• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2006

In this study, an aspect of settlement, developed from different ground improvement method like suction drain method using vacuum pressure and vertical drain method using overburden pressure, was compared each other. In order to analyze settlement tendency of each method exactly, the finite element analysis program was used. The analyses of vertical settlement and lateral displacement for suction drain method and vertical drain method were conducted independently during the solving stage. The initial condition of drainage zone was fixed with 25m depth and 21m width. After the program analyses, the settlement condition had a different tendency with the ground improvement method. Especially, in the results of vertical drain method, the disparity of settlement between the middle of improved zone and unimproved zone. In the case of suction drain method, however, the difference of settlement was smaller than that of vertical drain method.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.142-146
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• 2004

Biological data and analysis tools are accumulated in distributed databases and web servers. For this reason, biologists who want to find information from the web should be aware of the various kinds of resources where it is located and how it is retrieved. Integrating the data from heterogeneous biological resources will enable biologists to discover new knowledge across the specific domain boundaries from sequences to expression, structure, and pathway. And inevitably biological databases contain noisy data. Therefore, consensus among databases will confirm the reliability of its contents. We have developed WeSAT that integrates distributed and heterogeneous biological databases and analysis tools, providing through Web Services protocols. In WeSAT, biologists are retrieved specific entries in SWISS-PROT/EMBL, PDB, and KEGG, which have annotated information about sequence, structure, and pathway. And further analysis is carried by integrated services for example homology search and multiple alignments. WeSAT makes it possible to retrieve real time updated data and analysis from the scattered databases in a single platform through Web Services.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to isolate and to identify a fungal pathogen Monilinia sp. KV-27 associated with apple anthracnose. Rotted Fuji apples were used for the isolation of the fungus. The infected tissues were sterilized with 70% ethanol, washed with sterilized distilled water and were transferred to 50 ml containing potato dextrose broth (PDB) flasks. The peripheral hyphae of the fungal colony which developed from the infected tissues were isolated on to potato dextrose agar (PDA). On PDA plates the fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and occupied more than half of a 9 cm petri dish within 5 days. The fungal cultures on PDA were used for morphological observation and identification of the fungus. Conidiophores were produced on the gray to whitish sporodochial structures scattered on PDA plates. These conidiophores gave rise to chains of conidia, which were branched and easily detached in water. These structures were dark brown to black and consisted of hyphal masses. Conidia produced on PDA plates were hyline or light colored, lemon shaped or ellipsoidal ($10-13{\times}8.5-11{\mu}m$) in size.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to isolate and to identify a fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sp. KV-21 associated with apple anthracnose. Rotted Gala apples were used for the isolation of the fungus. The infected tissues were sterilized with 70% ethanol, washed with sterilized distilled water and were transferred to 50 ml containing potato broth (PDB) flasks. The peripheral hyphae of the fungal colony which developed from the infected tissues were isolated on to potato dextrose agar (PDA). On PDA plates the fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and occupied more than half of a 9 cm petri dish within 5 days. The fungal cultures on PDA were used for morphological observation and identification of the fungus. Conidiophores were produced on the gray to whitish sporodochial structures scattered on PDA plates which gave rise to conidiogenous cells. The structures of the conidia produced on PDA plates were subcylindrical to obovoid, fusoid, tapered and 4 to $6\;{\mu}m$ in size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.114-119
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• 2003

단백질 구조를 비교하는 방법은 단백질 구조를 표현하는 기술에 따라 다양하게 존재한다. 일반적인 단백질 구조 정렬방법은 단백질 구조를 원자 또는 Residue를 기준으로 표현하고, 표현된 두 구조사이의 일치된 부분을 찾는 방법과 단백질 구조를 단백질 이차구조요소로 표현하고 표현된 두 단백질 구조를 정렬하는 방법으로 크게 구분된다. 이러한 단백질 구조 비교 방법은 단백질 구조의 유사성을 측정하는 과정에서 많은 시간을 요구할 뿐만 아니라 PDB에 저장된 데이터가 증가함에 따라 보다 많은 단백질과 비교가 요구된다. 따라서 대용량의 단백질 구조 데이터베이스를 대상으로 효율적으로 단백질의 유사 부분구조를 찾을 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 단백질 구조 비교를 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 수행하기 위하여, 기존의 단백질 이차구조 기반의 구조 표현 방법인 PSAML을 확장하여 단백질 이차구조가 가지는 공간상의 정보를 내포한 Topology String을 생성하고 이를 이용하여 대용량의 단백질구조 데이터베이스에서 유사성이 높은 단백질 구조를 필터링하는 방법에 대하여 기술한다. Topology String은 단백질 이차구조를 하나의 문자로 기술하여 아미노산 순서와 위상학적인(공간적인) 정보를 바탕으로 단백질 구조를 표현하여, 단백질 이차구조를 이용하여 구조 비교를 수행하기 이전에 유사성이 높은 단백질 구조를 신속하게 찾아내는데 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4352-4360
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• 2011

