• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the curriculum of the medical humanities and social medicine at 11 Colleges of Korean Medicine (CKM) based on the Korean Medicine Education Accreditation Standards 2021 (KAS2021) and suggest ways to improve the quality of Korean Medical education in the future. Methods: The curricula for each grade were collected from the websites of 11 CKM. Based on KAS2021, medical humanities and social medicine courses were extracted and compiled. Courses offered, frequency of course offerings, time of offerings, credits, and course hours were investigated. Results: Courses in languages and literature were most frequently offered in CKM. Most medical humanities and social medicine courses were offered in the pre-medical program and the fourth year of the medical program and were conducted as individual courses. Developing a curriculum that integrates conceptual definitions of the medical humanities and social medicine with basic and clinical studies is necessary. Conclusion: Eleven CKM should reorganize and operate their medical humanities and social medicine curricula based on each college's circumstances. This will allow each college to improve the quality of its educational offerings, creating a foundation for fostering excellent korean medicine doctors with professional medical skills and communication skills.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.171-173
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• 2021

This editorial briefly explains the overview of the special session papers of ICAMA (International Conference of Asian Marketing Associations)-KAS (Korea Advertising Society). We also present the general direction for progressing the development of AMJ. Most of all, this special session was made possible because of the contribution of Professor Kyunghee Bu, the Rhizomatic Revolution Review and the BTS ARMY.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61.3-61.3
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• 2021

We, on behalf of the Korean Gemini Office (KGO), introduce three proposal routes besides a standard semester program available for the Korean Gemini users: Fast Turnaround (FT), Director's Discretionary Time (DDT), and Poor Weather (PW). By presenting useful statistics and some examples implemented through these routes, we aim to provide the KAS members insights how well these observing routes have been utilized by the Gemini partners. Finally, we provide several useful suggestions to the KAS community for preparing these programs.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2021

Objective : The definitions and categories of subjects related to humanities and social medicine are still controversial, and we tried to find the areas lacking compared to the standards of medical education Method : Humanities and social medicine-related subjects of the World Medical Education Standards, ASK2019, and KAS2021 were reviewed, and humanities and social medicine subjects of the College of Korean Medicine were searched. We compared subjects with the medical school learning outcomes and Korean Medicine Doctors' job competency. In order to increase validity, two authors independently classified them. In case of different opinions, we revised after sufficient discussion Results : Humanities and social medicine-related subjects in the Korean Medicine curriculum appear to be sufficient when compared with WFME and ASK2019. The humanities and social medicine-related subjects of Korean Medicine schools were not distributed evenly throughout. The areas to be supplemented in Korean Medicine education were 'a diverse understanding of life and death', 'prevention and response to patient safety incidents', 'effective communication with health-related organizations and groups', 'social responsibility and reflective practice' and 'communication between health and medical professions'. Conclusion : Humanities and social medicine-related subjects in Korean Medicine education are sufficient, but they are not evenly distributed, and the areas listed above need to be reinforced.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2021

The study attempts to suggest potential problem and solutions expected in the process of implementing KASS, which is currently under development to improve the domestic navigation safety system, and to summarize improvement effects of domestic navigation safety system anticipated by the implementation of KASS. Challenges expected in the process of implementing KASS exists in four aspects: emotional, technical, cost, safety aspects. When KASS is implemented and operates, various benefits can be realized. Benefits include cost savings by not using navigation safety systems during takeoff and landing; reduction of flight delays and cancellations by removing airway congestion; increase of aircraft accommodation capacity; reduction of carbon emissions; preparation for future aviation demands and improvement of air transportation safety; and reduction of flight accidents. In conclusion, it is expected to enter into an era of more intense competition due to increased aviation demands. In order to survive in this competitive environment, early introduction of KASS is indispensable. Analysis results of this study are expected to provide reference information for academic research in this area. A possible future research topic include a study predicting the changes in the navigation safety systems introduced by KASS and proposing practical and useful ways to respond the changes.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-63
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• 2021

This study considers the stages of curriculum development for the integrated curriculum of Pusan National University Graduate School & Hospital of Korean Medicine, and specifically the KAS2021 (announced in 2019), improvement measures for the curriculum of the College of Traditional Korean Medicine, and the case of the College of Medicine. The introduction of integrated curriculum in the College of Traditional Korean Medicine starts from the members (doers)' agreement. In the process of development, the organization that represents the members, the organization that sets up a goal and designs the curriculum, and the organization that executes them should fulfill their own roles. The stage of development and operation should have the support system for manpower, institution, administration, and finance. The curriculum (draft) should be concrete enough to be operated in reality. For the smooth operation of integrated education, it is necessary to secure more full-time teachers than before, and it is also necessary to have an organization fully in charge of monitoring and improving the operation. For the introduction and operation of integrated curriculum in Traditional Korean Medicine education, the members' agreement, institutional change, support system, and the cultivation of manpower for the operation/evaluation/development of curriculum should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.63-89
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• 2020

