• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2022

The application of supplemental activated biochar pellet fertilizers (ABPFs) was evaluated by investigating key factors such as changes of surface paddy water and soil chemical properties and rice growth responses during the growing season. The treatments consisted of control, activated rice hull biochar pellet (ARHBP-40%), and activated palm biochar pellet (APBP-40%) applications. It was shown that the lowest NH₄⁺-N and PO₄^--P concentrations were observed in surface paddy water to the ARHBP-40%, while the NH₄⁺-N concentration in the control was abruptly decreased until 30 days after transplant in the soil. However, the lowest NH₄⁺-N concentration in the blended biochar application was 9.18 mg L^-1 at 1 day of transplant, but its ABPFs application was observed to be less than 1 mg L^-1 at 56 days after transplant. The lowest PO₄^--P concentration in paddy water treated ARHBP-40% ranged from 0.06 mg L^-1 to 0.08 mg L^-1 until 30 days after transplant among the treatments. For the paddy soil, the NH₄⁺-N concentration in the control was abruptly decreased from 177.7 mg kg^-1 to 49.4 mg kg^-1, while NO₃^--N concentration was highest, 13.2 mg kg^-1 in 14 days after transplant. The P₂O₅ concentrations in the soils increased from rice transplants until the harvesting period regardless of the treatments. The highest K₂O concentration was 252.8 mg kg^-1 in the APBP-40% at 84 days after transplant. For the rice growth responses, plant height in the control was relatively high compared to others, but grain yield was not significantly different between the control and ARHBP-40%. The application of ARHBP-40% can minimize nitrogen and phosphorous application rates into the agro-ecosystem.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of packaging on quality maintenance of paprika (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Nagano RZ) stored at three different temperatures. In Korea, paprika is stored and distributed under ambient conditions. To ensure the freshness maintenance, determining optimal storage temperature is necessary. Paprika were unpacked (control) or packed with polyamide film and stored at 5℃, 10℃ and 20℃ for 35 days. Quality characteristics such as weight loss and appearance were examined. Paprika packed with polyamide film showed less quality changes compared to unpacked paprika under all the storage temperatures. The commercial properties tended to decrease rapidly during storage at 20℃ regardless of packing. The degree of weight loss was significantly lower in packed paprika compared to unpacked paprika. It was found that soluble solids, pigments, hardness, etc. were complexly affected by storage temperature and film packaging. For paprika, the storage temperature of 5℃ or 10℃ was effective in maintaining freshness; paprika packed in polyamide film packing maintained greater freshness than unpacked paprika. Our results showed that, packaging is required to preserve the freshness and to improve the marketability of paprika in the domestic market. It seems that it is necessary to continuously search for an effective packaging method.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.300-310
• /
• 2022

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of drip irrigation volume on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in a greenhouse using perlite medium. Plants were treated by three different irrigation treatment I₀, I₂₅, and I₅₀ (where irrigation volume of I₂₅ and I₅₀ was 25% and 50% higher than I₀, having limited or no leaching). Growth characteristics of plants, yield and water use efficiency were measured. The result showed that plant height, leaf length and leaf width were lowest in the I₀ treated plants. However, these parameters were not statistically significant differences between the plants that were grown in the I₂₅ and I₅₀ treatment. Soluble solids content, acidity and dry matter of 111th, 132nd, and 143rd days harvested tomato were higher in the plants irrigated with lowest volume (I₀) than the higher volume (I₂₅ or I₅₀). In addition, water content was lower in the 111th and 132nd days of harvested tomatoes from the I₀ treatment. The number of big-size tomatoes (>180 g) was significantly higher in the I₂₅ irrigated plants. There was no significant difference in the total number of harvested fruits among the treatments. The average fruit weight and total yield of harvested tomatoes were lowest in the I₀ treated plants. The water consumption of tomato was not significantly different amongst the treatments but water use efficiency was lowest in the I₀ treatment. Principal component analysis revealed that total soluble solid and acidity of tomato showed a positive correlation between each other. These results suggest that I₂₅ was the optimum irrigation treatment for tomato based on its measured growth characteristics, yield and water use efficiency.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2021

In line with future changes in the marine environment, Aids to Navigation has been used in various fields and their use is increasing. The term "Aids to Navigation" means an aid to navigation prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries which shows navigating ships the position and direction of the ships, position of obstacles, etc. through lights, shapes, colors, sound, radio waves, etc. Also now the use of Aids to Navigation is transforming into a means of identifying and recording the marine weather environment by mounting various sensors and cameras. However, Aids to Navigation are mainly lost due to collisions with ships, and in particular, safety accidents occur because of poor observation visibility due to sea fog. The inflow of sea fog poses risks to ports and sea transportation, and it is not easy to predict sea fog because of the large difference in the possibility of occurrence depending on time and region. In addition, it is difficult to manage individually due to the features of Aids to Navigation distributed throughout the sea. To solve this problem, this paper aims to identify the marine weather environment by estimating sea fog level approximately with images taken by cameras mounted on Aids to Navigation and to resolve safety accidents caused by weather. Instead of optical and temperature sensors that are difficult to install and expensive to measure sea fog level, sea fog level is measured through the use of general images of cameras mounted on Aids to Navigation. Furthermore, as a prior study for real-time sea fog level estimation in various seas, the sea fog level criteria are presented using the Haze Model and Dark Channel Prior. A specific threshold value is set in the image through Dark Channel Prior(DCP), and based on this, the number of pixels without sea fog is found in the entire image to estimate the sea fog level. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility of estimating the sea fog level using synthetic haze image dataset and real haze image dataset.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.212-223
• /
• 2022

