• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.667-674
• /
• 2020

The adsorption of reactive orange 16 (RO 16) dye by activated carbon was investigated using the amount of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration, contact time and temperature as adsorption variables. The investigated process parameters were separation coefficient, rate constant, rate controlling step, activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, and free energy. The adsorption of RO 16 was the highest at pH 3 due to the electrostatic attraction between the cations (H⁺) on the surface of the activated carbon and the sulfonate ions and hydroxy ions possessed by RO 16. Isotherm data were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models by applying the evaluated separation factor of Langmuir (RL=0.459~0.491) and Freundlich (1/n=0.398~0.441). Therefore, the adsorption operation of RO 16 by activated carbon was confirmed as an appropriate removal method. Temkin's adsorption energy indicated that this adsorption process was physical adsorption. The adsorption kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of RO 16 follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and that the rate controlling step in the adsorption process was the intraparticle diffusion step. The positive enthalpy change indicated an endothermic process. The negative Gibbs free energy change decreased in the order of -3.16 <-11.60 <-14.01 kJ/mol as the temperature increased. Therefore, it was shown that the spontaneity of the adsorption process of RO 16 increases with increasing temperature.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2005

The power saving mechanism of IEEE 802.16e operates in two modes; awake mode and sleep mode. While the user terminal transmits and receives packets in awake mode, it sleeps for a given interval to save the power consumption in sleep mode. The IEEE 802.16e specifies that the user terminal increases the sleep interval exponentially unless it has to wake up. In this paper, we analyze the performance of IEEE 802.16e power saving mechanism by considering down link traffic conditions. With the extensive simulations, we observe the trade-off between the power saving performance and the average packet delay. In addition, we observe that various performance parameters of IEEE 802.16e power saving mechanism are affected by the traffic patterns.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2007.07a
• /
• pp.111-112
• /
• 2007

IEEE 802.16j의 목적은 기존의 IEEE 802.16e에 중계기를 도입하여 커버리지 확장과 데이터 처리율 향상에 있다. IEEE 802.16j시스템에서 두 개 이상의 중계기를 상호 협조적으로 사용함으로써 공간 다이버시티 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 상호 협조 중계 방식을 사용하는 IEEE 802.16j의 성능을 링크 레벨 모의 실험을 통해 구하고, 그 방식이 기존의 단일 중계 방식보다 우수한 성능을 가짐을 보인다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.174-177
• /
• 2007

We fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based a fluorinated copper phthalocyanine ($F_{16}CuPC$) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as an active layer. And we observed the surface morphology of the $F_{16}CuPC$ thin film. The $F_{16}CuPC$ thin film thickness was 40 nm, and the channel length was $50{\mu}m$, channel width was 3 mm. And we also fabricated the $F_{16}CuPc/CuPc$ double layer FET and with different $F_{16}CuPc$ film thickness devices. We observed the typical current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and capacitance-voltage (C-V) in $F_{16}CuPc$ FET and we calculated the effective mobility. From the double layer FET devices, we observed the higher drain current more than single layer FET devices.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.38C no.12
• /
• pp.1186-1195
• /
• 2013

In modern warfare, the main factor of triumph is superior situation awareness which leads rapid command decision and precisely guided munition, and TDL(Tactical Data Link) is the main communicational enabler. ROK forces currently operate Link-16 with allied forces and are also developing Korean national data link, Link-K which is also planned to be cooperated with Link-16. Assigning participant and track numbers needs agreement between ROK and allied forces, but ROK forces have exclusive authority in assigning numbers in Link-K. This paper proposes the effective method of exchange participant and track numbers between Link-16 and Link-K, and applicability verification in operational test and evaluation will be also presented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.16
• /
• pp.7039-7044
• /
• 2015

Background: Many functional molecules controlling diverse cellular function are included in low-molecular weight proteins and peptides. Materials and Methods: To identify proteins controlling function in lung adenocarcinomas (AC), we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis employing tricine-SDS polyacrylamide in the second dimension (tricine 2-DE). This system was able to detect proteins under 1 kDa even with post-translational modifications. To confirm the utility of detected proteins as novel tumor markers for AC, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 170 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung AC tissues. Results: Tricine 2-DE revealed that five proteins including S100A16 were overexpressed in lung AC-derived cells compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma-derived cells. Immunohistochemically, S100A16 showed various subcellular localization in lung cancer tissues and a membranous staining status was correlated with the T-factor (P=0.0008), pathological stage (P=0.0015), differentiation extent (P=0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P=0.0007), vascular invasion (P=0.0001), pleural invasion (P=0.0087), and gender (P=0.039), but not with the age or smoking history. More importantly, membranous staining of S100A16 was significantly correlated with a poorer overall survival of either stage I (P=0.0088) or stage II / III (P=0.0003) lung AC patients, and multivariate analysis confirmed that membranous expression of S100A16 was an independent adverse prognostic indicator (P=0.0001). Conclusions: The present results suggest that S100A16 protein is a novel prognostic marker for lung AC.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2009

This paper describes the design and fabrication of 16$\times$16 microbolometer infrared focal plane arrays based on iMEMS technology. Amorphous silicon was used for infrared-sensitive material, and it showed the resistance of 18 Mohm and the temperature coefficient of resistivity of -2.4 %. The fabricated sensors exhibited responsivity of 78 kV/W and thermal time constant of 8.0 msec at a bias voltage of 0.5 V. The array performances had satisfactory uniformity less than 5 % within one-sigma. Also, 1/f noise of pixel was measured and the noise factor of $6\times10^{-11}$ was extracted. Finally, we obtained detectivity of $1.27\times10^9cmHz^{0.5}/W$ and noise equivalent temperature difference of 200 mK at a frame rate of 30 Hz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.738-746
• /
• 2016

As the trend of future war has been changed to network centric warfare, tactical data link should be needed for fast and accurate situation awareness. Nowadays, Korean air force conducts military operations by using aircrafts equipped with Link-16. The Link-16 can conduct multiple mission at the same time because it supports multi-net capability. Due to lack of frequency resource, the way to share the frequency with other systems has been studied and using L band with radar is considered as one of the candidates bands. However, the data link can be affected by the interference from radars when it shares the L-band because the L-band in Korea is already assigned to long-range detection radars. In this paper, we evaluate operational possibilities of tactical data link in the L-band based on Link-16.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess clinical correlations with postoperative alteration of p16 DNA methylation, and to clarify whether postoperative changes in the serum DNA methylation status of p16 could be used as a reliable prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three consecutive gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent gastric resection (Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea) were included. DNA methylation of p16 was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction using serum DNA preoperatively and at the 10th postoperative day. The correlation between changes in methylation status and patients' prognosis was analyzed. Results: p16 was methylated in 79.2% of preoperative serum DNA and in 54.7% of postoperative serum DNA, respectively. Methylation in p16 disappeared more frequently in patients who underwent standard D2 lymphadenectomy compared to those who underwent modified D1+ lymphadenectomy (P=0.016). Whereas methylation of preoperative serum DNA was not correlated with survival, patients with postoperative disappearance of p16 methylation showed longer survival than those without postoperative disappearance of p16 methylation in the patients who had gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis (P=0.042). Conclusions: Postoperative disappearance of p16 methylation could be an available prognostic factor for node-positive gastric cancer.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.16
• /
• pp.16.1-16.1
• /
• 1991