• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.9 s.170
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• pp.727-735
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• 2006

It is well known that sediment particles introduced in open-channel turbulent flows change mean velocity profile, since Vanoni suggested the reduction of the Karman constant in 1946. However, how the sediment particles take such a role and what parameters would be changed have been debated up to now. Some researchers, on the other hand, have insisted that the constant would not be changed regardless of introducing sediment particles. The present study is a careful re-evaluation of the previous studies on this issue. The study revealed some questionable approaches or methods in the decision of the previous researches and found the reason why this issue has been debated for a long time. The result indicated that the Karman number is reduced by adding sediment particles, but the amount of reduction is much smaller than the previous researches insisted. Finally, the present study proposes a mechanism of the Karman number reduction due to sediment particles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.357-361
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• 2005

부유사 입자를 난류 흐름 중에 투입하면 유속의 연직 분포를 다소간 변화시키는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 1946년에 Vanoni가 Karman 상수의 감소를 제안한 이후 이것은 상당한 논쟁을 불러 왔다. 본 연구에서는 입자 추적유속계(PTV)를 이용하여 개수로 중의 난류와 유사의 속도를 직접 측정하고, 이 자료를 분석하여 부유사 입자가 개수로 난류의 유속 분포에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가를 구명하였다. 또한 기존의 연구의 측정 자료들과 그들의 주장을 재검토하였다. 분석 결과 부유사 입자는 Karman 상수를 다소 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 감소 현상은 물과 유사의 상대적인 속도 분포로 설명할 수 있다. 다만 Karman상수의 감소 정도는 종래의 연구자들이 주장한 것보다 상당히 작다. 이처럼 차이가 나는 이유는 종래의 연구들이 Karman 상수의 산정 방법이나 이용한 자료의 선택에서 문제가 있었기 때문이다. 또한, 난류 중에 투입된 부유사는 마찰 속도에는 그다지 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1148-1154
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• 2011

In this paper, the radiation properties of a Ka-band Von Karman radome are analyzed by using an IPO(Iterative PO) scheme. Since the operating frequency is very high, and the size of the considered radome is large, a numerical method cannot be directly applied to calculate the properties of the radome such as transmission loss, radome pattern, boresight error, etc. Hence, in this paper, an IPO scheme is used, which can efficiently consider the multiple interaction inside the radome. Also, the IPO scheme is based on the PO scheme, which is efficient and fast in a numerical point of view. The proposed scheme is verified based on Ku-band measurement data, and its feasibility for applicability to a higher frequency simulation is addressed through a simulation at the Ka-band.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 1991

An interaction of turbulent boundary layer and local roughness effects was evaluated to investigate the shear frictional coefficient in diffuser. Clauser roughness function was applied to Karman's integral equation for governing equation. The roughness of overall and local diffuser surfaces were calculated using Cole's wall and wake law and Clauser's roughness function for turbulent boundary layer characteristics. The calculating results were compared with the experimental results of other paper. It shows some significant improyements for shear frictional coefficient. Computer code was then used to confirm the behavior of local frictional coefficient along with diffuser roughness surface for some reduction of shear flow stress.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.739-749
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• 2007

The seismic velocity at the formation varies widely with physical properties in the layers. These features on seismic shot gathers are not capable of reproducing normally by numerical modeling of homogeneous medium, so that we need that of random inhomogeneous medium instead. In this study, we conducted Gaussian autocorrelation function (ACF), exponential autocorrelation function and von Karman autocorrelation function for getting inhomogeneous velocity model and applied a simple geological model. According to the results, von Karman autocorrelation function showed short wavelength to the inhomogeneous velocity medium. For numerical modeling for a gas hydrate, we determined a geological model based on field data set gathered in the East sea. The numerical modeling results showed that the von Karman autocorrelation function could properly describe scattering phenomena in the gas hydrate velocity model which contains an inhomogeneous layer. Besides, bottom-simulating-reflectors and scattered waves which appear at seismic shot gather of the field data showed properly in the inhomogeneous numerical modeling.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.607-612
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• 2001

Based on the flow characteristics around a piercing cylinder, a free surface-flow velocitmetry which can be used in extremely harsh environment such as molten steel flow was developed. The velocimetry is consisted of finite length cylinder, load detecting elastic plate, electric signal transducer and data acquisition H/W and S/W. Using such a velocimetry, two velocity measurement schemes were established which one is flow resistance detecting scheme and the other is Karman Vortex frequency detecting scheme. For calibration of each scheme, realistic flow water model was used and in followings, detailed calibration processes were explained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 1995

A nonlinear dynamic modeling method for simply supported structures undergoing large overall motion is suggested. The modeling method employs Rayleigh-Ritz mode technique and Von Karman nonlinear strain measures. Numerical study shows that the suggested modeling method provides qualitatively different results from those of the Classical Linear Cartesian modeling method. Especially, natural frequency variations and residual deformation due to membrane strain effects are observed in the numerical results obtained by the suggested modeling method.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.846-856
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• 2001

An experimental study has been made to investigate the effect on wake flow and vortex shedding frequency by vortex stabilizer in Karman vortex type air flow sensor. The conditions investigated include 3 types of shapes and 3 types of separation distances of the vortex stabilizer. The phase averaged technique and smoke-wire flow visualization method are used to understand the detail information. The rolling up position of shear layer is fixed by the influence of the vortex stabilizer. Especially, the convex type vortex stabilizer has shown the more stable repeatability and linearity regarding the vortex shedding frequency compared to the other types.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.55-66
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• 1992

The energy and momentum coefficients ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ are measures of homogenerity of velocity distribution in a chanel section. They indicate the effect of energy and momentum transport. However, in most practical applications, they are assumed to be unity due to the difficulty in estimating them. Efforts have been made in this study to estimate these coefficients and to develop equations for practical applications. The Prandtl-von Karman logarithmic equation as being used today has limitations and far-reaching assumptions. Therefore, this paper uses Chiu's velocity distribution equation which seems to be capable of serving as such an alternative, to estimate the velocity distribution and the energy and momentum coefficients, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ results are compared with those computed by other existing equations. For practical applications, this paper also uses Chiu's equation along with the Mannig's equation to calculate ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ without velocity data

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 2002

An explicit direct time integration method based solution algorithm is proposed to predict dynamic postbuckling response of thin plates. Based on the von Karman's plate equations and Marquerre's shallow shell theory, a rectangular plate finite element is formulated and utilized in this study. The element formulation takes into account geometrical nonlinearity and initial deflection of plates. The solution algorithm employs the central difference method. Using the computer program developed by the authors, dynamic postbuckling behavior of elastic thin plates under impact loading is investigated by considering the time variation of load and load duration. The efficiency of the proposed solution algorithm is examined through illustrative numerical examples.