• 제목/요약/키워드: K-40

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돼지의 급성 심인성 쇼크 모델에서 DKUH-75 좌심실보조키의 유용성에 관한 연구 (The Feasibility of the DKUH-75 Left Ventricular Assist Device for Acute Cardiogenic Shock in Pigs)

  • 박성식
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.168-179
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    • 2007
  • 배경: 최근 관상동맥 질환의 증가로 심근경색으로 인하여 약물에 반응하지 않는 급성 심인성 쇼크 및 만성 울혈성 심부전 환자가 증가하는 추세에 있으며, 개심술 후 여러 가지 원인으로 인공심폐기로부터의 이탈이 불가능한 경우도 상당수에 이르고 있어서 이에 적절히 대처할 수 있는 한국인의 체형에 맞고 경제적인 심실보조기의 개발이 필요하다. 이에 저자는 돼지에서 허혈성 전처치의 개념을 이용하여 관상동맥 결찰을 통한 급성 심인성 쇼크 상태를 유발시키고, 여기에 단국대학교 의과대학 의공학교실과 흉부외과학교실에서 공동으로 개발한 DKUH-75 공압식 박동형 심실보조기를 구동시켜, 실제 생명을 위협하는 심한 심근경색 상태와 유사한 환경에서 심실보조기 구동이 실험동물의 혈역학적 수치 및, 심초음파도 상 심기능 수치 등 급성 심인성 쇼크 상태에서 악화되는 지표들을 호전 시킬 수 있는지를 확인하여 DKUH-75 좌심실보조기의 유용성에 대하여 평가 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 10마리의 몸무게 50 kg 전후의 잡종돼지를 사용하여 허혈성 전처치의 개념을 이용한 관상동맥 좌전하행지 결찰을 통해 급성 심인성 쇼크 상태를 유발하고, 이들 중 5마리의 실험동물에 DKUH-75 좌심실 보조기를 장착하였다. 10마리의 실험동물 모두에서 관상동맥 결찰 전, 결찰 후 1시간에 혈역학적 수치와 심초음파도상 심기능 수치를 측정하였고 심실보조기를 장착한 5마리의 실험동물에서는 심실보조기 구동 후 1시간에 동일한 수치들을 추가 측정하였다. 결과: 관상동맥 결찰을 통하여 급성 심인성 쇼크를 유발한 10마리의 실험동물에서 관상동맥 결찰 전, 결찰 후 1시간의 혈역학적 측정결과 체동맥압(수축기, 이완기, 평균)은 결찰 후 통계적으로 유의하게 하강하였다. 페동맥압도 수축기, 이완기, 평균 모두 상승하였고 좌심실 이완기 말기압도 결찰 후 상승하였으며, 심박출 지수는 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 심외막 심초음파도로 측정한 좌심실 수축기말 내경도 결찰 후 유의하게 증가하였으며 분획단축 및 좌심실구혈률은 감소하였다. 심실보조기를 장착한 5마리의 실험동물에서 관상동맥 결찰 1시간 후와 심실보조기 작동 1시간 후의 혈역학적 측정치를 비교하였을 때 수축기 체동맥압과 평균 체동맥압이 유의하게 상승하였으며 폐동맥압은 수축기, 이완기, 평균 모두에서 하강하였고 좌심실 이완기 말기압도 심실보조기 구동 후 유의하게 하강하였다. 심박출 지수는 심실보조기 구동 후 통계적으로 의미 있게 증가하였다. 또한 심외막 심초음파도로 측정한 좌심실 수축기말 내경은 심실보조기 구동 후 유의하게 감소하였으며 분획단축 및 좌심실구혈률은 통계적으로 의미 있게 증가하였다. 결론: DKUH-75 심실보조기는 관상동맥 결찰을 통한 심근경색으로 유발시킨 급성 심인성 쇼크 상태의 실험동물에 장착하여 단기간 구동한 결과 각종 혈역학 수치 및 심초음파도 상 심기능 수치를 개선시키고 이를 통하여 심근 기능 회복에 기여할 것으로 사료되었다. 이는 광범위한 심근경색으로 인한 급성 심인성 쇼크 상태에서 DKUH-75 심실보조기의 단기적 유용성을 의미하는 것이라 하겠다.

