• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

Purpose. Based on the comparison and analysis with those of United States, the aim of this research is to find the problems in current management, operation and future directions of emergency medical service (EMS) fund in S. Korea and to provide basic resources and appropriate measures to make a right decision in policies for EMS fund. Methods. Data from Ministry of Health and Welfare and other various sources during 1995 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results. From our analyses, several problems are identified in EMS fund operation. In brief, problems discerned are as follows. First, whereas the purpose and direction of EMS fund operations in United States are highlighted and focused on pre-hospital EMS system and associated infrastructures which need to be constructed, those of S. Korea are emphasized mainly on the in-hospital EMS system so far. Second, on the contrary to the fact that the EMS funds in United States are tuned to pre-hospital EMS system to provide prompt and efficient emergency care at the emergency scene of pre-hospital stage and to achieve the development, design, planning and demonstration projects for pre-hospital EMS systems, up to date, our investment of EMS funds demonstrated an excess biased inclination toward the construction of in-hospital EMS system, which is far from the realization of constructive and vital pre-hospital infrastructures. Third, while emergency medical technician is important and principal body in the management of emergency medical funds in United States, so far, no EMS funds in S. Korea existed for EMTs including the job condition, improved treatment and working environment for them. Conclusion. In conclusion, we strongly suggest that the problems pointed out must be revised and corrected. Current usage of EMS fund needs to be redirected predominatly to pre-hospital EMS system. Otherwise, unless current management and investment of emergency medical funds in S. Korea are applied and used for the vital necessities and demands of EMTs, public EMS units and private EMS units as well as related units in pre-hospital EMS system as in the cases of United States, in our consideration, they must be suspended or abolished.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.514-522
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• 2014

A new type of high precision electromagnetic suspension (EMS) which can support heavy tray along long stroke rail is proposed in this paper. Compared with the conventional EMS, the suggested moving-core typed EMS has the levitation electromagnets (EMs) on the fixed rail. This scheme has high load capability caused by iron-core and enables simple tray structure. Also it does not have precision degradation caused by heat generation from EMs, which is a drawback of conventional EMS. With these merits, the proposed EMS can be an optimal contactless linear bearing in next generation flat panel display (FPD) manufacturing process if the ability of long stroke movement is proved. So a special Section Switching Algorithm (SSA) is derived from the resultant force and moment equations of the levitated tray which enables long stroke movement of the tray. In order to verify the feasibility of the suggested SSA, a simple test-setup of the EMS with 2 Section-changes is made up and servo-controlled in the simulation and experiment. The simulation shows the perfect changeover the EMs, and the experiment shows overall control performance of under ${\pm}40{\mu}m$ gap deviations. These results reveal that the newly suggested contactless linear bearing can simultaneously achieve high load capability and precision gap control as well as long stroke.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2015

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of NaCl concentration on the emulsifying and rheological properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MF)-stabilized soybean oil and fish oil emulsion (SO-EMs and FO-EMs). Emulsions (EMs) were prepared from 1% MF with 10% SO or FO at various NaCl concentration (0-0.5 M). The emulsifying ability index (EAI) of the EMs increased with increasing NaCl concentration for both oil types. Conversely, increasing NaCl manifested decrease in the emulsion stability index (ESI). In addition, creaming index (CI) also increased with NaCl concentration. From the microscopic observation, droplets of the EMs were more aggregated at relatively higher NaCl concentrations, especially for FO-EMs. All EMs had a gel-like structure owing to G' > G" from the rheological analysis. Comparing the oil types, the emulsifying capacity of SO-EMs was more stable than that of FO-EMs at all NaCl concentrations as determined from the CI value and microscopic observation. Therefore, it can be concluded that SO-EMs and FO-EMs are more stable at relatively lower concentrations of NaCl. In addition, the dispersed stability of SO-EMs was better than that of FO-EMs at the same concentration of NaCl.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2000

The present investigation was performed to elucidate the effect of pretreatment with low dose ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) on cell survival by trypan blue dye exclusion method and plasma membrane glycoconjugates by lectin-cytochemistry in sarcoma 180 (S180) cells. Pretreatment with 2 J/$m^2$ UV or 2 mM EMS increased the percentage of survival of cells subsequently treated with high dose UV (10 or 20 J/$m^2$) or EMS (10 or 20 mM), respectively. Staining intensity of concanavalin A (Con A) of the cells pretreated with 2J/$m^2$ UV or 2 mM EMS and subsequently treated with 10 or 20 mM EMS was stronger than that of the cellstreated with 10 or 20 mM EMS. These results suggest that there is an adaptive response on cell survival to EMS or UV in S180 cells. And the results show a change in mannose-containing glycoconjugates of plasma membrane in S180 cells pretreated with EMS or UV and subsequently treated with EMS.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1451-1456
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• 2013

This paper presents the improved zero power levitation control algorithm for a quadruple hybrid EMS (Electromagnetic Suspension) system. Quadruple hybrid EMS system is a united form of four hybrid EMS systems one on each corner coupled with a metal plate. Technical issue in controlling a quadruple hybrid EMS system is the permanent magnet's equilibrium point deviation caused by design tolerance which eventually leads to a limited zero power levitation control that only satisfies the zero power levitation in one or two hybrid EMS system among the four hybrid EMS system. In order to satisfy a complete zero power levitation control of the quadruple hybrid EMS system, the proposed method presented in this paper adds a compensating algorithm which adjusts the gap reference of each individual axe. Later, this paper proves the stability and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm via experiment and disturbance test.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.604-605
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• 2011

