• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.179.1-179.1
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• 2001

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Desmodii herb pharmacopuncture (DH-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were injected LPS to induce nephritis. DH-HA group was treated with DH-HA at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week, NP group with 26 gauge needle, saline group with normal saline. To evaluate the effects of DH-HA at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, RBC, WBC, neutrophil in blood, TNF-a, CINC-1 in serum, creatinine and total protein in urine, renal TNF-a, renal MPO were measured and renal tissue was analyzed. Results : WBC in blood, CINC-1 in serum, renal MPO significantly reduced in DH-HA group. Conclusions : DH-HA at $KI_{10}$ is effective for nephritis in LPS-induced rats. Therefore, DH-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be useful for nephritis in clinical field.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Pyrrosiae Herba herbal-acupuncture(PH-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Methods : Rats were assigned to four groups: normal, LPS, saline and PH-HA. Rats in the saline and PH-HA groups were treated with saline injection and PH-HA respectively at $KI_{10}$, three times over the period of one week. All animals, except those in the normal group, were injected intra-peritoneally with LPS to induce nephritis. WBC, in blood, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1(CINC-1), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine in serum, urinal volume, total protein creatinine in urine, and renal myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analyzed. Results : 1. PH-HA group showed significantly reduced levels of serum BUN, serum creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$, and CINC-1 compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, a significant increase in urine output and more significant decreases in total protein in urine and MPO in renal tissue were observed in the PH-HA group when compared to the LPS group. 2. The PH-HA group showed significantly reduced levels of serum creatinine and renal MPO, and a more significant increase in urine output compared to the saline group. Conclusions : According to these results, it is postulated that PH-HA at $KI_{10}$ has anti-inflammatory and renal-protective effects on LPS-induced nephritis in rats, and both acupoint $KI_{10}$ and the herb Pyrrosiae Herba made contributions to these effects. Further studies on the interaction between acupoint $KI_{10}$ and the herb Pyrrosiae Herba may be needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 2016

Background: The three standard biomarkers used in breast cancer are the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The Ki-67 index, a proliferative marker, has been shown to be associated with a poorer outcome, and despite absence of standardization of pathological assessment, is widely used for therapy decision making. We aim to study the role of the Ki-67 index in a group of Asian women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 450 women newly diagnosed with Stage 1 to 3 invasive breast cancer in a single centre from July 2013 to Dec 2014 were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between Ki-67 (positive defined as 14% and above) and age, ethnicity, grade, mitotic index, ER, PR, HER2, lymph node status and size. All analyses were performed using SPSS Version 22. Results: In univariable analysis, Ki -67 index was associated with younger age, higher grade, ER and PR negativity, HER2 positivity, high mitotic index and positive lymph nodes. However on multivariable analysis only tumour size, grade, PR and HER2 remained significant. Out of 102 stage 1 patients who had ER positive/PR positive/HER2 negative tumours and non-grade 3, only 5 (4.9%) had a positive Ki-67 index and may have been offered chemotherapy. However, it is interesting to note that none of these patients received chemotherapy. Conclusions: Information on Ki67 would have potentially changed management in an insignificant proportion of patients with stage 1 breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.139-159
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• 2009

Objective & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal-acupuncture with Lycii Fructus (LF-HA) at KI10 (Eumgok) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) ddy mice. We carried out several experimental items which were known to be related with osteoporosis. Results : 1. Tibial BMD was significantly increased in the LF-HA group. 2. Tibial Ca level was significantly increased in the LF-HA group. 3. Osteoclast like cell in tibia was significantly decreased in the LF-HA group. 4. Histological change of tibia was improved, the trabecular bone thickness was significantly increased and the growth plate length was significantly decreased in the LF-HA group. Conclusion : These results suggest that LF-HA at KI10 has therapeutic effects on osteoporosis especially by way of suppressing osteoclast cells in ovariectomized ddy mice.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.119-151
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• 1997

Conclusions for the relationship between a conceptional model of stress theory and its examination based on the Oriental medicine; 1. It was considered that a general conception of stress is included into the meaning of Ki in the Oriental medicine. 2. The response-based model to stress could be comparable to a conception of Ki-pathogens interchange In the Onental medicine. 3. The stimulus-based model may be explained as a modern conception of immoderation feeling related with an internal etiological factor, specially injury of seven emotions, among three groups of etiological factors for disease. 4. The feedback conception based on the interaction model could explain the principal of reversible emotion therapy in the nine Ki. 5. In the Oriental medicine, a study to clarify a emotional etiologic factor and its pathophysiologlcal mechanism has been continued for long time before establishment of stress theory.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.705-709
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• 1998