A four dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship analysis was applied to a series of 50 flavonoid inhibitors of $p56^{lck}$ protein tyrosine kinase by the molecular comparative electron topological method. It was found that the -log (IC50) values of the compounds were highly dependent on the topology, size and electrostatic character of the substituents at seven positions of the flavonoid scaffold in this study. Depending on the negative or positive charge of the groups correctly embedded in these substituents, three-dimensional bio-structure to increase or decrease -log (IC50) values in the training set of 39 compounds was predicted. The test set of 11 compounds was used to evaluate the predictivity of the model. To generate 4D-QSAR model, the defined function groups and pharmacophore used as topological descriptors in the calculation of activity were of sufficient statistical quality ($R^2$ = 0.72 and $Q^2$ = 0.69). Ligand docking approach by using Dock 6.0. These compounds include many flavonoid analogs, They were docked onto human families of p56lck PTKs retrieved from the Protein Data Bank, 1lkl.pdb.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2013

The tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 (TNFR1)-associated death domain protein (TRADD) contains an N-terminal TRAF binding domain and a C-terminal death domain. TRADD is known to interact directly with TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and the Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), which are signal transducers that activate NF-${\kappa}B$ and induce apoptosis, respectively. To date, there has been no structural information on the TRADD and FADD death domain (DDs) complex. In this study, the death domains of TRADD and FADD were co-expressed and purified from Escherichia coli for structural characterization. We found that human TRADD (hTRADD) interacted strongly with mouse FADD (mFADD) via their DDs and interacted weakly with human FADD (hFADD)-DD. Moreover, the structures of the TRADD-DD:FADD-DD complexes were separately modeled from predicted structures in the protein data bank (PDB). The results of this study will have important applications in human diseases such as cancer, AIDS, degenerative and autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2002

850 strains of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from soil of Chung-nam and Daejeon region using 0.5% calcium phosphate containing medium. The HS-2 strain with the highest rock phosphate-solubilizing activity was selected and identified as Azotobacter sp. HS-2 based on the microbiological characteristics. The optimum culture temperature and initial pH of medium for solubilization of rock phosphate were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0-7.0, respectively. Addition of oxalic acid(0.5M) into the PDB-rock phosphate medium increased 50% solubilization of rock phosphate.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.200-204
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• 1997

The effect of water potential ($\psi_W$) and temperature on mycelial growth and sclerotial production of Sclerotium cepivorum was determined in potato dextrose agar(PDA) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) adjusted to different $\psi_W$ with NaCI, KCI, sucrose or polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$. the growth of mycellium was not significantly af. fected by $\psi_W$ values between -1,970 and -2,240J/Kg, but severely decreased lower than -2,240J/Kg. Dry weight was slightly increased at $\psi_W$values between -450 and -2,240 J/Kg. The reduction of dry weight wasslower than the reduction of mycelial growth as the $\psi_W$ decreased. The mycelial growth and dry weight were more severely influenced on PEG amended media than on other osmotica amended media. About 50% reduction of mycelial growth and dry weight was occurred about -1,000 and -2240 J/Kg, respectively. The production of sclerotion of sclerotial production occurred between -450 and -810 J/Kg. Sclerotium was not produced lower than -2,240 J/Kg. Mycelial growth and sclerotial production was better at $25^{\circ}C$ as the $\psi_W$ decreased than at $20^{\circ}C$ which is optimal temperaturein the undmended media. The influence of $\psi_W$ on mycelial growth and sclerotial production of S. cepivorum adjusted with NaCl, KCI sucrose or polyethylene glycol showed similar patterns.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.121-136
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• 2002

The $CO_2$-rich springs in the Kyungpook Province has been found at 16 locations. Most of the $CO_2$-rich springs outflow along either fault zones or the geologic boundary between Mesozoic granites and their adjacent rocks. The $CO_2$-rich water samples show a high $CO_2$ concentration ( $P_{CO2}0.46 to 5.21 atm), weak acidic pHs, wide electrical conductivity values ranging from 422 to 2,280 $\mu\textrm{S}$/cm, and high re content. They are classified into the ca-HC $O_3$ type in chemical composition.$\delta$$^{18}$ O and $\delta$$^2$H data indicate that $CO_2$-rich water is meteoric origin. The $\delta$$^{13}$ C values (-1.5$\textperthousand$ to -6.1$\textperthousand$ PDB) suggest that dissolved $H_2$C $O_3$$^{0}$ C $O_3$- are mainly derived from a deep-seated $CO_2$ and carbonate minerals. The thermodynamic equilibrium state between $CO_2$-rich water and major minerals, and hydrochemical characteristics indicate that major source minerals determining the chemical composition of $CO_2$-rich water are carbonate minerals, plagioclase, K-feldspar and Fe-oxides. Under high $CO_2$ pressure and the weak acidic condition, most of the $CO_2$-rich water samples are thermodynamically in the dissolution state with respect to albite and carbonate minerals.