• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.112-118
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• 1999

Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolated from Korea, Japan and U.S.A. were used for electrophoretic karyotype (EK) analysis. Chromosome separations on FastLane agarose gels (FMC BioProducts, Rockland, ME), called pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), were performed by CHEF-DRII apparatus (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Melville, NY) using TAE as a running buffer. To obtain optimal condition for separation of chromosome sized DNAs, variable running conditions such as field strengths, swithching intervals, and running time were applied in CHEF gel electrophoresis. We were able to resolve 9 to 11 chromosome sized DNAs ranging in size from 0.76 to 6.41 Mb in isolates from Korea and estimate that the total genome size was ranging from 35.29 to 38.92 Mb. Distinct differences in length range and genome size exist among isolates from different countries. Isolates from Japan and U.S.A. were resolved 9 to 11 chromosome sized DNAs ranging in size from 1.24 to 6.85 Mb and estimated that the total genome size was ranging from 35.32 to 43.87 Mb. Isolates from variable provinces in Korea had the same or similar chromosomal polymorphism and showed different chromosomal DNA patterns compared to isolates from the other countries.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.228-234
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• 1997

This study was carried out to confirm the taxonomical status by comparison of morphological and chromosomal charateristics and cross breeding in the two types of black and yellow body color of Korean mandarin fish, Siniperca sherzeri from Han River, Korea. Black and yellow types of Korean mandarin fish were similar in having 90-98 lateral line scale pores, 13 dorsal fin rays and XII XIII spines, 9 anal fin rays and 15 pectoral fin rays, but yellow type was differ from blacks type by yellow body color pattern. Diploid chromosome and arm number (fundamental number, NF) of the two types were the same to 2n=48 and NF=52. Karyotypes in the two types are consisted of 2 pairs submetacentric chromosome and 22 pairs of acro and/or telocentric chromosome. The black type females of Siniperca scherzeri were artificially crossed with yellow type males and black type males, respectively. The progenies from each cross breeding produced the normal individuls that possessed with parent types in the body color pattern. These data suggest that two types of Korean mandarin fish were same species, and yellow type was mutant by albino.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.140-143
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• 2007

Cytogenetic analyses of an endemic species, Coreoleuciscus splendidus (Cyprinidae) was performed including erythrocyte measurement, chromosome count and karyotyping, nucleolar organizing region (NOR) banding and flow cytometric analysis of genome size. C. splendidus had the same modal chromosome number of 2n = 48 between sexes, however, displayed a sex-related dimorphism in their chromosome karyotypes. Males represented a pair of heteromorphic chromosomes which couldn‘t be seen in any female individuals, indicating that the sex determination mechanism of this species should be a typical XX-XY based male heterogamety (female=10M+6SM+8A+XX vs male=10M+6SM+8A+XY). Other cytogenetic features such as Ag-NORs located in a pair of acrocentric chromosomes, estimated nuclear volume ($28{\mu}m^3$) and cellular DNA content (2.4 pg/cell) suggest that genetic recombination might be the main driving force responsible for the evolution of this species rather than the polyploidy-based evolutionary process as in many other Cyprinidae species.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

Propose: To analyze the indications and cytogenetic results of midtrimester amniocentesis. Material and Methods: This study reviewed 2,523 cases of midtrimester prenatal genetic amniocentesis performed at MizMedi Hospital between January 2000 and December 2007. Results: The most frequent indication for midtrimester amniocentesis was advanced maternal age (45.9%), followed by positive serum markers (29.9%). Chromosomal aberrations were diagnosed in 110 cases (4.4%), for which numerical aberration accounted for 38 cases (34.5%), structural aberration accounted for 65 cases (59.1%), and mosaicism accounted for 7 cases (6.4%). Among the autosomal aberrations, there were 20 cases of trisomy 21 and 8 cases of trisomy 18. With respect to structural aberrations, there were 14 cases of reciprocal translocation and 8 cases of robertsonian translocation. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations according to the indication were highest in individuals with a family history of chromosome abnormality 14.0% (8/57) followed by previous congenital anomaly 5.9% (2/34). Conclusion: Midtrimester amniocentesis is an effective tool for prenatal diagnosis. Indications such as advanced maternal age, maternal serum markers, and ultrasound are important for predicting abnormal fetal karyotypes.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2008

Purpose : The ability to perform chromosome analysis of cryopreserved cord blood mononuclear cells is important for future retrospective studies. We compared the karyotypes of cryopreserved cells with cells before cryopreservation. Methods : One cord blood (CB) sample was obtained from normal healthy volunteer. Karyotype analysis was performed before cryopreservation. After mononuclear cell separation with Ficoll-Hypaque, the mononuclear cells were cryopreserved by programmed controlled-rate freezer and then transferred into the liquid nitrogen ($-196^{\circ}C$) for 3 days. After rapid thawing, cytogenetic analysis was performed as the same method for each sample by different conditions. The samples were divided by three groups. The first group was no culture before cryopreservation, the second group was 72 hours culture before cryopreservation, but no 24 hours culture after thawing and the third group was 72 hours culture before cryopreservation and 24 hours culture after thawing. Results : The chromosome analysis was successful in the second and third groups of CB sample. Conclusion : The successful result from CB samples may suggest the usefulness of long-term cryopreservation for retrospective study in various clinical settings including hematologic malignancies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2009

