• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2011

This study investigated whether the addition of porcine sperm cytosolic factor (SCF) at fusion/activation affects in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic(PA) and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. To determine the optimum concentration of SCF, control group of oocytes was activated with 0.3M mannitol (1.0 mM $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$), other three groups of oocytes were parthenogentically activated with the fusion medium (0.1mM $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$) supplemented with 100, 200 or 300 ${\mu}$g/ml SCF, respectively. Matured oocytes were activated with two electric pulses (DC) of 1.2 kv/cm for 30 ${\mu}$sec. The activated embryos were cultured in PZM-3 under 5% $CO_2$ in air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. Oocytes activated in the presence of SCF showed a significantly higher blastocyst rate than control (p<0.05). Apoptosis rate was significantly lower in 100 ${\mu}$g/ml SCF group than other groups (p<0.05). Cdc2 kinase activity in control and SCF treatment group of oocytes was determined using MESACUP cdc2 kinase assay kit at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after activation. Cdc2 kinase activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in SCF group than MII oocytes or control within 5 min. For NT embryo production, reconstructed oocytes were fused in the fusion medium supplemented with 0.1 mM $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ (T1), 1.0 mM $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ (T2) and 0.1 mM $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ with 100 ${\mu}$g/ml SCF (T3). Fused embryos were cultured in PZM-3 under 5% $CO_2$ in air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. Developmental rate to blastocyst stage was significantly higher in T3 than other groups (23.0% vs. 13.5 to 15.2%) (p<0.05). Apoptosis rate was significantly lower in T3 than T1 or T2 (p<0.05). The relative abundance of Bax-${\alpha}$/Bcl-xl was significantly lower in in vivo or SCF group than that of control (p<0.05). Moreover, the expression of p53 and caspase3 mRNA was significantly lower in in vivo or SCF group than that of control (p<0.05). These results indicate that the addition of SCF at fusion/activation might improve in vitro development of porcine NT embryos through regulating cdc2 kinase level and expression of apoptosis related genes.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2001

Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae was reared in a room to establish a year-round rearing system. The eggs oviposited by the parent fed on host plant showed 89.2% of hatchability and hatched in 3.9 days after oviposition. The larval period was 18.1 days under high temperature, long day condition ($25^{\circ}C$, 16L : 8D), showing 97.8% pupal ratio and emergence rate. However, under low temperature, short day condition ($21^{\circ}C$, 10L : 14D) the larval period extended to 23.6 days and the pupal ratio was 70%. All of those pupae went into diapause. The oviposition preference experiment on different hosts (Chinese cabbage, cabbage, tulip and kale) showed that hot-water extract was preferred over methanol extracts or squeezed raw juices. The host preference showed that Chinese cabbage was less preferred than the other three. The artificial ovipositing kit was constructed for the oviposition in a room. The 48-hours old eggs could be stored for 7 days at$ 5^{\circ}C$ and showed 70% of hatchability. Non-diapausing pupae could be stored for 30 days at 5 to $15^{\circ}C$, showing 85% of emergence rate. However, the pupae stored at $5^{\circ}C$ showed longer storage period and higher emergence rate. The systematic successive rearing method of cabbage butterfly in a room was completed, based on the above experiments.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

