• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Lactate and ketone bodies are considered biological markers for ketosis and several inherited metabolic disorders. In the current study, the specific ratios of lactate and ketone bodies as analytical tools for differential diagnosis of various lactic acidosis were devised. The study included a protein precipitation step following tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatisation. Total run time was approximately 30 min including sample preparation and GS/MS analysis. The limits of detection were below 0.1 pg/mL over the targeted 4 analytes. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of $0.001{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$ for pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate ($R^2$ > 0.99). Inter-day accuracy and precision were 87.7~94.8% with RSD of 2.5~5.7% at 2 levels. Absolute recoveries (%) of target analytes were 87.0~98.4%. The method was validated for the quantification of lactate and ketone bodies for differentiation of lactic acidosis.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2015

본 연구는 젖소 35,645두의 검정기록, 총 294,834를 이용하여 1회 착유량과 아세톤 및 ${\beta}$-히드록시부틸산 (BHBA) 함량의 (공)유전력을 추정하기 위하여 수행되었다. 아세톤과 BHBA의 평균 함량은 원유 1리터당 각각 $135.54{\pm}96.29{\mu}mol$과 $61.08{\pm}66.76{\mu}mol$였으며, 상위군과 하위군간 아세톤과 BHBA 함량의 차이는 각각 $6.12{\mu}mol/L$과 $4.35{\mu}mol/L$로서 모두 유의적인 차이(p<0.01)를 나타내었다. 1회 착유량의 유전력은 0.18~0.21, 아세톤 함량은 0.11~0.13과 BHBA 함량은 0.01~0.02의 범위에서 추정되었다. 아세톤과 BHBA의 표현형상관과 유전상관은 각각 0.44와 0.48로 추정되었으며, BHBA 함량이 $500{\mu}mol/L$ 이상부터는 아세톤과의 상관관계가 현저히 낮아지는 현상을 나타내었다. 하위군에서 1회 착유량에 대한 아세톤과 $Log_e$아세톤의 공유전력은 각각 0.02와 0.16으로 추정된 반면, BHBA와 $Log_eBHBA$의 공유전력은 각각 0.26과 0.32로 아세톤의 추정치보다 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 전체자료로 추정된 결과와도 일치하였다. 따라서 아세톤 함량보다는 1회 착유량과 공유전력이 높은 BHBA 함량이 1회 착유량에 대한 선발을 통하여 간접선발 반응을 유도하는데 더 효과적이며, 지시형질로서 바람직하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.687-693
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• 2015

본 연구는 젖소의 검정기록, 378,086개를 이용하여 케토시스 진단 지시형질로 이용되는 유량내 아세톤과 ${\beta}$-히드록시부틸산의 함량에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 분석하였다. 형질별 목장, 비유단계, 산차, 착유시간 및 월령에 대한 유의성 검정 결과 모든 요인들에서 고도의 유의성 (p < 0.01)이 나타났으며, 가장 큰 환경요인은 비유단계였다. 1회 착유량, 아세톤과 ${\beta}$-히드록시부틸산의 함량에 대한 월령의 1차 회귀계수는 모두 정 (+)의 관계, 2차 회귀계수는 부 (-)의 관계를 나타내었으며, 비유 2단계 (36~65일) 비유량의 최소자승평균은 19.06kg으로 비유말기에 비하여 6.51kg 높았다. 아세톤과 ${\beta}$-히드록시부틸산의 함량에 대한 최소자승평균은 비유 1단계 (5~35일)에서 각각 0.1929mM/L과 0.0742mM/L로 가장 높았으며, 착유일수에 따라 감소하다가 비유말기 소폭 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 1산에 대한 아세톤과 ${\beta}$-히드록시부틸산의 함량의 최소자승평균은 각각 0.1414mM/L과 0.0522mM/L로 2차산 이상의 평균보다 높았으며, 오후착유에 대한 아세톤과 ${\beta}$-히드록시부틸산의 함량의 최소자승평균이 각각 0.1372mM/L과 0.0534mM/L로 오전착유보다 일괄적으로 높게 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2022

