• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.506-512
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• 2011

This study was conducted to validate the theoretical feasibility of a technique to identify biomarkers in Korean native black pig (KNP) and a commercial Landrace breed. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we found six proteins (NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein 1, an unnamed protein product, similar to T-complex protein 1, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, fatty acid-binding protein, and catechol O-methyltransferase), which appeared in KNP alone. We raised polyclonal antibodies (used as the primary antibody) for Western blotting to confirm the characteristics of the six KNP proteins. As a result, catechol O-methyltransferase, annexin V = CaBP33 isoform, and the unnamed protein product presented thicker bands in KNP than those in Landrace. Moreover, catechol O-methyltransferase was shown to be more feasible as a biomarker for KNP. However, cross-reactivity was observed with the polyclonal antibodies for KNP and the other three proteins (NADH dehydrogenase, a protein similar to T-complex protein 1, and fatty acid-binding protein). This study only showed limited results from a limited number of animals; however, our research suggests possibilities for future studies.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2009

The pork from black-coated pigs is famous among-consumers for better eating quality. The loci affecting black coat color was identified in pig chromosome 6 in which several genetic effects on pork quality have been reported. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is a major gene which plays a key role in regulation of eumelanin (black/brown) and phaeomelanin (red/yellow). In this study, the MC1R gene polymorphism was analyzed for pig breed determination and genetic association with pork quality traits. MC1R Ala243Thr variation was analyzed to determine a specific genotype for four commercial pig breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire, Berkshire and, Duroc) and a Korean native pigs (KNP). Then we developed original KNP-specific DNA markers to determine the pork from black-coated pigs using MC1R DNA sequences. The total length of the MC1R coding sequence ranged 1451bp in KNP. KNP had the 0201 allele pertaining to $E^{D1}$ but some of the KNP had the $E^P$ allele, probably reflecting the geneticintrogression of $E^P$ allele into KNP. Furthermore, a relationship between Leu102Pro single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype and pork quality phenotype were analyzed in F2 reciprocal-crossbred population between KNP and Yorkshire. Association analysis indicated that the allele of the MC1R gene has no effect on pork quality. These results suggest that black coat-color is not directly associated with preferred pork quality, but the black-coat color pig breed may have other genetic components for superior pork quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.841-846
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• 2003

Landrace(L), Largewhite(Lw), Korean Native Pig(KNP) and commercial hybrid were experimented to determine holothane sensitivity, RYR gene mutation and quality profiles. In the results of halothane test, the incidence of halothane positive pigs was similar between L and Lw. But, the rate of dubious halothane positive type was higher in L than Lw. In hal-gene analysis, halothane-positive pigs(nn) were not found in any tested breed and heterotype(Nn) appeared only in one pig of L. Of the breed effect on the quality profiles, there were no differences in pH$_1$(pH at 1hr postslaughter), but pH$_{u}$(pH at 24hr postslaughter) was significantly higher in commercial hybrid and KNP than other breeds(p〈0.05). Color assessed by National Pork Producers Council(NPPC) and CIE L$^{*}$ was significantly paler in L breed than other breeds(p〈0.05). Significant differences were found in water holding capacity(WHC) and cooking loss in KNP(p〈0.05).

• Digital Contents
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• no.12 s.79
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• pp.59-59
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• 1999

최근 한국광고단체연합회와 IMReserch가 공동으로 주관한 '99 Fall KNP 인터넷 사용자 조사가 올초에 이어 국내 인터넷 사용자 14,670을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 조사에 참여한 인터넷 기업을 언론사, 검색엔진, ISP, 쇼핑몰, 벤처기업의 5개 카테고리로 분류하여 총 35개 기업 웹사이트에서 띠 광고의 클릭을 통해 이루어졌다. KNP 인터넷 사용자 조사 결과에 대해 살펴봤다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

The study was conducted to select and optimize microsatellite (MS) markers for evaluation of Korean native pig (KNP) populations in order to provide standard for the classification and breed definition of the indigenous breeds. The study also aimed to characterize and classify each KNP populations. A total of 648 pigs from 17 pig populations including six KNP, four Chinese native pig and four commercial pig populations were analyzed with 26 MS markers. KNP populations formed separate cluster from those of Chinese native pig and introduced pig populations. Expected heterozygosity (He) of KNP populations were 0.48~0.55 except two populations with 0.65. Genetic distances between KNP populations were relatively shorter: 0.12-0.34. Among six KNP populations, three showed high genetic uniformity, two showed lower uniformity and one showed high level of impurity and heterozygosity. The results can be used to evaluate and manage animal genetic resources at national scale.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