The chromosome morphology of two Korean Lactuca (L. indica, L. triangulata) is reported herein. The chromosome number and karyotype of a naturalized plant, L. scariola are reported for the first time. The basic chromosome number was x = 9. Polyploid forms were not recorded. The karyotypes of L. indica, L. scariola, and L. triangulata were 2 n = 18 = 2 m+ 7 sm, 2 n = 18 = 1 m + 6 sm+ 2 st, 2 n = 18 = 2 m + 5 sm+ 2 st, respectively. Both L. indica and L. triangulata had satellites at the ends of their short arms. The haploid genome lengths of L. indica, L.scariola, and L. triangulata were $56.3{\mu}m$, $35.3{\mu}m$, and $72.5{\mu}m$ respectively. Each chromosome length of naturalized L. scariola was $2.7-5.2{\mu}m$; the smallest among Korean Lactuca. The chromosome lengths of L. indica and L. triangulata were $4.7-7.6{\mu}m$ and $2.9-7.9{\mu}m$, respectively. The karyotype of L. scariola differed from that of L.indica and L.triangulata both of which belong to sect. Tuberosae. Therefore, L. scariola is thought to belong to sect. Lactuca subsect. Lactuca.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.568-572
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• 2012

Determination of ploidy level for the mother plant is prerequisite for effective breeding. The study was carried out to determine the ploidy level in 7 different plant materials by FISH karyotype analysis. Among the seven plant varieties analyzed, all exhibit tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) based on the results observed in chromosome analysis. Four signals of 45S rDNAs were detected on the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 7. The length of somatic metaphase chromosomes ranges from 1.67 to $2.67{\mu}m$ in 'Alexandra', 1.40 to $2.04{\mu}m$ in 'Freud', 1.64 to 2.24 in 'Little Silver', 1.69 to $2.26{\mu}m$ in 'Teresa', 1.70 to $2.65{\mu}m$ in 'Tineke', 1.35 to $2.08{\mu}m$ in 'Vital', 1.39 to $2.04{\mu}m$ in 'Yellow Mimi'. Total length of the chromosome ranges from $11.23{\mu}m$ in 'Freud' as minimum to $15.05{\mu}m$ in 'Alexandra' as maximum. The karyotypes were composed of metacentric, submetacentric, and subtelocentric chromosome but there is no subtelocentric chromosome.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The present study was carried out to establish the standard karyotype of the Korean Native Chicken and to find their chromosomal band markers using high-resolution banding technique. Chromosome analysis was performed on early chick embryos following in vitro culture of fertilized eggs of the yellow-brown and the red-brown lines of the Korean Native Chicken which had been established at National Livestock Research Institute. The high-resolution banding of the chromosome was achieved by treating the embryos with ethidium bromide and colchicine during culture. On GTG-banding, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited a typical chick banding pattern in all the macrochromosomes. Overall chromosomal morphology and positions of typical landmarks of the Korean Native Chicken were virtually identical to those of White Leghorn and International System for Standardized Avian Karyotypes(ISSAK). However, the lengths and G-band numbers of the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes were greater than those of White Leghorn and ISSAK. Especially in chromosomes 1 and Z, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited more separated bands in compared with ISSAK. In C-banding patterns, although a lot of observed cells had C-band polymorphic patterns, almost the Korean Native Chicken macrochromosomes had heterochromatic C-band on centromeres and/or near terminal part. However, the heterochromatic C-band was constantly observed at the end of q-arm of Z chromosomes and on the whole W chromosome. In addition, the Korean Native Chicken exhibited distinctive heteromorphic patterns of C-bands on the centromere of chromosome 3 and at the end of q-arm of Z chromosome between homologous chromosomes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

lntergeneric hybrids formed between Aspergillus niger and Penicillium verruculosum were obtained by nuclear transfer technique. Nuclei isolated from wild type and auxotrophic mutants of donor strains were transferred into the protoplasts of different auxotrophic mutants as recipient strains. Several auxotrophic mutants were isolated from conidiospores of the two strains mutagenized with ultraviolet and N-methyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine. Optimal conditions for formation of intergeneric hybrids were investigated. Frequencies of intergeneric hybrid formation by nuclear transfer were $7{\times}10^{5}~1{\times}10^{5}$. From observations of genetic stability. DNA content. nuclear stain and conidial size. it was suggested that their karyotypes are aneuploid. In addition. the hybrids possess the 1.1~2.3-fold higher cellulase activities than those of parental strains. It was also revealed that some hybrids had different isozyme patterns compared to those of parental strains by CMCase and $\beta$-glucosidase activity assays.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 1994

Samples of Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus borberi ) from Korea were analyzed by multivariate, air-drying , and blot-hybridization methods in order to determine the degree of variations of morphological characters, chromosomal karyotype, and mtDNA restriction fragment patterns, respectively, Moreover, morphometric characters of samples of Siberian chipmunks from Manchuria(T.sibiricus orientalis) were also analyzed in order to clarify the taxonomic status of the subspecies barberi. Siberian chipmunks from six localities in Korea were in morphometric characters more or less similar with one another and Siberian chipmunks from Manchuria were not so distinct enough to from a subgroup. Siberian chipmunks from Four localities in Korea were identical in their karyotypes (2n=38) : samples from three localities in Korea were nore or less similar in their mtDNA fragment patterns. Siberian chipmunks from Korea appeared to be a omogeneous population and as noted by Corbet (1978) subspecies barberi is the synonym of subspecies orientalis. The scientific name of Siberian chipmunks from Korea and Manchuria is T. sibiricus orientalis, although systematic studies with the samples from North korea, Manchuria and China will be necessary for their taxonomic reconsideration.