• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2023

This study was conducted to calculate the damage of Italian ryegrass (IRG) by abnormal climate using machine learning and present the damage through the map. The IRG data collected 1,384. The climate data was collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration Meteorological data open portal.The machine learning model called xDeepFM was used to detect IRG damage. The damage was calculated using climate data from the Automated Synoptic Observing System (95 sites) by machine learning. The calculation of damage was the difference between the Dry matter yield (DMY)_normal and DMY_abnormal. The normal climate was set as the 40-year of climate data according to the year of IRG data (1986~2020). The level of abnormal climate was set as a multiple of the standard deviation applying the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard. The DMY_normal was ranged from 5,678 to 15,188 kg/ha. The damage of IRG differed according to region and level of abnormal climate with abnormal temperature, precipitation, and wind speed from -1,380 to 1,176, -3 to 2,465, and -830 to 962 kg/ha, respectively. The maximum damage was 1,176 kg/ha when the abnormal temperature was -2 level (+1.04℃), 2,465 kg/ha when the abnormal precipitation was all level and 962 kg/ha when the abnormal wind speed was -2 level (+1.60 ㎧). The damage calculated through the WMO method was presented as an map using QGIS. There was some blank area because there was no climate data. In order to calculate the damage of blank area, it would be possible to use the automatic weather system (AWS), which provides data from more sites than the automated synoptic observing system (ASOS).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Rural Planning Conference
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• 1998.03a
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• pp.27-30
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• 1998

In today's rural area, diverse community has formed with the progress of urbanization, congestion, underpopulation, and aging according to the change of socio-economic conditions. In this situation, local residents are cooperating to overcome many problems about rural society. That is, various counterplans are established to induce the forming of new ural society in the aim for the development of rural area and promotion project of rural area. In this text, the effects for events of rural society and future directions are suggested by studying the case of Pyongchang, Kangwon-Do.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2022

This study investigated a differences in grade (G), academic performance (AP), and household income (HI) on adolescents' stress (S), peer relationship (PR), and depression (D) in the coal mine area. The study method was to measure S, PR and D according to different of G, AP, HI for 87 middle school students located in Taebaek and Samcheok Dogye area. As a result, there were significant differences in PR in the 2^nd G, and significant differences were shown in PR and D according to HI and AP. Based on these results, it is necessary to expand the support program for PR of middle school students in the coal mine area, and to develop and support active health promotion programs in the community for stress relief and academic activities, especially for low HI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2013

This study has been carried out with the purpose of coming up with suggestions for designation of domestic protection areas and improvement of their management through a comparative analysis of the systems of management of the protection areas in South Korea, Japan and China. Starting with the designation of natural reserves in 1962, South Korea has prepared legal systems for preserving ecosystems and biodiversity, while continuing to designate protected areas. As the state has so far monopolized the designation and management of all South Korean protection areas that take up 10.8% of its entire land area (as of Dec. 2011), with such persisting issues as multiple designations of one and the same area for protection, overlapping management authorities, and management of privately owned land in the protection areas. In Japan, which has protected area sizes and relevant legal systems similar to those in South Korea, the state provides the basic framework for management, while delegating most of the duties related to direct operation and management to specific municipalities. China, with an integrated administrative management of protected areas, has related government offices and municipalities responsible for the designation and management of individual protected areas. South Korea needs to provide a legally based support system that would further enhance the value of areal protection and contribute to the promotion of local economy and community.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.412-424
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• 2009

The flora and vegetation of Chuncheon area were investigated from March, 2006 to September, 2008. Vascular plants of investigated regions were composed of 118 families, 496 genera, 894 species, 2 subspecies, 132 varieties, and 38 forms, totally 1,066 taxa, and the Pteridophyta index (Pte-Q) was 1.17. Forty two taxa including endemic genus Hanabusaya and Echinosophora among the 1,066 taxa were Korean endemic. Thirty three rare and endangered plants and 119 specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 71 taxa, and percent of naturalized plant species were 6.66%. The vegetation of Chuncheon area were classified into five communities such as Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Acer mono community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community and Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica community.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1990

Experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between the soil freezing depth and the accumulated degree-day of temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ at 17 locations during 1989-1990 winter season in kangwon province. The observed results are as follows : 1.When accumulated degree-day of temperature below at was 141t at late January soil freezing depth of sunny place was 46.5cm, that of shaded lot was 59 cm, and that of marginal place sunny or shaded area was 55cm, in Chun cheon. 2.Accumulated degree-day of temperature below at of Dae gwangryong area was more than that of Un-du, whereas soil freezing depth of Dae gwangryong was lower that of Un-du. It was considered that snow covering worked as heat insulator. 3.Soil freezing depth of vinyl mulching on Zoysia turf was less by around 2Ocm than that of non-vinyl mulching. Rice hulls covering of 4Ocm showed the great heat insulation effects with the soil freezing depth of 1.5cm at sunny place and 6.5cm at shaded lot compared to that of 47cm at sunny and 59.5 cm at shaded place bare ground. 4.Among investingated areas, Dunae, Honeg seong gun was the deepest soil freezing, 89cm with $569^{\circ}C$ of accumulated degree-day of temperature below $0^{\circ}C$ at late February. 5.dehydration of Juniperus C. var. Kaizuca, Euonymus japonica, and Chamaecyparis pisifira at winter season was around 5 %, however dehydration of Vinca minor was more than 10 %. A Studies on the Soil Freezing Depth and Change of Moisture contents in evergreen Plants upon subzero Temperature in Kangwon area.(2)