This study was carried out to compare the quality characteristics of korean native black pork (KNP) and modern genotype pork (MGP) during refrigerated storage after thawing. M. longissimus from 5 Korean native black barrows of 65.3 kg and 5 modern genotype barrows ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) of 114.3 kg were frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$ for 1 month and stored at $2{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The carcass weight and dressing percentage was significantly lower in pork from Korean native black pigs than modern genotype pigs (p<0.05). The crude fat and sensory quality were significantly higher in KNP than in MGP (p<0.05), and moisture, myristic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, linolenic acid, and cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid levels were significantly lower in KNP (p<0.05). The pH value was significantly higher in KNP than in MGP after 5 days of storage (p<0.05). Drip loss was significantly lower in KNP than in MGP during storage (p<0.05). The TBARS value was significantly higher in KNP than in MGP after 5 days of storage (p<0.05). Overall, KNP had lower moisture and unsaturated fatty acid levels relative to MGP and showed less oxidative stability during storage, however it had higher crude fat content, water-holding capacity, sensory quality and color stability than MGP.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2007

This study compared the quality characteristics, including aroma, of M. longissimus from five Korean native black barrows(64 kg, KNP) and five modem genotype barrows($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$, 114 kg, MGP), during vacuum packaged-chilling. The samples were vacuum packaged, stored at $2{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$ for 12 days, and then subjected to quality measurement. The KNP had higher fat content than did MGP(p<0.05), but KNP contained lower C14:0, C18:3 and C20:5 concentrations than did MGP(p<0.05). The KNP showed lower pH values(p<0.05) and water-holding capacities than did MGP, and were redder in color than MGP during storage. The TBARS increased more quickly in KNP than in MGP samples during storage. In texture, KNP showed firmer muscle tone than did MGP during storage(p<0.05). Various aroma compounds including 3-methyl-l-butanol, 2-ethyl hexanol and m-xylene were detected with SPME-GC/MS after 12 days of storage, and aroma patterns of KNP and MGP, obtained with an electronic nose, differed during storage.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2021

A plant community is a group of populations that coexist in space and interact directly or indirectly with the environment. In this paper, we determined the pattern of tree species composition in response to soil variables in Khadimnagar National Park (KNP), which is one of the least studied tropical forests in Bangladesh. Soil and vegetation data were collected from 71 sample plots. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with associated Monte Carlo permutation tests (499 permutations) was carried out to determine the most significant soil variable and to explore the relationship between tree species distribution and soil variables. Soil pH and clay content (pH with p<0.01 and Clay content with p<0.05) were the most significant variables that influence the overall tree species distribution in KNP. Soil pH is related to the distribution and abundance of Syzygium grande and Magnolia champaca, which were mostly found and dominant species in KNP. Some species were correlated with clay content such as Artocarpus chaplasha and Cassia siamea. These observations suggest that both the physico-chemical properties of soil play a major role in shaping the tree distribution in KNP. Hence, these soil properties should take into account for any tree conservation strategy in this forest.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

The Korean native black pig (KNP) have several desirable meat qualities, which are highly demanded by Koreans in spite of its slow growth rate, low feed efficiency, and small litter size. The aim of this study was to evaluate meat quality and fatty acid composition of KNP at different slaughter weight in order to provide information to industry. Ninety female KNP of the same age (220 days) were divided into three groups by live body weights (30 pigs per each group); live weight of 50$\sim$59 kg (T1), 60$\sim$69 kg (T2) and 70$\sim$80 kg (T3), respectively. After slaughtering the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and backfat from each group were obtained after 24 hr chilling. Crude protein content and shear force of LD from T3 was higher than that from T1 and pH of LD was significantly lower in that from T1 than from T2 and T3. Color measurement indicated that LD of T2 group had a higher $L^*$-value and lower $a^*$-value than those of T1 and T3. Slaughter weight of KNP generally did not affect the fatty acid composition of LD and backfat but the content of oleic acid (C18:1) of T2 in LD was significantly higher than those of T1 and T3. The results may provide basic information to industry to promote the production and processing of KNP, and assist in meeting the Korean consumer's demand.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.356-365
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• 2011

We assessed the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the porcine fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene regarding meat quality and fatty acid composition in two pig populations: Korean native pigs (KNP) were crossed with Yorkshire (YS) $F_2$, and KNP were crossed with Landrace (LR) $F_2$. Direct DNA sequencing using eight KNP and eight YS pigs revealed two SNPs: c.265C>T (silent) in exon 4 and c.6545A>C (Asn${\rightarrow}$His) in exon 39. The frequency of the two SNPs was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in seven pig breeds and their association with meat quality traits and fatty acid composition was studied. In the $KNP{\times}YSF_2$ population, both SNPs were significantly associated with the level of monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) (p<0.005). c.6545A>C was associated with intramuscular fat content in both populations. Our results indicate that variations in c.265C>T and c.6545A>C of the pig FASN can be used to select animals with better fatty acid composition and meat quality. Moreover, KNP was a useful breed for identifying genetic factors affecting meat quality and fatty acid composition and for producing high quality pork.