협소한 대동맥판륜 환자에서의 대동맥판막 치환술; 대동맥판륜 확장술군과 환자-인공판막 부조화군의 비교 (Small Aortic Annulus in Aortic Valve Replacement; Comparison between Aortic Annular Enlargement Group and Patient-prosthesis Mismatch Group)

  • 김재현;오삼세;이길수;신성호;백만종;나찬영
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.200-208
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    • 2007
  • 배경: 대동맥판막 치환술 후 발생하는 환자-인공판막 부조화(patient-prosthesis mismatch, PPM)가 환자의 경과에 어떠한 영향을 주는가에 대해서는 아직 논란의 여지가 있다. 이 연구는 대동맥판막 치환술 후 PPM이 발생한 환자군과 PPM을 예방하기 위해 대동맥판륜 확장술을 시행한 환자군 간의 수술 결과와 경과를 비교해 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 1월부터 2006년 2월까지 stent가 있는 조직판막 혹은 기계판막을 이용하여 대동맥판막 치환술을 시행 받은 627명의 성인 환자를 연구대상으로 하였다. 치환된 대동맥판막의 indexed effective orifice area (iEOA)가 $0.85cm^2/m^2$ 이하인 경우를 PPM으로 정의 하였고 $0.65cm^2/m^2$ 이하는 심한 PPM으로 정의하였다 PPM은 103명(16.4%, PPM군)에서 발생하였고 심한 PPM은 11명(1.8%, SPPM군)에서 발생하였다. 동일한 연구 기간 동안 대동맥판륜 확장술을 시행 받은 환자(Annular Enlargement군, AE)는 모두 21명이었다. 결과: AE군의 평균 iEOA는 PPM군보다 더 컸다($0.95\;vs.\;0.76cm^2/m^2,\;p=0.00$). AE군은 PPM군보다 심폐바이패스 시간, 심장허혈 시간 및 수술 시간이 더 길었으며 수술 사망률이 더 높은 경향을 보였다(14.3% vs. 2.9%, p=0.06). 술 후 가장 최근에 시행한 심초음파 검사에서 SPPM군은 대동맥판막 판구 압력차(최고/평균)가 AE군보다 더 높게 나타났으며(72/45 mmHg vs. 38/25 mmHg, p=0.02/0.06), 대동맥판막 관련 문제(대동맥판막 재치환술 혹은 심한 대동맥판막 협착)가 더 많이 발생하였다(45.5% vs. 9.5%, p=0.03). 또한 대동맥판막 관련 문제가 발생한 환자들에서는 좌심실 심근량 감축(regression)을 관찰할 수 없었다. 결론: 협소한 대동맥판륜을 가진 환자에서 대동맥판륜 확장술의 시행여부는 대동맥판륜 확장술 자체의 위험도와 환자 상태 및 동반 질환 등을 함께 고려하여 신중히 결정하여야 한다. 하지만 대동맥판막 치환술 후 심한 PPM이 예상되는 환자에서는 대동맥판륜 확장술이 대안으로 이용될 수 있다.

Relaxin Hormone의 직접젇인 작용에 의한 돼지 유선상피세포의 발달과 세포외간 기질의 분해개조 촉진 (Direct Action of Relaxin on the Pig Mammary Glands to Promote Development of the Alveoli and Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix)

