• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

Background: In the present study, metabolite profiles of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 from red ginseng or red notoginseng in zebrafish were qualitatively analyzed with ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight MS, and the possible metabolic were pathways proposed. Methods: After exposing to zebrafish for 24 h, we determined the metabolites of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5. The chromatography was accomplished on UPLC BEH C18 column using a binary gradient elution of 0.1% formic acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water. The quasimolecular ions of compounds were analyzed in the negative mode. With reference to quasimolecular ions and MS2 spectra, by comparing with reference standards and matching the empirical molecular formula with that of known published compounds, and then the potential structures of metabolites of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 were acquired. Results: Four and seven metabolites of ginsenoside Rk1 and ginsenoside Rg5, respectively, were identified in zebrafish. The mechanisms involved were further deduced to be desugarization, glucuronidation, sulfation, and dehydroxymethylation pathways. Dehydroxylation and loss of C-17 residue were also metabolic pathways of ginsenoside Rg5 in zebrafish. Conclusion: Loss of glucose at position C-3 and glucuronidation at position C-12 in zebrafish were regarded as the primary physiological processes of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of key factors such as service quality, perceived benefit and brand familiarity on a consumer's intention to order online food delivery (OFD). In addition, mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) between relationships among selected key variables and OFD purchase intention is also assessed. Research design, data and methodology: This explanatory, quantitative study employed convenience sampling and collected data through online structured questionnaire from 304 respondents who are users of OFD apps based in greater Klang valley region of Malaysia. The data was then subjected to normality and reliability assessment followed by confirmatory factor analysis, validity assessment and structural equation modelling using IBM SPSS AMOS 24.0. Results: Findings revealed that service quality, perceived benefits and brand familiarity affects purchase intention positively and significantly. Perceived benefits demonstrated highest impact on purchase intention followed by brand familiarity and service quality. Findings also suggest that e-WOM fully mediates relationship between brand familiarity and purchase intention, however, the same was not observed for remaining two variables. Conclusions: The study has enriched OFD literature by investigating impact of selected key factors on purchase intention in the context of OFD. Implications, limitations and future research avenues are then discussed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.5
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• pp.621-628
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• 2001

SET is one of the useful protocol for credit payment in the Electronic market. Since, the delivery problem is conformed to delivery cooperation not payment problem, the classic SET protocol didn\`t consider about the certification of delivery. But the environment of electronic market be changed to manage the sold, delivery and payment etc.. In this paper, based on this consider, we propose a new SET protocol which has an function to verify the delivery based on SKP and verify it after analyzed by Petri nets. Specially, we consider SKP between Customer, Merchant, and Acquirer for improve the verify function.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

Cationic liposomes complexed with DNA have been extensively utilized for the delivery of reporter or therapeutic genes both in culture and in vivo. We investigated and determined the optimum conditions of a cationic liposome, composed of dimethyldioctadecy-lammonium bromide (DDAB) and dioleoyl phosphati-dylethanolamine UOPE), mediated a reporter plasmid expressing luciferase into insect cell lines (Sf-21 and Bm-N) and silkworm larvae. Together the data demonstrated that Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) genomic DNA (128 kb) was successfully transfected into Bm-5 cells using this liposome. These results suggest that DDAB/DOPE liposome will be useful as delivery agents for gene transfer to insect cells both in vitro and in vivo.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.443-450
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• 2021

The study is devoted to the formation of a economic principles cargo delivery management in global supply chains. Mathematical model of delivering special categories of goods by road is a key element of these principles. The article analyzes the existing studies on solving the problem of cargo delivery in various aspects. It was noted that the greatest attention is paid to legal regulation, last mile delivery, optimization of routes and delivery schemes, information support, technological innovations, cluster routing, etc. In the developed mathematical model a minimum of total costs of forming loading units and freight shipments was defined as the criterion of optimality of organizing delivery by motor transport. The authors propose the creation of logistics clusters allowing the integration of urban transport flows and global supply chains.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2017

