• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 1994

Incidence of Rhizoctonia blight ranged from 22.2% to 100% in the golf courses at six geographical locations in Korea from 1989 to 1993. Rhizoctonia blight occurred more severly in southern area than in northern area. Fifty seven isolates of Rhizoctonia solani obtained from diseased parts of zoysiagrasses were grouped to AG2-2 by anastomosis test. Pathogenicity testes revealed that this pathogen was strongly pathogenic to Korean lawngrasses(Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella, Z. tenuifolia), but not pathogenic to creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris), bermuldagrass(Cynodon dactylon), Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis), perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenne), and creeping red fescue(Festuca rubra subsp. rubra L.). The isolation frequency of R. solani AG2-2 fro sheaths of the infected plants was the highest by 91.67%, and that from stolons and roots was 11.13% and 5.63% respectively. The pathogen was not isolated from the leaves. Population density of R. solani in the lawn of large circular patch was highest on surface soils down to 1 cm deep with the value of 4.9$\times$104 (CFU/g soil), but below 1 cm population density decreased sharply down to 0.8~9.8$\times$103 (CFU/g soil). Horizontal distribution of propagules in turfgrass soil was higher in the margin than in center of patch, where the number of propagules was similar to these of healthy looking soils close to the margin of diseased patch. The meteorological factors influencing the outbreak of the disease were temperature, the number of rainy days and precipitation. Optimum temperature for disease development of Rhizoctonia blight in field was 20~22$^{\circ}C$, and that for hyphal growth of R. solani AG2-2 in vitro was 25~3$0^{\circ}C$. In Pusan area, Rhizoctonia blight first occurred in late April and rapidly developed in late June. The disease slightly decreased during July to August and developed again in late September in 1993. The monthly disease progress in Pusan area was similar to that in Kyeonggi province.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.235-252
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• 1995

Turfgrass Rhizoctonia blight is a severe disease in golf courses in Korea. Attempts were made in 1989 to 1994 to identify the Rhizoctonia species associated with turfgrass blights and also to examine their epidemiology. A total of 120 Rhizoctonia isolates collected were identified as R. solani AG1, R. solani AG2-2, R. cerealis(AG-D) and R. oryzas from brown patch, large patch, yellow patch and white patch, re-spectively. R. solani AG1 was mostly associated with brown patch of cool-season grasses. and most frequently isolated in June through July and also in September. R. solani AG2-2 was isolated exclusively from zoysiagrasses from April to November, most frequently in June through July and October through November. R. cerealis was isolated frequently from both creeping hentgrass in March through April and in November, and zoysiagrass in April and July. Thermophilic R. oryzae was isolated only from creeping bentgrass in August, although with very low frequency. R. solani AG2-2 was strongly pathogenic specifically to Korean lawngrasses(Zoysia japonica, Z.matrella, Z. tenuifolia), but non-pathogenic to creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis), perennial ryegrass(Lolium prenne), and creeping red fescue(Festuca rubra subsp. ruhra L.). R. cerealis was strongly pathogenic to zoysiagrass and bentgrass only, but was isolate-specific i.e., from non-pathogenic to pathogenic, for other turfgrasses. The mycelial growth was optimum at relatively high temperature ranges of 25~30$^{\circ}C$ for R.solani AG1, AG2-2 and R. oryzae, while the mycelial growth of R. cerealis was initiated at $^{\circ}C$ and almost ceased at or above $^{\circ}C$.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.272-276
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• 2005

[ $C_{70}$ ]-gold nanoparticle multilayer films were self-assembled using a 'dirt-ball' method on the reactive surface of glass slides functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The functionalized glass slides were soaked in the solution containing both unmodified $C_{70}$ and ${\omega}$-amino-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Organic reaction (amination) facilitated the assembly of multilayer $C_{70}$-gold nanoparticle films, which have grown up to several layers. Chemical stability of $C_{70}$-gold nanoparticle films was studied by monitoring the changes in absorbance after the immersion of the films in acidic solution. In addition, ultrasonic stability of these nanoparticle films was studied by exposing them to ultrasonic irradiated surrounding, which resulted in partial desorption and a little aggregation of nanoparticles on solid surfaces.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.546-552
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• 2022