  • 민계식
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제46권4호
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    • pp.585-592
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    • 2004
  • 돼지에 있어서 약 115일간의 임신 기간 중 마지막 40일 동안에 유선 내에서 유액도관(duct), 분비소엽(lobules), 분비낭포(alveoli) 등의 parenchyma 조직이 현저하게 발달하게 되는데, 이는 단백질 호르몬 relaxin과 estrogen의 공동작용에 기인하여 촉진되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근에는 면역조직화학적 실험방법을 통해 relaxin hormone이 유선조직 세포(mammary gland parenchyma cells)에 직접적으로 작용하여 lobuloalveolar의 발달을 촉진할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하였다. 즉 Relaxin에 특이적이고 포화 가능한 Relaxin의 결합부위가 lobulo-llveolar 구조 및 유액도관(lactiferous duct)의 상피세포(epithelial cells)뿐만 아니라 혈관세포에서도 존재함을 관찰하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 유선조직 세포에 존재하는 relaxin 결합부위가 기능적으로 활성을 지닌 relaxin 수용체(functional relaxin receptor)인지를 규명하고 동시에 relaxin hormone이 유선조직 세포에 직접적으로 작용하여 lobulo-alveolar의 발달을 촉진하는 지에 대한 직접적인 증거를 제공하는 데 있다. 정상적인 생리주기를 가진 3마리의 생후 7개월 된 잡종재지에 대하여 양쪽 난소를 모두 제거하는 양측난소 절제시술(Bilateral ovariectomy)을 실시하였다.(day 0). 난소 절제시술 후 15일부터(day 15) 29일(day 29)까지 각 개체별로 estradiol benzoate(1 mg/2 ml /Com oil)를 12시간 간격으로 근육주사 하였다. 시술 후 22일째부터(day 22) 순수 정제된 relaxin을 miniature osmotic pump를 통하여 몸의 anterior end로부터 왼쪽부위의 4번째 유선에 일정한 속도(1 ug/hr)로 주입하기 시작하였으며, 동일한 개체의 오른쪽 부위의 4번째 유선에는 동일한 방업으로 생리적 식염수(대조군)을 주입하였다. 난소 절제수술 후 29일째(day 29) 각 개체를 희생하여 젖꼭지의 base로부터 1cm 떨어진 지점에서 osmotic pump의 위치로부터 가까운 parenchyma 조직 시료를 채취하여 약 5-mm cube으로 자른 다음 조직학적 분석을 위한 일반적 조직시료 처리과정을 시행하였다. 조직절편을 Weigert's iron hematoxylin과 함께 염색한 다음 Olympus AH-2 광학현미경을 이용하여 lobulo-alveolar의 발달과 세포외간 섬유사인 collagen의 밀도와 정렬정도를 조사하였다. 생리식염수로 처리된 유선조직에 있어서는 lobulo-alveolar의 발달이 거의 일어나지 못한 반면, relaxin을 처리한 유선조직은 lobulo-alveolar의 현저한 발달을 보였을 뿐만 아니라 분비낭포(alveoli) 내에서는 두드러진 분비물이 존재하였다. 또한 식염수로 처리된 유선조직에서는 비교적 조밀하고 매우 잘 발달된 collagen 섬유사 묶음을 가진 세포의 간 기질의 특징을 보였으나, relaxin 호르몬이 처리된 유선조직에서는 collagen 섬유사가 비교적 분산되어 있고 느슨하며 덜 조밀한 구조적 특징을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 결과는 유선조직 내의 특이적 relaxin 결합세포가 기능적으로 활성을 지닌 relaxin 수용체를 함유하고 있으며, relaxin hormone이 유선조직 세포에 직접적으로 작용함으로써 lobulo-alveolar의 발달을 촉진함을 보여준다.

상승된 이산화탄소와 온도 그리고 한발 영향에 따른 감자의 군락 형태와 무기영양 변화 (Impact of Elevated Carbon Dioxide, Temperature, and Drought on Potato Canopy Architecture and Change in Macronutrients)

  • 이윤호;조현숙;김준환;상완규;신평;백재경;서명철
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제63권2호
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    • pp.164-173
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 옥외환경조절 시설인 SPAR챔버에서 향후 기후변화가 지속 될 경우 상승된 이산화탄소와 온도 그리고 한발에 따른 감자의 군락 형태와 무기영양 변화에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. AT+2.8C700는 상승된 $CO_2$와 고온에 의하여 초장과 엽면적 그리고 건물중이 상당히 증가 하였고, AT+2.8C700DS는 한발의 영향으로 상당히 감소하였다. 2. 수확기에서 잎은 AT+2.8C700은 ATC450에 비하여 질소와 인산이 감소한 반면 칼륨, 칼슘 그리고 마그네슘 농도가 증가하였다. 괴경은 질소, 인산 그리고 칼륨이 감소하였으며, 칼슘과 마그네슘은 변화가 없었다. 반면, AT+2.8C700DS는 한발의 영향으로 무기영양 농도가 상대적으로 다른 처리비하여 낮았지만, 마그네슘 농도만 증가하였다. 3. $CO_2$와 온도 상승을 보면 AT+2.8C700는 ATC450에 비하여 질소 농도의 감소로 26% 단백질 함량이 감소를 하였다. 한발을 받은 AT+2.8C700DS보다 AT+2.8C700는 단백질 함량이 20%가 감소 하였다. 4. 따라서 상승된 $CO_2$ 농도와 한발은 무기영양의 변화뿐만 아니라 광합성 관련된 당과 아미노산 같은 2차 대사물질도 변화와 인간의 단백질 섭취에도 영향을 줄 것이다.

