• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.28-36
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• 2022

This study analyzed 284 K-pop song and dance cover short-form videos recreated by Chinese influencers uploaded on TikTok, to explore which reform factors of image similarity, language similarity, the extent of audience participation leading, the extent of lyrics or subtitles translated into Chinese, PPL disclosure, the length of video and the reputation of influencer affected Chinese TikTok audiences' reactions - number of "Likes," "Comments" and "Shares." The results showed that only the "reputation of influencer" was significantly affected the number of "Likes" which estimated as a relatively passive response, but the other factors affected the number of "Comments" and "Shares" significantly which estimated as more active responses. The more an influencer is perceived as not similar to the singer in terms of image the more comments were posted. And the videos expressed in Korean archived more comments and shares than those lyrics or subtitles translated into Chinese. This study is meaningful in that it confirmed the necessity of influencers in the globe diffusion of K-pop, by specifically analyzing the audience's reactions according to the characteristics of UCCs created by local influencers using short-form video platforms.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

According to a recent KOFICE survey, K-Pop's popularity factor is divided into visual and auditory elements, and the importance of hearing elements is found. Among the various types of singers, idol groups led K-Pop and Black Pink, which topped the list of favorite K-Pop singers in 2018, was selected as the study target. In addition, Twice's music, which is similar to Black Pink's period of activity, has been set as a comparative research scope. The common features in the music of the two groups are the chorus and rhythm structure implemented around melody and Harmony rhythm, and the frequency of use of Major and Minor is greatly different. Through this method and modal interchange, K-Pop from 2016 to 2018 is analyzed. Research shows that first, more than one mode is used as a main melody. When more than one mode is used, different lines in the same line will vary depending on the functional form of the song. Second, the rhythm of the melody expressed with vocals and instruments is repeated based on a two-bar pattern. Finally, when using less chord and slowly expressing the igneous rhythms, there is a way to omit or modify the third notes that determine chord characteristics. Through this study, we can see that the usage patterns of the mode and modal interchange are divided according to the major and minor.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

K-Pop is powerful. Once considered to be at the periphery of global music scene, it is now reaching the whole world. Not surprisingly, the media, domestic and foreign, have scrambled to unlock the secrets of K-Pop's phenomenal growth. In doing so, they have not failed to highlight the underside of its success, such as cut-throat competition among idol-group members and the programmed member replacement by their agencies. One of the most notable characteristics in this process is called, in their business jargon, 'the graduation system'. This paper attempts to explicate this management practice unique to K-pop industry. To do so, this paper draws on Rene Girard's work on desires, particularly his notion of mimesis, violence and the scapegoat mechanism. Based on a documentary film, interactive online sites and a monograph that have chronicled how the K-pop girl group <9 Muses> have 'graduated' during their debut process, this paper applies, as its main analytical tool, the scapegoat mechanism and attempts to explore on its basis what 'the system' entails for the K-pop industry in general and the actors working within it in particular.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.581-594
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• 2015

The emergence of pop art in the 1960s exerted a profound impact on integrating art into the real lives of the general public, which continues in the current area of culture of post-industrial society. Thus, this study aims to attempt the popularization and modernization of Korean images by applying the concept of pop art to the development of a national symbolic image. This study utilized Mugunghwa, Taegeukgi, and the Great Seal, which are national symbolic images that establish the identity of Korea through differentiation, universality, and visual formativeness. It then proceeded with the development of neo-pop art motives and patterns using national symbolic images from the standpoint of symbolism, mix-match, and repetitiveness from among the characteristics of neo-pop art. This study carried out pattern design by departmentalizing each characteristic according to the standpoint of neo-pop art through scribbles composed of the following: Signs, pictograms, and childlike characters; drawing simplification for symbolism; a mix of the East and the West; a mix of subfashion and subculture for mix-match; the repetition of lines, characters, and icons; and the exaggeration and grotesqueness of characters and icons for repetitiveness. This study is expected to serve as momentum for raising the cultural value of Korea and for the development of a pattern design capable of achieving worldwide competitiveness through the combination of the permanence and continuity of national symbols with the popular universality of pop art.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.659-668
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• 2008

Today, Fashion illustration has been diversified in its usage and respotlighted in the significance of its artistry by artists' interpretation and subjective perspectives. The purpose of this study is to find out theoretical reestablishment of this extended expression sphere and possible expression coverage of Fashion illustration. First, based on the Fashion illustration works revealing expressive features of Pop Art, this study reviews major considerations of Fashion illustration, i.e. assemblage, silk screen and new possible perspectives respectively. Therefore, based on the reviews, this study seeks to deduce pop art characteristics of expression technique found in Fashion illustration. Expression modes of Pop Art are represented broadly by assemblage, silk screen and new perspectives. Based on corresponding case analysis, this study could come to find out the following expressive features of pop art revealed in Fashion illustration: First, it is found that contemporary Fashion illustration pursues unbounded expressions and unprecedented styles owing to material variety. Second, it is found that contemporary Fashion illustration tries to adopt new and experimental techniques including computer program. Third, it is found that Fashion illustration characterized mainly by expressive features of Pop Art shows and pioneer a wide variety of application spheres including commercials(ads), newspaper or magazine illustration and cartoon ads simply beyond designer's creative drawing. Furthermore, it is expected that Pop Art's expressive features shown in Fashion illustration will evolve through a fusion with various experimental techniques, and keep having cultural and artistic influence in the future as well.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.726-743
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• 2021