Objectives : To suggest conditions that will allow for change in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) curricula through analysis of the failure of widespread acceptance of the integrated curriculum into all Traditional Medicine Colleges. Methods : First, the process of change between TKM education and medical education was compared. Next, the conditions that would stimulate change in TKM curricula were analyzed in three levels: structure, policy, and actor. Results : TKM colleges have not experienced a structural change from the six-year to four-year structure. The accreditation standards of TKM education (KAS2021) should be more supportive instead of forcing change, and the goals should be reset to education improvement instead of meeting the standards of WFME. The deans' leadership and professors' ownership over their subjects need to be modified. A group of professionals that could lead change is required, while other factors such as full-time professorships, clinical practice hours, obligatory teaching hours and overall teaching environment need to be improved. Conclusions : It would be ideal if individual TKM colleges created success models of curricula change-despite the time and effort that is required-that could spread to other colleges. After the new curriculum has been accepted in more that half of the total eleven TKM colleges, an institutional isomorphism can be demanded.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.20-29
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• 2021

As the feasibility of urban air mobility (UAM) service using electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft increases due to aircraft electrification, distributed propulsion, and artificial intelligence technologies, the U.S. and European aeronautical societies have been improving their certification system and regulations for the type certification of eVTOL. The improved certification system is expected to be ready in the near future, after the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) proposed the VTOL Special Condition, SC-VTOL in 2019. However, the current domestic certification system is still insufficient to properly respond to eVTOL. This study investigated the development trends of foreign eVTOL and certification systems, identified considerations to improve the domestic certification system, and proposed the measures for type certificates and type certificates validation of eVTOL based on the comparison between SC-VTOL and Korea airworthiness standards (KAS).

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.58.1-59
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• 2021

Exploration of asteroids' internal structure is essential for understanding their evolutional history. It also provides a fundamental information about the history of coalescence and collision of the solar system. Among several models of the internal structures, the rubble-pile model, confirmed by the near-Earth asteroid (25143) Itokawa by Hayabusa mission [1], is now widely regarded as the most common to asteroids with size ranging from 200 m to 10 km [2]. On the contrary, monolithic and core-mantle structures are also possible for small asteroids [3]. It is, however, still challenging to look through the interior of a target object using remote-sensing devices. In this presentation, we introduce our ongoing research conducted at Seoul National and propose an idea to infer the internal structure of Apophis using available instruments. Itokawa's research provides an important benchmark for Apophis exploration because both asteroids have similar size and composition [4][5]. We have conducted research on Itokawa's evolution in terms of collision and space weathering. Space weathering is the surface alteration process caused by solar wind implantation and micrometeorite bombardment [6]. Meanwhile, resurfacing via a collision acts as a counter-process of space weathering by exposing fresh materials under the matured layer and lower the overall degree of space weathering. Therefore, the balance of these two processes determine the space weathering degrees of the asteroid. We focus on the impact evidence on the boulder surface and found that space weathering progresses in only 100-10,000 years and modifies the surface optical properties (Jin & Ishiguro, KAS 2020 Fall Meeting). It is important to note that the timescale is significantly shorter than the Itokawa's age, suggesting that the asteroid can be totally processed by space weathering. Accordingly, our result triggers a further discussion about why Itokawa indicates a moderately fresh spectrum (Sq-type denotes less matured than S-type). For example, Itokawa's smooth terrains show a weaker degree of space weathering than other S-type asteroids [7]. We conjecture that the global seismic shaking caused by collisions with >1 mm-sized interplanetary dust particles induces granular convection, which hinders the progression of space weathering [8]. Note that the efficiency of seismic wave propagation is strongly dependent on the internal structure of the asteroid. Finally, we consider possible approaches to investigate Apophis's internal structure. The first idea is studying the space weathering age, as conducted for Itokawa. If Apophis indicates a younger age, the internal structure would have more voids [9]. In addition, the 2029 close encounter with Earth provides a rare natural opportunity to witness the contrast between before and after the event. If the asteroid exhibits a slight change in shape and space weathering degree, one can determine the physical structure of the internal materials (e.g., rubble-pile monolithic, thick or thin regolith layer, the cohesion of the materials). We will also consider a possible science using a seismometer.