Epidermal cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), which has been considered as a cancer vaccine candidate. The EpCAM protein fused to the fragment crystallizable region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) tagged with KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (EpCAM-FcK) has been successfully expressed in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) and purified from the plant leaf. In this study, we investigated the ability of the plant-derived EpCAM-FcK (EpCAM-FcK^P) to elicit an immune response in vivo. The animal group injected with the EpCAM-FcK^P showed a higher differentiated germinal center (GC) B cell population (~9%) compared with the animal group injected with the recombinant rhEpCAM-Fc chimera (EpCAM-Fc^M). The animal group injected with EpCAM-FcK^P (~42%) had more differentiated T follicular helper cells (Tfh) than the animal group injected with EpCAM-Fc^M (~7%). This study demonstrated that the plant-derived EpCAM-FcK fusion antigenic protein induced a humoral immune response in mice.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.387-398
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• 2022

Objective: Controlling the incisal inclination is fundamental in orthodontics. However, the relationship between the inclination prescription and its clinical outcome is not obvious, and the incisal inclination changes generated by different bracket prescriptions were investigated. Methods: Twenty-eight non-extraction dental Class II patients (15 females, 13 males; mean age = 12.9) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were treated using passive self-ligating fixed appliances with three inclination prescriptions for maxillary incisors (high, standard, low), and two for mandibular incisors (standard, low). Clinical outcomes were compared among different prescriptions, and regression analysis was used to explain the effects of bracket prescriptions and to understand the prescription selection criteria (α = 0.05). Results: For maxillary central incisors, low and high prescriptions were related to linguoversion (p = 0.046) and labioversion (p = 0.005), respectively, while standard prescription maintained the initial dental inclination. Maxillary lateral incisors did not show significant changes. For mandibular incisors, low prescription led to linguoversion (p = 0.005 for central incisors, p = 0.010 for lateral incisors), while standard prescription led to labioversion (p = 0.045 for central incisors, p = 0.005 for lateral incisors). The factors affecting inclination changes were the imposed change and selected prescription, while prescription selection was influenced by the initial dental inclination and initial intercanine distance. Conclusions: The direction of correction of incisal inclination can be controlled by choosing a certain prescription, but the final inclination may show limited consistency with it. The amount of imposed inclination change was the most relevant predictor of the clinical outcome.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Spatial patterns of soil temperature on sloping lands are related to the amount of solar irradiance at the surface. Since soil temperature is a critical determinant of many biological processes occurring in the soil, an accurate prediction of soil temperature distribution could be beneficial to agricultural and environmental management. However, at least two problems are identified in soil temperature prediction over natural sloped surfaces. One is the complexity of converting solar irradiances to corresponding soil temperatures, and the other, if the first problem could be solved, is the difficulty in handling large volumes of geo-spatial data. Recent developments in geographic information systems (GIS) provide the opportunity and tools to spatially organize and effectively manage data for modeling. In this paper, a simple model for conversion of solar irradiance to soil temperature is developed within a GIS environment. The irradiance-temperature conversion model is based on a geophysical variable consisting of daily short- and long-wave radiation components calculated for any slope. The short-wave component is scaled to accommodate a simplified surface energy balance expression. Linear regression equations are derived for 10 and 50 cm soil temperatures by using this variable as a single determinant and based on a long term observation data set from a horizontal location. Extendability of these equations to sloped surfaces is tested by comparing the calculated data with the monthly mean soil temperature data observed in Iowa and at 12 locations near the Tennessee - Kentucky border with various slope and aspect factors. Calculated soil temperature variations agreed well with the observed data. Finally, this method is applied to a simulation study of daily mean soil temperatures over sloped corn fields on a 30 m by 30 m resolution. The outputs reveal potential effects of topography including shading by neighboring terrain as well as the slope and aspect of the land itself on the soil temperature.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2021