For the remediation and restoration of contaminated sediment at the West Sea-Byeong dumping site, dredged materials was dumped in 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017. The physicochemical properties and benthic fauna in surface sediments of the capping area (5 stations) and natural recovery area (2 stations) were analyzed annually from 2014 to 2020 to evaluate the capping effect of the dredged materials. The natural recovery area had a finer sediment with a mean particle size of 5.91-7.64 Φ, while the sediment in the capping area consisted of coarse-grained particles with a mean particle size of 1.47-3.01 Φ owing to the capping effect of dredged materials. Considering that the contents of organic matters (COD, TOC, and TN) and heavy metals in the capping area are approximately 50 % lower (p<0.05) than that in the natural recovery area, it is judged that there is a capping effect of dredged materials. As a result of analyzing macrobenthic assemblages, the number of species and ecological indices of the capping area were significantly lower than that of the natural recovery area (p<0.05). The number of species and ecological indices at the capping area were increased for the first four years after the capping in 2013 and 2014 and then tended to decrease thereafter. It is presumed that opportunistic species, which have rapid growth and short lifetime, appeared dominantly during the initial phase of capping, and the additory capping in 2016 and 2017 caused re-disturbance in the habitat environment. In the natural recovery and capping areas, Azti's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) was evaluated as a fine healthy status because it maintained the level of 2^nd grades (Good), whereas Benthic Pollution Index (BPI) remained at the 1^st and 2^nd grade. Therefore, capping of dredged materials for remediation of contaminated sediment in the dumping site has the effect of reducing the pollution level. However, in terms of the benthic ecosystem, it is recommended that the recovery trend should be monitored long-term. Additionally, it is necessary to introduce an adaptive management strategy when expanding the project to remediate the contaminated sediment at the dumping area in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2022

The aim of this study was to cluster according to the bone age of elementary school students in order to analyze the physique, physical fitness, and skeletal maturation of each cluter group and to provide basic data for the balanced development of elementary school students through data analysis. The subjects of this study were 2243 students aged 8 to 13 years, and the skeletal maturation were calculated by applying them to the TW3 method score conversion table after the X-ray films were taken. A total of 2 components in physique were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and the Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019), and a total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength(Hand Grip Strength), balance(Bass Stick Test), agility(Plate Tapping), power(Standing Long Jump), flexibility(Sit&Reach), muscular endurance(Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance(Shuttle Run) were measured as well. K-Means clustering method, cross-tabulation analysis, and one-way variable analysis(ANOVA) were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0) and Bristics Studio Tool, and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, as a result of clustering using three components of skeletal maturation: retarded, normal, and advanced, cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in muscular strength, balance, and agility. cluster 2(Normal) showed poor flexibility, whereas cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in muscular strength. Second, as a result of analyzing the differences in physique according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in height, weight, and body fat percentage. Third, as a result of analyzing the differences in physical fitness according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Hand Grip Strength(Left, Right), whereas cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in Bass Stick Test, and cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Standing Long Jump.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.65 no.3
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2022

Ginseng sprouts, which can be eaten from leaves to roots, has the advantage of not having to use pesticides without being affected by the season by using smart farms. The optimal cultivation timing of sprout ginseng was checked and the nutritional content and antioxidant activity were compared and analyzed. The values of total fatty acids and total minerals were no significant changes during the growth periods. The contents of total amino acids were slightly decreased to 45 days and after increased to 65 days. When the growth period was 65 days, arginine had the highest content of 3309.11 mg/100 g. The total phenolic contents were high at 3.73 GAE mg/g on the 45 days, and the total flavonoid contents were also the highest at 9.04 RE mg/g on the 45 days. The contents of total ginsenoside was not noticeable for the growth periods (29.83 on 25 days→32.77 on 45 days→26.02 mg/g on 65 days). The ginsenoside Rg2 (0.62 mg/g), Re (8.69 mg/g), Rb1 (4.75 mg/g) and Rd (3.47 mg/g) had highest contents on 45 days during growth. The values of phenolic acids and flavonols were gradually increased to 45 days (338.6 and 1277.14 ㎍/g) and then decreased to 65 days. The major compounds of phenolic acids and flavonols were confirmed to benzoic acid (99.03-142.33 ㎍/g) and epigallocatechin (416.03-554.64 ㎍/g), respectively. The values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (44.27%), 2,4,6-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphnoic acid) diammonium salt (75.16%), and hydroxyl (63.29%) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (1.573) showed the highest activity on the 45 days as well as results of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2022