Temporal and spatial distribution of Korean rice blast fungus (Pyricularia grisea) race KI-409 that has been rapidely increased since 1993 and became predominant in 1995 in Korea were investigated. Varietal resistance of current commercial cultivars of rice to the race was also tested in this study. The race KI-409 was first isolated from rice cv. Namyangbyeo in 1985. Since 1985 the race had been isolated mainly from the rice cultivars having BL1 BL7 pedigree as a resistance source. Distribution ratio of the race in 1995 was 23.7% in average and became a predominant in the P. grisea population in Korea. The race distributed widely and found in all the eight provinces in Korea. Many commercial cultivars such as Chucheongbyeo as well as those with BL1 or BL7 as a genetic background were found to be susceptible to the race KI-409.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

Purpose : Tumor growth in a given neoplasm is the net result of cell proliferation and cell loss, and apoptosis is the most significant component of continuous cell loss in most tumors. In this study, we examined non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n=67) immunohistochemically for the presence of Bcl-2 oncoprotein and P53 protein and compared apoptotic indices (Als) and Ki-67 proliferative indices (percentages of Ki-67 positive cells). Materials and Methods : 67 patients with NHL were evaluated : 3 low-grade and 64 intermediate-grade. The phenotype was determined in 65 cases : 47 $(70\%)$ were B cell type and 18 $(27\%)$ were T ceil type. Als and Ki-67 proliferative indices were determined immunohistochemically and the overexpression of P53 and Bcl-2 protein were also evalutated. Results : The overexpressions of Bcl-2 protein and P53 protein were found in $40\%$ (26/65) and $31\%$ (20/65). The Al ranged from $0\%\;to\;15\%$ (mean 2.16, median 1.2). Cellular Bcl-2, which counteracts apoptosis, was significantly (p=0.005) associated with Als. Ki-67 proliferative indices ranged from $1\%\;to\;91\%$ (mean 55.4), and P53 was significantly (p=0.000) associated with Ki-67 proliferative indices. A positive correlation between Als and Ki-67 proliferative indices was revealed (p=0.012) in Bcl-2 positive patients. Conclusion : In NHL, we observed a correlation between Als and Bcl-2 expression, between Ki-67 proliferative indices and P53 expression, and between Als and Ki-67 proliferative indices in Bcl-2 positive patients. Our results suggest that cell apoptosis may be inseparable from cell proliferation during tumor growth.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Zeae Stigma herbal-acupuncture (ZS-HA) at KI10 (Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Methods: Rats were assigned to five groups, normal, LPS, NP, saline and ZS-HA. Rats in NP, saline, and ZS-HA groups were treated with needle prick, saline injection, and ZS-HA respectively at KI10, three times a week. All animals except the normal group were injected intra-peritoneally with LPS to induce nephritis. RBC and WBC, neutrophils in blood, TNF-alpha, CINC-1, creatinine in serum, urinal volume, total protein and creatinine in urine, and renal MPO were analyzed. Results: Needle prick at KI10 significantly reduced WBC in blood and CINC-1 in serum of LPS-stimulated rats. Saline injection at KI10 significantly reduced TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum and total protein in urine of LPS-stimulated rats. ZS-HA at KI10 significantly increased RBC in blood, and significantly reduced neutrophils in blood, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum, and total protein in urine of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions: According to these results, it is postulated that ZS-HA at KI10 has anti-inflammatory and renal-protective effects on LPS-induced nephritis in rats, and both acupoint KI10 and herb Zeae Stigma made contributions to this effect. Further studies on the interaction between acupoint KI10 and herb Zeae Stigma may be needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.596-602
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• 2016

Potassium iodide (KI) TRO sensor for measuring total residual oxidant which is an index for disinfection and neutralization in ballast water has been constructed. The results of UV absorption wavelength and absorbance test in various TRO concentrations show high linear correlation ($r^2=0.9825$) at 350 nm wavelengths and it can be possible to visualize numerical value of TRO concentration (0.1~7.0 mg/L). The result of comparison test according to TRO concentration between the KI based TRO sensor system and the DPD based TRO sensor system showed identical trend. Overall results indicated that the KI TRO sensing system could be applied for continuous TRO concentration measurement in ballast water treatment system.