대전시 시민의 치과의료서비스에 관한 만족도 조사연구 (A Study on the Dental Service Statifation of Cityizens in Deajeon)

  • 성보견
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2008
  • This study reached the following conclusions as a result of carrying out the questionnaire survey of self-descriptions for the satisfaction after the citizens of Daejon uses the dental clinics, in order to identify the factors of satisfaction to the medical services of such dental clinics to be utilized in the patient management by dental hygienists, provide the basic data to provide the medical services desired by patients. 1. 43.9% men responded to the facilities and 56.1% women to the atmosphere for the standards of selection of dental clinics by general characteristic, and the college graduates or more to the kindness (38.2%), high-school graduates (43.2%) and middle-school graduates (25.9%) or less to the close distance for the level of educational attainment (p=0.009), which was meant to have a statistical significance. 2. The execution of reservation system for the dental clinics showed 54.7%, the reserved time was observed upon the execution of such reservation system, the dental clinics where they practice such system were 40.6%, and the confirmation methods was done through the telephone with 62.5%. 3. The experience of fear upon the dental treatment showed 74.6%. The type of fear showed the machine sound (48.7%) for men and cry of others for women (70.8%) at the highest. 70% of those under 30 at the age responded to the sharp instruments at the highest. 83.3% of Yousung-gu showed the highest by responding to the cry of others for the residential areas. The statistically significant difference was shown in both the age and residential area (p=0.000). 4. Women showed higher in the distribution of gender for the sterilization of instruments for the external satisfaction of dental clinics(p=0.000) and those under 30 at the age showed the highest with 2.98${\pm}$0.95(p=0.001). Seo-gu (3.48${\pm}$0.77) was the highest for the residential area (p=0.000), and there was statistically significant differences in the gender, age and residential area. 5. Men showed higher satisfaction than women in the clean state and the statistically significant differences were shown (p=0.000) at the age as the high satisfaction was shown for those under 30 at the age (2.35${\pm}$0.79), those having the income not less than 10 million won and not more than 20 million won (2.43${\pm}$0.78), and Seo-gu (2.63 ${\pm}$0.69) for the residential area. 6. For the internal satisfaction of dental clinic by users for the medical services in the dental clinics, 61.1% women responded to no in the ability of solving the inconvenience in the service process, and showed low ability of solving the inconvenience from 30 at the age (26.2%) and by responding to Dong-gu (22.1%) for the residential area, showing statically significant differences(p=0.000). For the re-use of dental clinics, 46.6% men (p=0.043) for the gender, 24.3% under 30 at the age and 22.9% of Dong-gu for the residential area responded to the re-use, showing statistically significant differences for the gender and residential area (p=0.000). 7. The dissatisfaction showed a high rate of 69.5% for the satisfaction to the medical services of dental clinics. 46.2% men responded to the pain and women to the feeling of foreign substance for the reason of dissatisfaction while those under 30 at the age showed 55.6% for others, those between 50 and 59 41.7% for the feeling of foreign substance. 86.3% carried out the education for cautions after the treatments and most people turned out that they do not carry out the continuous health management of mouth as 20.5% responded to that they carry out such health management.

