• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2011

A right ideal I of a ring R is small in case for every proper right ideal K of R, K + I ${\neq}$ = R. A right R-module M is called PS-injective if every R-homomorphism f : aR ${\rightarrow}$ M for every principally small right ideal aR can be extended to R ${\rightarrow}$ M. A ring R is called right PS-injective if R is PS-injective as a right R-module. We develop, in this article, PS-injectivity as a generalization of P-injectivity and small injectivity. Many characterizations of right PS-injective rings are studied. In light of these facts, we get several new properties of a right GPF ring and a semiprimitive ring in terms of right PS-injectivity. Related examples are given as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.145-145
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• 2003

Familial form of Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in presenilin-1 (PS-1) and presenilin-2 (PS-2). PS1 and PS2 mutation are known to similar effects on the production of amyloid ${\beta}$ peptide (A${\beta}$) and cause of neuronal cell death in the brain of patient of AD. The importance of the alternation of cellular calcium homeostasis in the neuronal cell death by PS1 mutation in a variety of experimental systems has been demonstrated.(omitted)

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 2007

An experimental apparatus has been designed and prepared in order to measure a pressure loss coefficient of hydropneumatic components, which is an important parameter in a hydropneumatic system Blow-down system has been adopted for the experimental apparatu to meet the high flow energy requirement as well as the apparatus safety. Especially, pressure loss coefficient measurements of pyrostarter filters have been performed and the pressure loss coefficient, K of CQSF has been experimentally acquired. Then it is shown that the turbine inlet pressure $p_2$, which is predicted from the measured K, is in accord with the results of combustion tests. Moreover, the relation between K and combustion pressure $p_0$ has been presented and it is disclosed that the relation accords well with the results of combustion tests. It is anticipated that K of a filter could play a role in PS size reduction by rising up the combustion pressure resulting in increasing the burning rate of solid propellant.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of ${\ulcorner}Persicae\;Semen{\lrcorner}(PS)$ on the blood injected by Endotoxin in rats. The blood was induced by Endotoxin injection into the caudal vein of rats and PS group taken a measurement of RBC, Hb, Hct, Platelet, WBC, ESR, CRP. The results were obtained as follows: 1. RBC, Hb, Hct, Platelet, WBC were increased with statistical significance at PS group as compared with those of the control group. 2. ESR, CRP were decreased with statistical significance at PS group as compared with those of the control group. It is concluded that PS group has significant effects on the blood injected by Endotoxin in rats. Therefore, PS group seems to be applicable to the diseases related to Endotoxin in clinics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.324-327
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• 2002

For a next generation PET that realizes high sensitivity and high resolution, we proposed a design of a depth of interaction detector. A unit of the detector is constructed of four stages rectangular blocks of 2 by 2 Gd$_2$SiO$\sub$5/: Ce (GSO) crystal array optically coupled to position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT). The 256ch flat panel PS-PMT is under development by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., JAPAN. It has large cathode area, 51.7 by 51.7 mm$^2$, and the ratio of the effective area to external size is about 90%. The feature will contribute high packing fraction, accordingly high sensitivity. The 256 anodes are arranged in 16 by 16 at intervals of 3.0 mm. So as to evaluate the detector capability for identifying crystal of interaction, we got positioning image histograms with coupling a 16 by 5 array of GSO crystals, 2.9 by 2.9 by 7.5 mm$^3$, to the PS-PMT by irradiating a gamma ray uniformly from a point source. Flat panel PS-PMT is a new promising device for PET. We need to evaluate it if its performance is sufficiency. The performance was compared to the one with a 16ch PS-PMT.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2017

Three pseudo-silver eels (PS1~PS3) were found by analysis of silvering index and biological characteristics of 454 eels, Anguilla japonica, collected from the 9 sites of Korean fresh and brackish waters from September 2014 to August 2015. Two specimens (PS1~PS2) from Lake Soyang and one (PS3) from Geum river estuary were identified as pseudo-silver eel showing a large difference between silvering index and GSI. The external morphology of the pseudo-silver eels were in S2 (late silver eel) stage, but they were classified into Y1 (yellow eel) and Y2 (late yellow eel) stage in GSI, Gut index, Eye index and Y2 stage in gonadal development and mean egg diameter.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