This study tried to examine the fashion design and style of representative K-Pop boy groups BTS and SEVENTEEN appearing on music shows. The data collection was conducted on 4 music programs(Inkigayo, Music Bank, Show! Music Core, M COUNTDOWN) and YouTube(www.youtube.com) for each boy who worked for 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020. Result analysis utilized the stage scenes and music videos of the title songs of BTS and Seventeen. As for the fashion design and style characteristics of BTS, it was found that overall, the color, pattern, and decoration of the bottom were minimized, and the style was changed mainly by the top of the denim pants. As for Seventeen's fashion design and style characteristics, it was analyzed that plain simple slacks, bright and modest chromatic colors, and geometric and stylistic patterns with street retro sensibility were relatively emphasized, and natural and romantic images appeared a lot. As a result of examining the differences in fashion design and style characteristics between BTS and Seventeen, significant differences were found in color, tone, color scheme, material type, material combination, detail, trimming, pattern, accessories, and fashion image. Overall, it was found that both groups minimized the use of decorative elements such as patterns, details, and trimmings.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2020

In November 2018, virtual pop band K/DA, with the use of holograms and actual K-pop girl group members, performed its debut album titled "POP/STARS" at the opening ceremony of the League of Legends S8 final, hosted by Riot Games. The fan culture that exists for real singers adapts itself to virtual bands, and K/DA, consisting of virtual characters, encouraging the production of user created content (UCC). However, this form of UCC is different from the most common one, meaning that this type of band generates another way of consuming content. Therefore, this study examines how K/DA's digital characters are transformed and reproduced by UCC and how the original producers' content differs from them. Firstly, the development of this study considers the open characteristics of UCC, such as user type, created motivation, created process, content type and sharing method. In the second part, the virtual idol Hatsune Miku and virtual band Pentakill will be analysed to understand UCC. Thirdly, K/DA will be analyzed as a case study based on three factors: created motivation, content type and sharing method. In this manner, this study aims to explain how UCC for virtual bands reproduce and consume original content and expand their commercial value.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.400-412
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• 2012

This study explores the characteristics and effects of a pop-up store based on how the store attributions of a pop-up store influence brand attitude and brand patronage intention. The questionnaire consisted of 3 instruments: store attributes, brand attitude, and brand revisiting intention. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regressions, using SPSS 18.0. We surveyed 123 males and females, who had an experience of a pop-up store, and interviewed five experts who work in the fashion related area. The results of this study were as follows. First, it was shown that VMD has positive impacts on brand patronage intention, but with no significant relationship to brand attitude. Second, a brand culture's experience of a pop-up store has a strong influence on brand attitude and brand patronage intention. Third, products in the store are the most important factors that influence brand attitude. The findings indicate that the promotion of diverse attributes of apop-up store is critical to make customers perceive brand attitude and brand patronage intention that are expected to be used to establish advanced marketing strategies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.28-37
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• 2019

It is apparently clear that K-pop has been expanding its influence overseas, with its high growth rate. As a result, attempts have been made to analyze the characteristics of K-Pop in various academic fields. This research quantitatively used the participatory use process of K-Pop contents in voluntary participation and dissemination of the audience in the Trans-Media environment. The author examined the use of participatory K-Pop contents from the view point of reparability through big data content analysis. It has been revealed that K-Pop is spreading globally through social media, fans of various countries like to play K-Pop, and they make up their own content and form a participatory culture. In addition, we looked at when the moments of momentum in which participatory use is soaring were popular content and who was the publisher.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.63-75
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• 2020

This paper researches the relationship between Youtube K-pop music video views and visual characteristics. K-pop music video, which is the subject of study has intrigued the world since 'Gangnam Style' became Youtube's most viewed video in 2012. This paper questions the existence of element that are related to music video views which is not externally visible and the availability of the discovering the specific element. Previous studies had difficulty in searching the inherent elements of the music video associated with views because they chose a research method that compares music videos based on one or two pieces of work and had a biased result. Therefore, this paper goals to divide nine music videos according to the number of views in three groups and analyze their visual characteristics to find out the differences between the groups and their each features. This paper will contribute to the development of music video field in Youtube market where the number of views is getting more important recently.