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근관내 주요 혐기성 병인균에 대한 수종 항생제와 근관충전용 세멘트의 항균효과에 관한 연구 (ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ROOT CANAL CEMENTS ON THE PREDOMINANT PATHOGENIC ANAEROBIC MICROFLORA IN ROOT CANALS)

  • 배광식
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.515-525
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of anaerobic microorganisms to certain antibiotics and root canal cements. Prevotella intermedia(Bacteroides intermedius) ATCC 25611(serotype A), Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 which are the predominant pathogenic anaerobes in dental root canals were cultured in BHI for 48 hours(Fig.1). After each $200{\mu}l$ of those broths with microorganisms was streaked on each surface of blood agar plate, 2 to 5 antibiotic discs which are impregnated with Tetrncycline, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Clindamycin, or Vancomycin were applied on each surface of blood agar plate and cultured for 5 days anaerobically in the anaerobic chamber (Fig.2). 15 antibiotic discs for each kind of antibiotics and each species of microorganisms were tested. Also each kind of root canal cement tubes which include Zinc oxide eugenol cement, Zinc phosphate cement, Calcium hydroxide powder+DD.W., Calcium hydroxide paste(Pulpdent Tempcanal), or Vitapex(Table 1) were applied on the inoculated BAPs after $200{\mu}l$ of each experimental species of microorganisms was streaked on the surface of blood agar plates, and they were cultured for 5 days anaerobically in the anaerobic chamber(Fig.3). The sensitivity(antimicrobial effect) was determined by the diameter of the inhibition zone. The results are as follows: 1. The results of antibiotic susceptibility test(Table 2) 1) All of the tested antibiotics had antimicrobial activity with various degrees. 2) In Prevotella intermedia (old Bacteroides intermedius), the diameter of inhibition zone to Erythromycin($37.87mm{\pm}2.20$) was largest, those to Tetracycline($26.20mm{\pm}2.96$), Vancomycin($21.53mm{\pm}1.96$), Clindamycin($18.73mm{\pm}0.96$) was smaller than former orderly, and That to Ampicillin ($7.87mm{\pm}0.83$) was smallest. 3) In Actinomyces viscosus, the diameter of inhibition zone to Erythromycin($28.73mm{\pm}1.22$) was largest, those to Ampicillin($21.73mm{\pm}1.03$), Clindamycin($21.33mm{\pm}1.59$) was similarly next order, that to Vancomycin($19.00mm{\pm}1.96$) was smaller than Clindamycin, and that to Tetracycline($11.93mm{\pm}0.70$) was smallest. 4) In Fusobacterium nucleatum, the diameter of inhibition zone to Ampicillin($31.07mm{\pm}1.91$) was largest, that to Erythromycin($28.87mm{\pm}0.92$), Clindamycin($20.47mm{\pm}1.51$), Vancomycin ($16.73mm{\pm}0.96$), Tetracycline ($12.13mm{\pm}1.06$) are smaller than former orderly. 2. The results of root canal cements and pastes(Table 3) 1) The external diameter of tube is 4mm, so 4mm of the inhibition zone diameter means non-susceptable. Prevotella intermedia (old Bacteroides intermedius) was non-susceptable to Calcium hydroxide powder+D.D.W., Calcium hydroxide paste(pulpdent Tempcanal), and Actinomyces viscosus was non-susceptable to Zinc phosphate cement, Calcium hydroxide powder + D.D.W., Calcium hydroxide paste(pulpdent Tempcanal). 2) In Prevotella intermedia (old Bacteroides intermedius), the diameter of inhibition zone to Zinc oxide eugenol cement($13.67mm{\pm}3.30$) was largest, that to Vitapex($9.20mm{\pm}2.96$), Zinc phosphate cement($6.13mm{\pm}2.07$) was smaller than former. 3) In Actinomyces viscosus, the diameter of inhibition zone to Zinc oxide eugenol cement($17.40mm{\pm}5.20$) was largest and that to Vitapex($8.80mm{\pm}1.70$) was next order. 4) In Fusobacterium nucleatum, the diameter of inhibition zone to Vitapex($42.33mm{\pm}17.2$) was largest and those to Calcium hydroxide paste(Pulpdent Tempcanal)($14.47mm{\pm}3.72$) and Zinc oxide eugenol cement($8.93mm{\pm}2.71$), Zinc phosphate cement($8.20mm{\pm}2.27$), Calcium hydroxide powder+D.D.W.($5.53mm{\pm}2.10$)was next orderly. And then In Zinc oxide eugenol cement and Zinc phosphate cement group, two of fifteen samples showed no inhibition zone, in Calcium hydroxide powder + D.D.W. group, 8 of 15 samples showed no inhibition zone.