The Local Volume Mapper(LVM) project in the fifth iteration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-V) will produce large integral-field spectroscopic survey data to understand the physical conditions of the interstellar medium in the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds, and other local-volume galaxies. We are developing the LVM Instrument control software. The architecture design of the software follows a hierarchical structure in which the high-level software packages interact with the low-level and mid-level software and hardware components. We adopt the spiral software development model in which the software evolves by iteration of sequential processes, i.e., software requirement analysis, design, code generation, and testing. This spiral model ensures that even after being commissioned, the software can be revised according to new operational requirements. We designed the software by using the Unified Modeling Language, which can visualize functional interactions in structure diagrams. We plan to use the SDSS software framework CLU for the interaction between components, based on the RabbitMQ that implemented the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.38.4-39
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• 2021

The Local Volume Mapper (LVM), for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V, consists of four 16 cm telescopes with three fiber spectrographs in the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. With the fixed telescopes on optical tables, the Alt-Alt mounted siderostats point and guide targets during spectrograph exposures. We are developing the integrated LVM instrument control software. Considering international travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, we decided to make a simplified version of siderostat to test the LVM telescope control system in Korea. The prototype siderostat consists of two aluminum flat mirrors, optomechanical housing structures made by aluminum profiles, and the Planewave L-350 mount. We designed the optical mirrors and the optomechanical structure of the siderostat. From structural analysis at various pointing cases, we estimated the tilt misalignments of mirrors within 4 arcsec, which would affect the telescope pointing errors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 2023

Pasture formation and management are crucial to avoid yield reduction. This experiment aimed to examine the effects of tall fescue-centered mixed-seeding combinations on yield and vegetation changes in perennial pastures in the central region for two years, from September 2020 to October 2022. The treatments were arranged in three replications in a randomized block design: control (C), tall fescue-based mixture-1 (T-1), and tall fescue-based mixture-2 (T-2). The tall fescue (TF), orchard grass (OG), perennial ryegrass (PRG), Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), and white clover (WC) were used. The emergency rate of grasses (70.0 to 73.3%) did not differ among mixed seeding combinations. Overwintering rates (81.7 to 83.3%) were similar among treatments. The plant height of grasses was similar at each harvest date, with the highest height (86.2 cm) recorded in the second harvest of the first year, followed by that (58.4 cm) in the third harvest of the first year; it was least (38.9 cm) in the fourth harvest of the second year. There was no significant difference in the dry matter yield of grasses among the mixed seeding combination treatments in the first, third, or fourth harvests of the first year (p>0.05). For second-year grasses, dry matter yield was not significantly different in harvest date among the treatments (p>0.05). Based on mixed seeding ratio, orchard grass showed the highest yield at 70% in the C treatment, followed by tall fescue at 80% and 60% in the T-1 and T-2 treatments, respectively, in the first harvest after seeding. There was no significant difference in feed value between treatments (p>0.05), but a significant difference was observed between the third and fourth harvest (p<0.05). Therefore, it indicated that it is important to create perennial pastures in the central region through mixed seeding combinations centered on tall fescue.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2022

Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in screening for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A total of 612 females and 588 males aged 45 to 75 years were enrolled in CTC screening. CTC was performed following standard bowel preparation and colonic insufflation with carbon dioxide. The main outcomes were the detection rate of CRC and advanced adenoma (AA), prevalence of colorectal lesions in relation to socio-demographic and health factors, and overall diagnostic performance of CTC. Results: Overall, 56.5% of the 1,200 invited subjects underwent CTC screening. The sensitivity for CRC and AA was 0.89 and 0.97, respectively, while the specificity was 0.71 and 0.99, respectively. The prevalence of CRC and AA was 3.0% (18/593) and 7.1% (42/593), respectively, with the highest CRC prevalence in the 66-75 age group (≥12 times; odds ratio [OR], 12.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.45-32.92). CRC and AA prevalence were inversely correlated with Asian descent, physical activity, and negative fecal immunochemical test results (OR=0.43; 95% CI, 0.22-0.83; OR=0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.68; OR=0.5; 95% CI, 0.07-3.85, respectively). Conclusions: Our study revealed high accuracy of CTC in diagnosing colonic neoplasms, good compliance with CTC screening, and high detection rate of CRC.