Postpartum diseases should be predicted to prevent productivity loss before calving especially in organic dairy farms. This study was aimed to investigate the incidence of postpartum metabolic diseases in an organic dairy farm in Korea, to confirm the association between diseases and prepartum blood biochemical parameters, and to evaluate the accuracy of these parameters with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for identifying vulnerable cows. Data were collected from 58 Holstein cows (16 primiparous and 42 multiparous) having calved for 2 years on an organic farm. During a transition period from 4 weeks prepartum to 4 weeks postpartum, blood biochemistry was performed through blood collection every 2 weeks with a physical examination. Thirty-one (53.4%) cows (9 primiparous and 22 multiparous) were diagnosed with at least one postpartum disease. Each incidence was 27.6% for subclinical ketosis, 22.4% for subclinical hypocalcemia, 12.1% for retained placenta, 10.3% for displaced abomasum and 5.2% for clinical ketosis. Between at least one disease and no disease, there were significant differences in the prepartum levels of parameters like body condition score (BCS), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), total bilirubin (T-bil), direct bilirubin (D-bil) and NEFA to total cholesterol (T-chol) ratio (p < 0.05). The ROC analysis of each of these prepartum parameters had the area under the curve (AUC) <0.7. However, the ROC analysis with logistic regression including all these parameters revealed a higher AUC (0.769), sensitivity (71.0%), and specificity (77.8%). The ROC analysis with logistic regression including the prepartum BCS, NEFA, T-bil, D-bil, and NEFA to T-chol ratio can be used to identify cows that are vulnerable to postpartum diseases with moderate accuracy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.436-444
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• 2023

스포츠과학에서 좋은 기록을 달성하기 위해 과학적 훈련, 식단 및 운동수행증진 보조제가 널리 사용되어 왔다. 운동선수가 최고 수준의 경기력을 발휘하기 위해서는 영양학적 전략이 중요하며, 그 중 지구력 운동 수행력을 결정하는 주요 요인 중 하나는 지방대사의 증가라고 할 수 있다. 장기간 운동하는 동안 지방산 대사를 최대화하기 위한 방법으로 케톤 생성 식단(고지방, 저탄수화물)이 제안되었다. 현재까지의 연구들은 케톤 생성 식단의 에너지 생성 가치에 대해 상반된 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 이유로 탄수화물 섭취를 제한하지 않고 영양적 케톤증(아세토아세테이트와 베타-하이드록시뷰티레이트의 급성/일시적 혈중 농도증가)을 얻기 위해 케톤 보충제(케톤 에스테르 및 케톤염)를 사용하는 것이 제안되었다. 일부 연구에서는 심장 및 골격근과 같은 말초 조직에 추가적인 연료 기질 제공, 탄수화물 절약/지방 산화 증가, 간/근육에서 글리코겐 재합성을 증가시켜 운동 후 회복에 케톤 보충제가 지구력 운동 수행에 유익한 효과를 보여주었다. 그러나 많은 연구에서 케톤 보충제가 운동수행능력 보조제로서의 유익한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재까지의 운동 수행 및 회복 그리고 골격근 단백질 대사와 관련된 선행연구들의 케톤 보충제의 증명된 효과와 운동수행능력 증진 보조제로서의 가능성을 분석하고자 하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2011

A Spitz (5-years old, castrated male) and a Maltese (9-years old, castrated male) were presented with weight loss, polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD) and depression. Diabetic ketosis was diagnosed based on clinical signs, physical examinations and screening tests (CBC, serum chemistry and urinalysis). The dogs were treated with NPH initially. However, NPH was inadequate to control blood glucose level due to the short duration of the action (< 5 hours). Because of the poor glycemic control with NPH, the dogs showed diabetic complications including weight loss and cataract. After change to glargine, the duration of insulin action was extended up to 11 hours. As a result, there was significant improvement in clinical signs and serum fructosamine concentrations. This study suggests that glargine is useful as a long-acting insulin in dogs which have poor glycemic control due to the short duration of NPH.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism have improved substantially the prognosis of many of these diseases, if diagnosed early enough before irreversible damage occurs. This makes it essential that the practicing pediatrician, especially neonatologists be familliar with the clinical presentations and systematic approaches of these disorders. Characteristic clinical presentations, methods of systematic approach and typing of various disorders is discussed in this review. The signs of neurological dysfunctions of many IEMs manifesting in the neonatal period is very nonspecific, such as poor feeding, poor sucking, apnea or tachypnea, vomiting, hypertonia, hypotonia, seizure, letharginess, consciousness change and coma. Many other non-metabolic severe disorders of neonatal period such as neonatal sepsis and intracerebral hemorrhage share these nonspecific symptoms. Hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, ketosis and hyperlatic acidemia are observed in many of these conditions but there are exceptions in which conditions all basal laboratory tests are normal, such as NKH, sulfite oxidase deficiency and peroxisomal disorders. According to the results of basal laboratory tests, IEMs in the neonatal period can be categorized in to 6 types. Grouping of IEMs into 6 types will make confirmatory tests and early emergency treatment more efficient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2010