The inorganic components in tobacco sheet extract have significant influence on the sensory taste of the cigars and the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. To identify the contributions of the divalent inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made selective electrodialysis was assembled with monovalent ion-selective ion exchange membranes. The influences of current density and extract content on the desalination performance were investigated. Result indicates that the majorities chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were removed, comparing with 50-60% of potassium and only less than 10% of magnesium and calcium ions removed in the investigated current density. The permselectivity of the tested cations across the Selemion CSO cation exchange membranes follows the order: $K^+>Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}$. A current density of $15mA/cm^2$ is an optional choice by considering both the energy consumption and separation efficiency. When the extract contents are in the range of 7%-20%, the removal ratios the potassium ions are kept around 60%, while the removal ratios of the calcium and magnesium ions fluctuate in the range of 16-27% and 8-14%, respectively. The tobacco smoke experiments indicated that the divalent metal ions have dual roles for the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. The divalent potassium and calcium ions were unfavorable for the total particulate matter emission but beneficial to decrease the HCN delivery in the mainstream cigarette smoke. The selective electrodialysis is a robust technology to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2001

The Conditional Access System is the complete system for ensuring that broadcasting services are only accessible to those who are entitled to receive them. Four major parts to this system are scrambling, descrambling, authentication and encryption. For the proper operation, which means hard-to- break and uninterrupted service, secure key management and efficient delivery mechanism are very important design factors to this system. Performance analysis is another important factor to this system that is used in massive subscriber environment. In this thesis, one of the secure and efficient key management mechanisms is proposed. For the secrecy of this mechanism, hierarchical stacking of keys and key generation matrix are proposed. For the proof of efficient delivery of those keys, simulation results and performance analysis. which is based on queuing analysis, are presented. Lastly, optimal key generation and delivery period, maximal and minimal key deliver time, and communication capacity for data collection are presented for various subscriber volume.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 2017

In this era of information and communication technology (ICT), efficient and cost effective public services delivery had become highly expected by the citizen in every country. In developed countries, digitally enabled public services were established in recent years while the developing countries like Bangladesh were trying to establish this advancement. The UNDP, USAID and the Government of Bangladesh launched the Access to Information (A2I) programme to improve the services delivery to reach at the doorsteps of citizen. Under this umbrella, Union Digital Centers (UDCs) were launched in 2009 at every Union of Bangladesh to reduce the "Digital Divide" in public service delivery. Thus, it had become the concern nowadays to make this initiative sustainable for a long run, this study focused to find out some key factor to be considered for making them sustainable in Bangladesh. It explored the previous researches related to these centers and same categories of institutions in other countries where the researchers argued about some issues in different aspects. Based on their findings and discussions, this study tried to analyze the key issues influencing the sustainability factors. To analyze the factors for sustainability, it addressed the financial, investment, business development and publicity, competencies of entrepreneurs, community acceptance and gender issues, institutionalization and physical infrastructure concerned with UDCs. The Government agencies, policy makers, researchers could be consider those recommendations for developing the strategies for sustaining the operations of UDCs in Bangladesh.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-24
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• 2007

This study explores the partnership between government and human service nonprofits in the United States from the perspective of resource dependence theory and extends the theory with system dynamics in order to better explain government-nonprofit service delivery. The article is structured as follows. First, I introduce the historical development of the government-nonprofit partnership in service delivery in the United States. Second, I present an overview of resource dependence theory for government-nonprofit service delivery, including assumptions, key elements, claims, how well it explains the government-nonprofit service delivery, and limitations. Third, I highlight the advantages of system dynamics along with the limitations of resource dependence theory, as an attempt to revise the theory. Finally, I conclude with a summary and suggestions for the next steps in theoretical development and research.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to explore the factors affecting the willingness to pay for chicken delivery services targeting college students. The results of this study provide insights for improving food delivery market services and developing effective marketing strategies. Research design, data and methodology: A survey employing a questionnaire was administered to students at Chungbuk National University over a 10-day period from May 15 to May 24, 2023. Out of 232 distributed surveys, 218 were considered suitable for analysis. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted with the willingness to pay for delivery fees contingent on chicken price, serving as the dependent variable. Results: The main findings are following. First, as the price of chicken increases, the percentage of individuals willing to pay more than 2,000 won for delivery services decreases. Second, regardless of chicken price, males exhibit a lower tendency to bear higher delivery service fees compared to females. Lastly, those who lack awareness of their recent delivery fees or have previously paid charges exceeding 3,000 won demonstrate a greater propensity to pay higher delivery service fees compared to those who have paid fees below 3,000 won. Conclusions: It is essential for chicken sellers to identify key customer segments such as single-person households, and offer pricing and services tailored to their needs and preferences.