본 논문은 스마트그리드 환경에서 경제성 기반의 수요반응 효율을 얻기 위한 EMS 알고리즘 개발에 관한 것이다. EMS 시스템은 전력의 정확한 비용을 소비자에게 노출시킴으로써 전력 사용에 대한 소비자의 사용 패턴을 변화시키고 더 나아가 전력 자원을 효율적으로 배분하고자 한다. 경제성 수요반응은 전기요금의 시간대별 차등 책정을 특징으로 하며 개발된 EMS시스템은 RTP요금제를 바탕으로 실시간(RealTime), 양방향(Two-way), 상시(Economic)측면에서 전력회사와 소비자 모두에게 효율적인 인프라와 서비스를 제공하고자 개발되었다. 본 논문은 AMI기반 제주 수요반응 사업 과제로 개발된 EMS 시스템이며, 주택용(HEMS), 상가용(SMES), 빌딩용(BEMS)로 나누어 전력 소비자에 따른 EMS 알고리즘을 제시하고자 한다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2016

For many past years, research in the operation of stand-alone Microgrid, which provides electric power generated from renewable energy sources and energy storage system instead of diesel generators, has been a major issue in order to prepare the exhaustion of fossil fuel and to protect environment, in island grids. Samso Island, known as the world's first stand-alone Microgrid in Denmark, is connected to the mainland grid through AC system, which has different technical conditions with Korea's isolated power system. Korea's first stand-alone Microgrid has been built in Ga-sa island, Chun-la-nam-do, based on Energy Management System (EMS) operation, and other islands are under construction to follow the next step. These stand-alone Microgrid's has large capacity of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and the proportion of the renewable energy sources are large, which makes it necessary to use a Microgrid-Energy Management System (MG-EMS) to operate the grid effectively and economically. However, since the main subject of MG-EMS is different from EMS, specific characteristics and functions must be different as well. In this paper, the necessary characteristics and functions are explained for a general MG-EMS compared to a large power system EMS.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.130-132
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• 1992

Many different industries use Supervisory Control and Data Acqisition/Energy Management Systems (Scada/EMS) to guide a wide range of operations and processes. This paper provides an overview of the functions of Scada/EMS and the fundamentals of operation of Scada/EMS. The paper concludes with the current trends toward open systems, distributed architecture, improved man-machine interface(MMl), advanced applications, artificial intelligence(AI), distribution automation, smarter remote terminal units(RTUs)and expended system scope.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.79_80
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• 2009

전력계통 운영을 위하여 사용되고 있는 에너지관리시스템(EMS)의 다양한 계통해석 프로그램들이 온-오프의 환경에서 급전원의 계통운영 의사결정을 지원하기 위하여 활용되고 있다. 그러나 EMS 환경에서 계통해석 프로그램 운영에 대한 성패는 프로그램 자체의 효율성과 신뢰성도 중요하지만, 프로그램 운영의 기반이 되는 시스템 플랫폼의 성능으로부터도 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 EMS 계통해석 환경의 구축에서 시스템 플랫폼 성능과 영향을 고려하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 대규모 전력회사들이 운영하고 있는 EMS 환경에서의 전력계통해석 응용 프로그램들을 효율적 관리하고 운영하기 위하여 이용되는 시스템 플랫폼 기반의 Network Application Manager (NAM)에 대한 프로세스 아키텍쳐의 요구사항과 구축방안에 대하여 현재 개발중인 한국형 EMS(K-EMS) 개발사례를 기반으로 소개하였다.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Since somatic embryogenesis combined with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS) treatments is the most efficient technique for mutagenesis, the embryogenic capacity of four soybean cultivars was evaluated at different EMS concentrations, treatment times, and preculture durations. Two to 4 mm long immature cotyledons were placed in induction medium after EMS treatment, and the numbers of somatic embryos formed per explant were counted four weeks after culture initiation. We observed genotypic differences in the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos among four cultivars treated with different concentrations of EMS for six hours. Cultivars, Sinpaldalkong 2 and Jack, displayed highly efficient somatic embryogenesis regardless of EMS concentration, whereas very low efficiency or no survival was observed in Jinju 1 and Iksannamulkong cultivars. Preculture duration did not influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. Because Sinpaldalkong 2 exhibited the best somatic embryogenesis, much higher concentrations of EMS were used to test somatic embryo formation under different periods of time in this cultivar. Three and six hour treatments with both 1 and 2 mM EMS yielded higher embryo formation than longer periods of time. Increasing the time with embryos in 2 mM EMS caused a reduction in somatic embryogenesis in Sinpaldalkong 2, but many chlorophyll-deficient soybean variants were identified in the $M_1R_0$ and $M_2R_1$ generations. In addition to Jack, Sinpaldalkong 2 is a good genotype for plant regeneration from EMS-treated immature embryo cultures.