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Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP가 생쥐여포난자의 성숙에 미치는 억제효과에 관한 자기방사법적 연구 (Autoradiographic Studies on the Inhibitory Effect of Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP on Mouse Oocyte Maturation in Vitro)

  • 최춘근
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.21-43
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    • 1977
  • This experiment was undertaken in order to localize the labeled dbcAMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) in oocytes whose development has been suppressed by cold dbcAMP for 6 or 19 hours in vitro. Mouse oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of 3-4 week old A strain female mice, by puncturing the Graafian follicles in the modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate salt solution under the dissecting microscope. Those oocytes which have intact germinal vesicle were cultured in the basic culture medium supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cultivation of the oocytes was carried out in a microtube developed by Cho (1974). The cultures were then incubated in a humidified 5% $CO_2$ incubator maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 or 19 hours (Donahue, 1968). DbcAMP was added to culture medium for a final concentration of 100ug/ml, and $^3H-dbc$ AMP (specific activity 13 Ci/mM) for a final concentration of $40{\mu}Ci/ml$ was also added to the medium. For electron microscopic autoradiography, those oocytes recovered from the culture were washed with phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and immediately prefixed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde overnight and postfixed for 2 hours at $4 ^{\circ}C$ in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer with pH 7.4 (Palade, 1952). After fixation, the materials were dehydrated in graded alcohol series and embedded in Epon 812 mixture based on the standard procedures (Luft, 1961). The thin sections $600-700{\AA}$ thick were mounted on the grids of 200 meshes. The grids containing sections were coated with a nuclear emulsion Kodak NTB-3 and stored in a cold dark box (at $4^{\circ}C$) for 3 weeks. After exposure, the samples were developed with Kodak D-19 and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Routine observation was made with Hitachi HU-11E electron microsocope. The results of the observation were as followings: 1. It was found that the labeled dbcAMP penetrated the egg plasma membrane and dispersed at random in the cytoplasm. 2. It was also observed that most of the labeled dbcAMP was attached to microfibrillar lattices portion of the oocyte cytoplasm. There fore, it is presumed that the receptor of the dbcAMP is localized in the microfibrillar lattices of the oocyte. 3. It also seems that some other cell organells such as mitochondria, Golgi complex, cortical granules are not directly related to the action of the dbcAMP. 4. The labeled dbcAMP was neither observed in the membrane nor in the nucleus. Therefore, it seems that there is no relationship between the concentration of dbcAMP and the nuclear membranous permeability. 5. There was no difference in number of dbcAMP particles when oocytes were cultured for 6 hours and 19 hours. 6. However, it was observed that, in same of the oocytes suppressed in germinal vesicle by dbcAMP for 19 hours, cell organells were moved and concentrated to a small portion of the cytoplasm, and that the morphology of the organells greatly changed to an abnormal. form. Therefore, it is supposed that those oocytes were in the process of degeneration. From the above results, it is expected that dbcAMP penetrated the egg membrane and was bound to the receptor which seems to be located in the microfibrillar lattiees portion, and that this dbcAMP-receptor complex inhibited some enzyme system of the oocytes which are essential for the germinal vesicle breakdown.

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감천예천구간 국도비탈면 종자뿜어붙이기 시험시공 적용사례 (Application Cases of Test Construction of Hydro-Seeding Measures on the Slopes Along the National Road Between Gamchon and Yaechon)