Objectives : This research was performed to analyze the components in the different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. and to compare which parts of L. salicaria L. are appropriate for food development. Methods : L. salicaria L. was extracted in 20% EtOH at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. Cytotoxicity was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells after treatment of 10-500 ㎍/ml L. salicaria L. for 24 hours. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was estimated using 1 N Folin-ciocateu reagent. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was estimated using DPPH reagent and gallic acid. The chemical composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 1) Results : The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the extracts of the whole plant, aerial parts, and root parts was 350 ㎍/ml, over 500 ㎍/ml, and 150 ㎍/ml, respectively. The TPC in the extracts of the whole plant, aerial parts, and root parts was 527.1 mg/g, 422.6 mg/g, and 781.1 mg/g, respectively. The averages of vitexin contents in the aerial parts, and root parts were 256.7 ± 154.9 ㎍/g and 266.1 ± 63.2 ㎍/g, respectively. The averages of TPC in the leaves, roots, flower stalks and stems were 224.0 ± 53.7 tannin acid (TA) mg/g, 221.8 ± 70.2 TA mg/g, 249.8 ± 34.4 TA mg/g, and 67.7±8.9 TA mg/g, respectively. The averages of DPPH radical scavenging activity in the leaves, roots, flower stalks, and stems were 282.01 ± 43.3 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 𝜇mole/g, 260.16 ± 44.1 GAE 𝜇mole/g, 288.0 ± 9.3 GAE 𝜇mole/g, and 97.6 ± 10.7 GAE 𝜇mole/g, respectively. Conclusions : There were no significant differences in the content of components or antioxidant activity in the aerial parts compared to those in the whole plant of L. salicaria L. Furthermore, the root parts had low extract yield, cytotoxicity, and quality control problems, therefore our results suggest that the use of the aerial part of L. salicaria L. would be the most appropriate for food development.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.310-316
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Septic arthritis of the knee is an orthopedic emergency that requires early diagnosis and surgical treatment. This study examined the effectiveness of drain insertion and irrigation in the treatment of septic arthritis of the knee under local anesthesia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on nine cases (eight patients) diagnosed with septic arthritis of the knee from September 2017 to February 2020 and treated with drain insertion and irrigation under local anesthesia. After penetrating through the superolateral portal to the superomedial portal and inserting the drain, daily irrigation of approximately 3 L of normal saline was done. The following were investigated: age, sex, underlying disease, cause, degree of osteoarthritis, time from diagnosis to surgery, duration of hospitalization, duration of normalization of C-reactive protein, and smear and culture. Results: The initial white blood cell count of joint fluid was 71,472±51,667/mm³ (32,400-203,904/mm³), and polymorphic leukocytes were 91.1%±2.6% (86%-95%). The average time from diagnosis to surgery was 8.3±1.3 hours (6-10 hours), and the irrigation period was 8.2±3.2 days (4-15 days). The average length of hospitalization was 20.8±8.7 days (9-37 days). There was no reoperation or recurrence. Smear and culture tests were not identified. Conclusion: In the treatment of septic arthritis of the knee, the insertion of a drain tube and irrigation under local anesthesia is a relatively fast and simple method to reduce pain by repetitive draining of purulent joint fluid and can be used as an alternative treatment for patients with a risk of general or spinal anesthesia.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.154-161
• /
• 2020

Purpose: To describe the clinical and radiology results of a surgical treatment for clinodactyly due to a longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed the records of 11 patients (27 case) with clinodactyly due to a longitudinal epiphyseal bracket who underwent an osteotomy or physiolysis between March 1999 and April 2017. The preoperative range of motion of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints, the subjective satisfaction of the patient, and the degree of angulation to the ulnar side were examined. The patients were classified into two groups: osteotomy and physiolysis. The results were reviewed retrospectively and compared according to the surgical method. Results: The mean age of the patients who underwent osteotomy was 10.3 years. The average preoperative angle was 25.7° and the average postoperative angle was 13.5° the mean correction rate was 47.4%. The mean age of the patients who underwent physiolysis was 6.0 years the mean preoperative angle was 24.5° and the postoperative angle was 10.7°. The average correction rate was 59.4%. No significant difference in the correction angles was observed between the group who underwent the correction osteotomy and the group who underwent the osteotomy. In each group, the postoperative correction was statistically significant. The range of motion at the last follow-up was not significantly different from the preoperative range of motion. Conclusion: In patients with clinodactyly due to longitudinal epiphyseal bracket, osteotomy or physiolysis may be performed selectively according to age, bone age, and radiological progression. Both surgical methods showed good clinical results and deformity correction.