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2018

Background: Genus Sasa, dwarf bamboos, are considered to be species that lower biodiversity in the temperate forests of East Asia. Although they have a long interval, they, the monocarpic species, have a unique characteristic of large-scale synchronized flowering. Therefore, once they have flowered and then declined, it may be an opportunity for suppressed surrounding species. A previous study reported that Sasa borealis showed specialized flowering nationwide with a peak in 2015. However, this was based on data from a social network service and field survey at Mt. Jeombong. Therefore, we investigated S. borealis in the forests of five national parks in order to determine whether this rare synchronized flowering occurred nationwide, as well as its spatial distribution. Results: We found a total of 436 patches under the closed canopy of Quercus mongolica-dominated deciduous forests in the surveyed transects from the five national parks. Of these patches, 75% occupied a whole slope area, resulting in an enormous area. The patch area tended to be larger in the southern parks. Half (219 patches) of the patches flowered massively. Among them, 76% bloomed in 2015, which was consistent with the results of the previous report. The flowering rate varied from park to park with that of Mt. Seorak being the highest. The culms of the flowering patches were significantly taller (F = 93.640, p < 0.000) and thicker (F = 61.172, p < 0.000). Following the event, the culms of the flowering patches declined, providing a good opportunity for the suppressed plant species. The concurrent massive flowering of the mature patches was believed to be triggered by some stress such as a spring drought. Conclusion: We confirmed that the rare synchronized flowering of S. borealis occurred with a peak in 2015 nationwide. In addition, we explored that S. borealis not only monopolized an enormous area, but also dominated the floors of the late-successional Q. mongolica-dominated deciduous forests. This presents a major problem for Korean forests. As it declined simultaneously after flowering, there are both possibilities of forest regeneration or resettlement of S. borealis by massively produced seeds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.504-511
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• 2020

This study estimated planned felling volumes to set targets for management planning of nationwide country-owned forests. Estimates were made using timber harvest prediction methods that use probability density functions, including area weighting (AW), area ratio weighting (ARW), and sample area change ratio weighting (SCRW). Country-owned forest areas in 2010 and 2015 were used to estimate planned felling volumes, as shown in basic forest statistics, and calculations were made assuming that the felling areas were the changes in the forest area over the 5-year period. For the age classes of V-VI, the average felling ages for AW, ARW, and SCRW were 5.41, 5.56, and 5.37, respectively, and the felling areas were 594,462, 586,704, and 580,852 ha, respectively, with ARW reaching closest to the actual changes. The actual changes in the areas and chi-squared test results were most stable with the SCRW method. This study showed that SCRW was more adequate than AW and ARW as a method to predict timber harvests for forest management planning.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.689-699
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• 2023

Assessing ground stability is critical to the construction of underground transportation infrastructure. Surface displacement is a key indicator of ground stability, and can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). This study measured time-series surface displacement using permanent scatterer InSAR applied to Sentinel-1 SAR images acquired from January 2017 to June 2023 for the area around a deep underground expressway under construction to connect Mandeok-dong and Centum City in Busan, South Korea. Regions of seasonal subsidence and uplift were identified, as were regions with severe subsidence after summer 2022. To evaluate stability of the ground in the construction area, the mean displacement velocity, final surface displacement, cumulative surface displacement, and difference between minimum and maximum surface displacement were analyzed. Considering the time-series surface displacement characteristics of the study area, the difference between minimum and maximum surface displacement since June 2022 was found to be the most suitable parameter for evaluating ground stability. The results identified highly unstable ground in the construction area as being to the north of the mid-lower reaches of the Oncheon-cheon River and to the west of the Suyeong River at the point where both rivers meet, with the difference between minimum and maximum surface displacement of 40~60 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Namdae-cheon in Gangwon-do Province, Korea, is a valuable well-preserved lagoon. The estuary of Namdae-cheon Stream is closed because of the surrounding natural sand shoal. Thus, during the dry season, river water cannot easily flow to the ocean and therefore stagnates. River water congestion causes environmental deterioration of estuaries, often by eutrophication. In this study, we examined wall disintegration in the estuary area and used it to determine appropriate measures for the conservation of estuary water quality in the future. A total of 24 sites were selected, with 13 sites on the west side and 11 sites on the east side of the estuary study area. Samples were collected and analyzed for particle size and moisture content both vertically and horizontally. Sedimentary deposition rate was measured, and subsidence analysis was performed. Particle size, water content, sedimentary deposition, and subsidence analyses indicated that flow shifted to the west during the study period. In conjunction with other variables that may affect changes in flow, these parameters can be used in future research to predict shoal breaches and associated changes in water flow direction.