Purpose: Both chronic periodontitis (CP) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) induce oxidative stress in the body and cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study explored the SOD enzyme activity of saliva and serum in CP patients with and without IDA and analyzed the impact of IDA on CP. Methods: A total of 82 patients were divided into four groups: control group (CG, 22), periodontally healthy IDA patients (IDA-PH, 20), CP patients (CP, 20), and IDA patients with CP (IDA-CP, 20). After clinical measurements and samplings, serum and salivary SOD levels were determined using an SOD assay kit. Results: IDA-CP patients exhibited a higher gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and percentage (%) of sites with a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of ${\geq}6mm$ (P<0.008) than CP patients. The mean salivary and serum SOD levels were significantly lower in the IDA-PH, CP, and IDA-CP patients than in the CG group (P<0.008). A significant positive correlation between salivary and serum SOD activity was observed in IDA (P<0.05). Furthermore, serum and salivary SOD levels were significantly and negatively correlated with all periodontal parameters including the percentage of sites with CAL of 4-5 and ${\geq}6mm$ (P<0.05) except the significant correlation between salivary SOD activity and mean CAL and the percentage of sites with CAL of 4-5 mm (P>0.05) in these patients. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that IDA patients with chronic periodontitis have more periodontal breakdowns than patients with chronic periodontitis. Serum and salivary SOD activity levels were lower in the IDA-PH, CP and IDA-CP groups than in the CG. Iron deficiency anemia influenced the serum SOD activity but did not seem to affect the salivary SOD activity in these patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of the BACTEC MGIT (Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube) 960 system for mycobacteria culture and immunochromatographic assay to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in positive MGIT culture. Methods: Mycobacteria-culture-positive cases were retrospectively analyzed from December 2010 to July 2011. The detection rates and the recovery times of the mycobacteria between the Ogawa media and the MGIT were compared. An immunochromatographic assay (ICA) (SD BIO-LINE) was also performed in the positive MGIT culture for identification, and the results were compared with those of the Ogawa media in the Korea National Tuberculosis Association. Results: Among the 261 patients (M:F, 168:93; mean age, $61.6{\pm}17.16$ yrs), 450 specimens (sputa, 365; bronchial washing, 61; and pleural effusion, 24) were found positive with mycobacteria. Mycobacteria were grown both on the MGIT and Ogawa media in 310 cases (68.9%); only on the MGIT in 115 cases (22.6%); and only on the Ogawa media in 25 cases (5.5%) (p<0.05). The recovery time was $28.2{\pm}8.9$ days in the Ogawa media and $11.1{\pm}5.8$ days in the MGIT (p<0.05). Among the 127 cases from the positive MGIT culture, all 92 cases that were confirmed as MTB cases bythe Korea National Tuberculosis Association were identified as MTB by ICA, with 100% sensitivity. Conclusion: MGIT increases the detection rate and shortens the recovery time of mycobacteria in clinical respiratory specimens, and the TB Ag MPT64 kit using ICA is useful in identifying MTB in a positive MGIT culture.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2007

A study on the distribution of V. parahaemolyticus among sea water, sea mud, and marine products in Hwabuk, Samyang, Daepo, Jungmun, Pyoson, Anduk, Aewol, and Gwakji on the coastal area of Jeju island was conducted from January to December in 2002. The 2,880 total specimens of 960 sea waters, 960 sea mud, 960 marine products were collected and studied for the rate of isolation of V. parahaemolyticus, and biochemical, serological and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. A total of 417 strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated and identified from 2,880 total specimens. In the test of biochemical properties, 100 of V. parahaemolyticus isolates in the presence of 0.85% NaCl were positive in the utilization of lysine, ornithine, indole, glucose, and mannitol, and negative in the utilization of ONPG, arginine, sodium citrate, urea, tryptophane, inositol, sorbitol, rhamnose, sucrose, and melibiose, $H_2S$ production and VP reaction, while positive or negative in gelatin liquefaction and utilization of amygdalin or arabinose. The isolation rates to the specimen were 161 strains (16.8%) from 960 of sea waters, 137 strains (14.3%) from 960 of sea mud, and 119 strains (12.4%) from 960 of marine products. The isolation rates of V. parahaemolyticus from 8 coastal areas were 14.4% (52/360) in Hwabuk area, 15.3% (55/360) in Samyang area, 13.6% (49/360) in Daepo area, 18.3% (66/360) Jungmun area, 13.1% (47/360) in Pyosun area, 16.4% (59/360) in Anduk area, 12.5% (45/360) in Aewol area and 12.2% (44/360) in Gwakji area, respectively. The distribution of 417 V. parahaemolyticus, isolates was high at Jungmun with 18.3% (66/360), and from sea water with 16.8% (161/960).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.952-959
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• 2011

A new bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which has been isolated from kimchi was identified as Pediococcus damnosus by use of API kit and 16S rDNA sequencing, and designated as P. damnosus JNU 534. The bacteriocin produced by P. damnosus JNU 534 markedly inhibited the growth of some of LAB and Listeria monocytogenes, whereas other pathogens including Gram negative bacteria were not susceptible. The production of bacteriocin started at the beginning of exponential phase and reached maximum activity at the early stationary phase. The bacteriocin was stable on the wide pH range of 2-9 and heat treatment up to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The antimicrobial compound was inactivated by treatments of proteolytic enzymes indicating its proteinaceous in nature. The bacteriocin was purified by 30% ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by hydrophobic interaction column and $C_{18}$ column chromatography. The estimated molecular weight of the bacteriocin using tricine SDS-PAGE was approximately 3.4 kDa and the identified N-terminal amino acid sequence was $NH_2$-ILLEELNV.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, the anti-stress effects of ethanolic extract of Opuntiaficus-indica (OF70E) were investigated. Methods : To determine the effects of OF70E on physical stress, changes in whole-body cortisol level or behavior were monitored in zebrafish. After treatment with 0.9% saline or OF70E for 6 min, all fish underwent net handling stress (NHS), which induced physical stress. And then, we conducted open field test (OFT) or sacrificed fish for collecting body fluid from whole-body. We used the cortisol enzyme-linked immunoassay kit to measure the amount of cortisol in each zebrafish sample. Results : In result, compared with normal group which were not treated by NHS, whole-body cortisol levels were significantly increased in stressed-control group. Compared with control group, pretreatment with OF70E at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L for 6min significantly inhibited the increase of whole-body cortisol levels induced by NHS(p<0.05). To anti-stress effects of OF70E on behavior, we conducted OFT after the induction of NHS following pretreatment of OF70E. As results of OFT, compared with unstressed-normal group, distance moved was significantly decreased by induction of NHS in stressed-control group (p<0.05). OF70E-pretreatment blocked decreases of distance moved increased by NHS (p<0.05). And meandering movement, immobility and turn angle were significantly increased by NHS in stressed-control group compared with unstressed-normal group (p<0.05). OF70E-pretreatment prevented the increases of meandering movement immobility and turn angle by NHS (p<0.05). Conclusions : In conclusion these results suggest that OF70E-pretreatment may prevent stress responses.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2010