  • 전기성;우경진
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.139-151
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    • 2007
  • To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes and ground-raised slopes and to recover environment-friendly slopes at the national road expansion construction between Gamchon and Yaechon, test-construction work was done using several modes of hydro-seeding measures to select a suitable construction method through the field survey; the results were as follows : As a result of survey on physio-chemical characteristics of soil, the average soil inclination on ground-raised slopes was from 4.73 mm to 5.37 mm; the average soil acidity was from pH 6.47 to 6.73; the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.57~1.70 %,; the average soil inclination on ground-cutting slopes was 9.17~10.43mm; the average soil acidity was pH 6.67~6.77 and the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.53~1.27 %; considered overall, they showed generally satisfactory base materials for plant breeding. As a result of the number of sprouting individuals, the average sprouting number of individuals on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction methods and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spots executed by furrow-digging with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were 1,172 number of per square meter and 970 number of per square meter respectively; thus they showed higher numerical value comparing with other test spots. Likewise, the average number of sprouting individuals on test spots of the ground-cutting slopes executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spot executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were found to be 1,107 number of per square meter and 1,105 number of per square meter respectively, whose numerical value showed rather higher other test spots. As a result of a survey on living plants' breeding index [dried weight], the weight in dried state on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures on both ground-raised and ground-cutting slopes was found to be higher and showed similar characteristics statistically. As a result of survey on the surface-covering degree of ground-raised slopes, nine weeks after test construction, test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures showed commonly more than 70% of surface-covering degree, but other test spots showed only below 35% of surface covering degree; especially in case of test spots by Verdvol seed spray measures, they showed 10% of the lowest surface-covering. Surface-covering degree on the test spot of ground-cutting slopes nine weeks after test construction showed more than 75% both executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures. As a result of survey on appearing plants on the test spots, there dominates Eragrostis curvula both on ground-raised slopes and on ground-cutting slopes with other seeding plant life's lower breeding and there appear intruders, such as Setaria viridis Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, and Chenopodium album var.centrorubrum Makino. As for water-borne excavation and soil's washing-away on the slopes, there happened less washing-away and water-borne excavation with good breeding of plant life on test spots executed both by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures, but there happened much more soil's washing-away along with water-home excavation at the test spot executed by Seed spray with measures. After the research results of test construction sites are examined overall, it's presumed that furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures [interval between lines is 40cm, 5cm in depth] will be preferred to prevent erosion and water-home excavation of slopes located within the construction sites.

일 지역 중년여성의 폐경증상과 폐경관리와의 관계에 대한 연구 (An Analysis of the Relationship between Climacteric Symptoms and Management of Menopause in Middle-aged Women)

  • 송애리
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.308-322
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between climacteric symptoms and management of menopause of middle -aged women. The subjects of this study were 261 women(40 to 60 years old). Data were collected from Jun. 1 to Jul. 15, 2001 by a structured questionnaire. The instruments employed were : 1) The Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Aeri Song and Eun soon Chung(1998). 2) The Management of Menopause Scale developed by Aeri Song(1997). The data were analyzed by the SPSS p.c. program using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Mean score of climacteric symptoms was $2.18{\pm}0.39$(Maximum 4, Minimum 1). The mean scores among the categories of climacteric symptoms, in descending order, were : a) physical and physiological reactions ($2.62{\pm}0.53$), b) social and family relationships ($2.23{\pm}0.50$), c) psychiatric and psychological reactions ($2.08{\pm}0.49$), d) relationship with sexual partner($1.73{\pm}0.54$), e) genitourinary reactions ($1.72{\pm}0.55$). 2. Mean score of management of menopause was $1.79{\pm}0.45$ (Maximum 4, Minimum 1). The mean scores among the categories of management of menopause, in descending order, were : a) dietary management($2.57{\pm}0.52$), b) self control ($2.24{\pm}0.57$), c) management of exercise and physical activity($2.14{\pm}0.75$), d) management of sex life($1.71{\pm}0.47$), e) management of professional health maintenance($1.61{\pm}0.59$). 3. There were statistically significant differences in the score of middle-aged women's self reported climacteric symptoms according to : a) occupation (t=-2.79, p<0.001) b) marriage state (t=-2.29, p<0.05) c) age of menarche (F=4.66, p<0.001) d) method of Sanhujori (post natal care & treatment) (F=4.22, p<0.001) e) hormone replacement therapy (t=-3.09, p<0.05). From the above statistics, several significant findings were noted : a) There were more climacteric symptoms from those who were unemployed, those who had no partner or were divorced and those who started a menarche earlier. b) There were less climacteric symptoms reported from those on hormone replacement therapy and those who followed their parents or parents-in-law advice regarding Sanhujori (postnatal care) 4. There were statistically significant differences in the score of middle-aged women's self reported management of menopause according to : The educational background (F=7.63, p<0.001), religion (F=3.74, p<0.001), income (F=3.65, p<0.001), number of parity (F=4.87, p<0.001), method of Sanhujori(postnatal care) (F=5.73, p<0.001), period of Sanhujori (postnatal care) (F=2.81, p<0.05), hormone replacement therapy (t=3.81, p<0.001). Women with higher educational background, strong religion, higher income, large number of parity, managed their post natal care well, were on HRT, managed their menopause significantly better than the others who took part in the survey. 5. It will be noted from the above that women's degree of climacteric symptoms showed a negative correlation to the management of menopause(r=-0.2146, p<0.001). The findings shown above suggest the need to develop a variable management of menopause, in order to improve climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women. It is hoped that the above findings will stimulate more detailed research into this matter, and thereby enable guidance to be given to women going through the menopause to cope with it in a less stressful way.