Complete oxidation of fatty acid in the liver of ketotic cows was investigated. Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose concentrations were measured using biochemical techniques. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPT II), 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) and oxaloacetic acid (OAA) concentrations in the liver were detected by ELISA. Serum glucose was lower in ketotic cows than controls (p<0.05). Serum BHBA and NEFA concentrations were higher in ketotic cows than controls (p<0.05). OAA, CPT II, and HAD contents in the liver of ketotic cows were lower than in controls (p<0.05). There were negative correlations between serum NEFA concentration and OAA, CPT II and HAD, but no correlation between serum BHBA concentration and capacity for complete oxidation of fatty acid. Overall, the capacity for complete fatty acid oxidation in the liver of ketotic cows might have been decreased. High serum NEFA concentrations may be unfavorable factors for the pathway of complete oxidation of fatty acid in the liver.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2003

This survey was performed to investigate frequency of clinical disease in Holstein dairy cattle and Korean native cattle in Chungbuk region of Korea. This study was conducted with the veterinary clinical charts recorded by veterinarians in an animal hospital for 387 Holstein herds(14,701$\pm$1,766 head) and 180 Korean native cattle herds(1,440$\pm$786 head) from October 1998 to September 2001. The prevalent disease classes in Holstein dairy cattle were digestive systems(26.84%), reproductive system(22.48%), locomotor system(21.43%) and metabolic disorders(10.08%). The locomotor diseases were increased with 1st year, 16.27%, 2nd year, 20.93% and 3rd year, 27.08%. The dieases of digestive and reproductive system occurred frequently in winter season(30.01%, 26.03% respectively) and the disease frequency of locomotor system were very high in fall(28.44%). The predominant diseases of Holstein dairy cattle were : claw overgrowth(13.58%), indigestion(11.23%), functional infertility(8.77%), metritis(8.28%), foot diseases(7.35%), LDA (6.57%) and ketosis(5.76%). The prevalent disease classes in Korean native cattle were digestive system(43.80%), respiratory system(28.11%) and reproductive system(10.69%). Seasonally, digestive diseases occurred frequently in spring (51.55%), whereas respiratory diseases occurred frequently in winter (39.60%). The predominant diseases in Korean native cattle were calf diarrhea(32.03%), calf pneumonia(21.79%), indigestion(8.26%), dystocia(7.65%) and pneumonia(5.90%).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.394-400
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the environmental factors affecting milk ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and acetone (Ac) concentrations in Holstein cattle. A total of 264,221 test-day records collected from the Korea Animal Improvement Association (KAIA) during the period of 2012 to 2014 were used in this study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the factors significantly affecting ketone body concentrations. Parameters considered in the model were season of test, season of calving, parity, lactation stage, and milk collecting time (AM and PM). According to the ANOVA, the $R^2$ for milk BHBA and Ac were 0.5226 and 0.4961, respectively. 'Season of test' showed a considerable influence on ketone body concentration. Least square (LS) means for milk BHBA concentrations was the lowest ($39.04{\mu}M$) in winter while it increased up to $62.91{\mu}M$ in summer. But Ac concentration did not significantly change along with 'season of test'. The means of milk BHBA and Ac concentrations were high at first lactation stage, low around second lactation stage, and then gradually increased. Cows milked in the morning had lower mean BHBA and Ac concentrations ($48.49{\mu}M$ and $121.69{\mu}M$, respectively) in comparison to those milked in the evening ($53.46{\mu}M$ and $130.42{\mu}M$, respectively). The LS means of BHBA and Ac slightly increased over parities. These results suggest that proper maintenance of milk collection, herd management programs, and evaluation of ketone body levels in milk should be considered for the efficient management of resistance to ketosis.