The proteins in whey are separated and used as food additives. The remains (mainly lactose) are spray-dried to produce sweet whey powder, which is widely used as an additive for animal feed. Sweet whey powder is also used as a carbon source for the production of valuable products such as polysaccharides. Glucose, fructose, galactose, and sucrose as asupplemental carbon source were evaluated for the production of PS-7 from Azotobacter indicus var. myxogenes L3 grown on whey based MSM media. Productions of PS-7 with 2% (w/v) fructose and sucrose were 2.05 and 2.31g/L, respectively. The highest production of PS-7 was 2.82g/L when 2% (w/v) glucose was used as the carbon source. Galactose showed low production of PS-7 among the carbon sources tested. The effects of various carbon sources addition to whey based MSM medium showed that glucose could be the best candidate for the enhancement of PS-7 production using whey based MSM medium. To evaluate the effect of glucose addition to whey based media on PS-7 production, fermentations with whey and glucose mixture (whey 1, 2, 3%; whey 1% + glucose 1%, whey 1% + glucose 2% and glucose 2%, w/v) were carried out. Significant enhancement of PS-7 production with addition of 1% (w/v) and 2% (w/v) glucose in 1% (w/v) whey media was observed. The PS-7 concentration of 2% glucose added whey lactose based medium was higher than that of 1% glucose addition, however, the product yield $Y_{p/s}$ was higher in 1% glucose added whey lactose based MSM medium. Therefore, the optimal condition for the PS-7 production from the Azotobacter indicus var.myxogenes L3, was 1% glucose addition to 1% whey lactose MSM medium.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2006

Polystyrene, PS, particles of 450 nm diameter and poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate), PSS, particles of 140-160 nm diameter were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. The surfaces of the PS and PSS particles were coated with Ag nanoparticles for the application of antimicrobial agents by reduction of Ag ions using ${\gamma}$-irradiation. The Ag-PS and Ag-PSS were characterized by High-Resolution Transmittance Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS). The HR-TEM and EDXS data showed that the Ag nanoparticles were loaded on the surface of the PS and PSS particles, respectively. The antimicrobial efficiency of the Ag-PS and Ag-PSS particles (0.4 g) with ca. 100 ppm Ag, which was coated onto yam (KS K 0905-1996 rule), was tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 after 100 washing cycles (KS K 0432-1999 rule). The antimicrobial efficiency of the Ag-PS particles against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 was 99.9% after 100 cycles washing., confirming that the Ag-PS particles can be used as antimicrobial agents.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2018

This paper introduces a magnetic hysteresis monitoring result to apply an EM sensing technique for estimating tensile force of PSC girder to various class of PS tendon. The tensile force of PS tendon is a very important factor in the performance evaluation of PSC bridges. However, in this time, the tensile force was just measured only during construction and it does not monitored after construction. To measure the tensile force of PS tendons, the EM sensing based NDT method was developed but the proposed method cannot be applied to various class of PS tendons. Thus this study performed the magnetic hysteresis measurement according to the tensile force for class B, C and D PS tendons through experimental study. The specific tensile forces(50, 100, 150, 180kN) were induced to the each specimens and the magnetic hysteresis curve was measured at each point. The permeability of specimens were gradually decreased according to increase of tensile force. Especially, the slopes of permeability variation of class B and C were similar while that of class D was different.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1997

The hepatoprotective activity of six extracts (BE, EE, HH, PS-1, PS-2, KP) from Artimisia iwayomogi was investigated against experimentally produced hepatic damages. Silymarin, DDB and UDCA were used as reference compounds. Treatment with PS-1 extract reduced hepatic demages induced by $CCl_4$, acetaminophen and ANIT but it did not alter ethionine-induced hepatotoxicity In addition, PS-1 extract showed a protective effect against chronic $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity as well as liver regeneration. PS-2 and KP extracts exhibited significant antihepatotoxic effects on D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis. Treatment with EE extract inhibited ethionine-induced fatty liver. These data indicate that the PS-1 extract is the roost hepato-protective constituent and rationalize the traditional use of this plant in hepatobiliary disorders.