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영세사업장 보건관리 지원사업 실시 전후의 산업보건수준 비교 분석 (A Comparative Analysis of the Level of Occupational Health : Before and After the Subsidiary Program on Health Care Management of Small Scale Industries)

  • 정혜선
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
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    • 제4권호
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    • pp.58-83
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    • 1995
  • The small scale industries which have less than 30 employees occupy 86.5% of total number of industries in Korea. And though they have higher accident rate and lower environmental condition than big industries, it has been not mandatory to appointing health care manager at factory. So, from 1993, government subsidizes to the health care management of small industries. The purpose of this study is to identify the real feature of health care status in small industries, and to evaluate the level of health care management, before and after the subsidiary program. 65 small plating industries which have been managed by the same health care management support institution in 1993 were selected for study. Of the 65 industries, 3 which have not taken both environmental evaluation and health screening in 1994, and 9 which have closed were excluded from study sample. And the remaining 53 were analyzed by using the results of environmental evaluation and health screening, reported to the Ministry of Labor, before and after the subsidiary program, the analysis was done by the comparison of the two year paired data of the same industry. Over-permissible-limit rate, health screening implementation rate, above grade C rate were calculated and compared. The status of health care management ; 1. Of the sample industries, 96.9% provide protective equipment and 80.0% set up ventilating system. Protective gloves (89.2%) and protective clothing (80.0%) are widely provided, but ear plugs (4.6%) are rarely provided. 21.5% of the protective equipment are well put on, and 40.4% of the ventilating systems function well. 2. In 1993, 35 industries, 53.8% of the sample, checked working environment twice. Over-permissible-limit rates of heavy metal (12.2%), suspended particle (11.1%), noise (5.5%) were high. To put on protective equipment and to set up local ventilating system were pointed out by the examiners. 3. General health screening was done at 63.1% of the sample industries and 35.3% of total workers were examined. Specific health screening was done at 93.8% of the sample industries and 75.4% of workers were examined. 15.5% of workers was provided to be above grade C and to have digestive system disease (43.3%), circulatory disease (18.9%), and hematopoietic disease (14.2%), etc. 4. In 1993, the subsidiary program of health care management was provided in forms of health education, health counseling, and rounding check of working field. And 61.5%, 83.0%, 55.4% of sample industries respectively received it. The average visit per industry was 1.8. Comparisons of the level of occupational health before and after the subsidiary program ; 1. Over-permissible-limit rates of hazardous factors of 1993 and that of 1994 were compared. The rates of suspended particle, noise, organic solvent of 1994 (37.5%, 13.4%, 24.2% respectively) were higher than that of 1993 (25.0%, 6.0%, 6.3% respectively). In the case of acid, there was no difference between the rate of 1993 and that of 1994. Only the rate of heavy metal decreased from 12.9% in 1993 to 3.0% in 1994. 2. General health screening was done at 38.7% of the sample industries in 1993 and at 44.6% in 1994. But the implementation rate of specific health screening decreased from 72.4% in 1993 to 64.6% in 1994. 3. The implementation rate of specific health screening was analyzed by some health factors. The rate of suspended particle increased from 61.8% in 1993 to 91.2% in 1994. But the rates of the others-noise, organic solvent, heavy metal, specific chemical substances-decreased. 4. Above grade C rate in health screening increased from 27.8% in 1993 to 35.5% in 1994. But that of endocrine disorders and pulmonary disease decreased.

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