Fifty Actinobacteria strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Sasa borealis. In the course of screening for antibacterial activity against bacterial leaf spot of pepper (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria) of isolates, 12 isolates showed strong antibiotic activity. Basis on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, they were belonging to Streptomyces cluster II. Strain JR-24 exhibited strong antibiotic activity against X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 ${\mu}l$/disc. The strain JR-24 was most closely related to Streptomyces galbus $DSM40089^T$ (98.1%), Streptomyces longwoodensis $LMG20096^T$ (98%) and Streptomyces capoamus $JCM4734^T$ (97.8%). When assayed with the API 20NE and 50 CHE kit, it is positive for utilization of L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-galactose and hydrolysis of gelatin, protein, starch. The strains contained iso-$C_{14:0}$ (25.93%), iso-$C_{15:0}$ (10.13%), anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ (19.29%) and iso-$C_{16:0}$ (20.35%) as major fatty acids and MK-9 (H4), MK-9 (H6), and MK-9 (H8) as the isoprenoid quinone. Strain JR-24 was suggested new species of genus Streptomyces by nearest neighbors of genotypic relationships and phenotypic characterization. This study was important to microbial resources investigation for environment-friendly agriculture.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1993

The histological change of the billary mucosa in clonorchiasis is characterized as adenomatous hyperplasia, and cross-sectioned mucosa looks like intestinal mucosa. In addition to the glandular hyperplasla, the metaplasia of mucin secreting cells is also known. The present study investigated the presence of intestinal secretion from the biliary mucosal cells of rabbits and rats with Clonorchis sinensis infection. The rabbit was infected with 300 and the rat was infected with 100 metacercariae of C. sinensif. A part of the animals were followed up after praziquantel treatment. The rabbit livers were prepared for histochemistry to observe any endocrine secretion and the bile duct mucosa of the mice was processed far the activity of brush border membrane (BBM)-bound enzymes of the small intestine. Immunohistochemistry with the polyclonal antibodies and biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase staining kit showed no positive cells for gastrin and secretin, but a few cells were positive for serotonin. The proliferated billiw mucosa of the mice revealed no activity of dissaccharidases and aminopeptidase. Only alkaline phosphatase activity was found both in the control and the infected. The hyperplastic billary mucosal cells showed no gastrointestinal secretory functions. The serotonin secreting cells may be one of the inflammatory cells.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2018

Development and validation of crop models often require measurements of biomass for the crop of interest. Considerable efforts would be needed to obtain a reasonable amount of biomass data because the destructive sampling of a given crop is usually used. The Kinect sensor, which has a combination of image and depth sensors, can be used for estimating crop biomass without using destructive sampling approach. This approach could provide more data sets for model development and validation. The objective of this study was to examine the applicability of the Kinect sensor for estimation of chinese cabbage fresh weight. The fresh weight of five chinese cabbage was measured and compared with estimates using the Kinect sensor. The estimates were obtained by scanning individual chinese cabbage to create point cloud, removing noise, and building a three dimensional model with a set of free software. It was found that the 3D model created using the Kinect sensor explained about 98.7% of variation in fresh weight of chinese cabbage. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between estimates and measurements were highly significant, which suggested that the Kinect sensor would be applicable to estimation of fresh weight for chinese cabbage. Our results demonstrated that a depth sensor allows for a non-destructive sampling approach, which enables to collect observation data for crop fresh weight over time. This would help development and validation of a crop model using a large number of reliable data sets, which merits further studies on application of various depth sensors to crop dry weight measurements.