 9. Age-adjusted prevalence rate of the hypertension computed by the direct method using estimated of midyear population of 1980 year as the standard is the highest in the Yonsei area and the lowest in the Shindongmyun. Furthermore age-adjusted prevalence rate was higher for males than that of females. 10. The group of hypertension patients using routine urinalysis profile composed of pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria and glycosuria is the most statistical significant, the pyuria alone is very significant, hematuria is significant and proteinuria is also significant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.323-334
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• 2014

In this paper, experimental program and associated numerical study were carried out to evaluate the fire resistance of unprotected concrete-filled rectangular steel tubular (CFT) columns subjected to the standard fire. The key testing parameters included the length effect, the load ratio, and the sectional dimensions of the CFT columns. Temperature distribution and axial deformation of the CFT column specimens were measured and analyzed. Rather early local buckling of steel tubes was observed in all the specimens. This caused subsequent load transfer from steel tube to concrete, and eventually triggered concrete crushing, or complete loss of the load bearing capacity of the column. This implies that the limit state of local buckling as well as overall flexural buckling should be incorporated in fire design procedure. As expected, the fire resistance time of specimen with higher load ratio consistently lessened. The prediction of fire resistance time of unprotected CFT columns based on the limiting steel temperature in current design codes or the formula proposed by previous studies is slightly conservative compared to the fire test results available. To establish the finite element analysis model that can be used to predict the thermal and structural behaviour of unprotected CFT columns in fire, the fully coupled thermal-stress analysis was also tried by using the commercial code ABAQUS. The numerical results showed a reasonable global correlation with the experimental results.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 1990

Pulmonary embolism demands rapid and accurate diagnosis. And ventilation imaging has greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary embolism in addition to perfusion imaging. Agents currently used include xenon-133, krypton-81m and technetium-99m radioaerosols. However radioactive gases are compromised by availability and cost for krypton-81m, radiation dose, gamma energy and non?physiologic behaviour for xenon-133. Radioaerosols of technetium-99m componds are rapidly cleared from the lung after inhalation, and their relative low effeciency (specific radioactivity) and wide distribution of particle sizes make them also suboptimum. A new ventilation agent, Technegas is a suspension of structured graphite ellipsoids with diameter below 20nm, labelled with $^{99m}Tc$ in a carrier gas of Argon. This report describes the authors' clinical experience with Technegas. This is the first reported clinical study of this agent in Korea. A comparison of Technegas and $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ aerosol was performed in 12 patients with various pulmonary diseases such as COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion. All patients were studied with $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ aerosol inhalation and Technegas ventilation. In both studies image quality was assessed (1) semiquantitatively by scoring bronchial and gastric activity, (2) subjectively by direct visual comparison of peripheral lung images and (3) quantitatively by computing the peripheral penetration index(PI) for each lungs. The bronchial activites were seen in 7 out of 12 cases with $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ aerosol and in 5/12 with Technegas. The gastric activities were seen in 5/12 and 1/12 cases respectively. The average values of PI were 61.26% with $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ aerosol and 69.20% with Technegas (p>0.05). Using $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ aerosol, COPD patients showed deposition in the central airways with poor visualization of the peripheral areas of the lungs. In Technegas studies these phenomena were less prominent, and the examination is well tolerated by pateients and requires only a minimum of patient cooperation. With superiority of easy availability and handling, better physical characteristics and favorable Image quality, Technegas is a Promising agent for lung ventilation scanning.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.317-324
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• 1990

Liposome was labelled with $^{99m}Tc$ after negative charged liposome was formed with combination of a few lipid components. $^{99m}Tc$ liposome was injected through the tail vein of C3H mice bearing fibrosarcoma and biodistribution of $^{99m}Tc$ liposome was evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) We confirmed formation of liposome which was small unillamellar and multilamellar vesicles. 2) In this experiment the optimal concentration of $SnCl_2$ was $156{\mu}g/ml$ to label liposome with $^{99m}Tc$ and labelling efficiency was 95%. 3) The labelled liposome was stable when it was incubated with human serum for 24 hours. Mean labelling efficiency was 94% at 24 hour. 4) The main uptake sites of Tc-99m liposome were liver and spleen. It showed significantly higher uptake than $^{99m}Tc$ HSA (p < 0.001). 5) $^{99m}Tc$ liposome uptake in tumor tissue was not significantly higher than $^{99m}Tc$ HSA uptake. In conclusion, $^{99m}Tc$ liposome disclosed high labelling efficiency and was highly stable. Liver and spleen were main uptake sites of $^{99m}Tc$ liposome. The uptake mechanism of $^{99m}Tc$ liposome also seemed to be different from that of $^{99m}Tc$ HSA. We conclude that $^{99m}Tc$ liposome would be a promising agents for the imaging of some tumor.