• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 1998

The turbulent heat transfer to low Prandtl number fluid flow through rod bundles is analyzed using k-$\varepsilon$ two-equation model. For the prediction of the turbulent flow field, an anisotropic eddy viscosity model is used. In the analysis of the temperature field, the effects of various parameters such as geometry, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers are considered. The calculation in made for Prandtl numbers from 0.001 to 0.1 in order to analyze the heat transfer to low Prandtl number fluid such as liquid metals. The numerical results show that for small P/D (Pitch/Diameter) geometries low Prandtl number makes severe changes of the rod surface temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.813-821
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• 1997

Three-dimensional turbulent incompressible flow through the tip clearance of a linear turbine rotor cascade with high turning angle has been analyzed numerically. As a preliminary study to predict the tip clearance loss realistically, a generalized k-.epsilon. model derived by RNG (renormalized group) method is used for the modeling of Reynolds stresses to account for the strain rate of turbulent flow. The effects of the tip clearance flow on the passage vortex, the total pressure loss are considered qualitatively. The existences of vena contract and tip clearance vortex have been confirmed and it has been shown that as the size of the tip clearance increases, the accumulated flow through the tip clearance and the total pressure loss downstream of the cascade increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 2017

MILD combustion was first developed to suppress thermal NOx formation in combustor for heating industrial furnaces. In this paper, the effect of co-flow MILD combustor geometry and operating conditions on the formation of MILD combustion was analyzed using 3 dimensional numerical simulation. The numerical simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent. The combustion and turbulence flow was modeled using the Eddy Dissipation Concept(EDC) model and realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ model respectively. The results show that the high temperature region and average temperature decreased due to an increase in the air velocity and decrease the wall thickness of fuel nozzle. In particular, the MILD combustion flame was found to be stable with a combustion flame region at fuel velocity 10 m/s, air velocity 20 m/s, fuel nozzle thickness 1.0 mm, equivalence ratio 0.9, and outlet area ratio 40%.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-50
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• 2002

In the present numerical simulation of viscous free surface flow around a ship, two-fluids in-compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the standard $\textsc{k}-\varepsilon$turbulence model are discretized on a regular grid by using a finite volume method. A local level-set method is introduced for capturing the free surface movement and the influence of the viscous layer and dynamic boundary condition of the free surface are implicitly considered. Partial differential equations in the level-set method are discretized with second order ENO scheme and explicit Euler scheme in the space and time integration, respectively. The computational results for the Series-60 model with $C_B=0.6$ show a good agreement with the experimental data, but more validation studies for commercial complicated hull forms are necessary.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.313-324
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• 2016

Surrogate model based shape optimization methodology to enhance performance of a centrifugal pump has been implemented in this work. Design variables, such as blade number and blade angles defining the pump impeller blade shape were selected and a three-level full factorial design approach was used for efficiency enhancement. A three-dimensional simulation using Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations for the performance analysis was carried out after designing the geometries of the impellers at the design points. Standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was used for steady incompressible flow simulations. The optimized impeller incurred lower losses by shifting the trailing edge towards the impeller pressure side. It is observed that the surrogates are problem dependent and most accurate surrogate does not deliver the best design always.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.496-506
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• 1998

This paper deals with the computational modeling of buoyancy-driven turbulent heat transfer involving spatially uniform volumetric heat sources in semicircular geometry. The Launder & Sharma low-Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model without any modifications and the SIMPLER computational algorithm were used for the numerical modeling, which was incorporated into the new computer code CORE-TNC. This computer code was subsequently benchmarked with the Mini-ACOPO experimental data in the modified Rayleigh number range of 2$\times$10$^{13}$ $\times$10$^{14}$ . The general trends of the velocity and temperature fields were well predicted by the model used, and the calculated isotherm patterns were found to be very similiar to those observed in previous experimental investigations. The deviation between the Mini-ACOPO experimental data and the corresponding numerical results obtained with CORE-TNC for the average Nusselt number was less than 30% using fine grid in the near-wall region and the three-point difference formula for the wall temperature gradient. With isothermal pool boundaries, heat was convected predominantly to the upper and adjacent lateral surfaces, and the bottom surface received smaller heat fluxes.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.540-558
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• 2015

Maneuvering oblique towing test is simulated in a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) environment to obtain the linear and nonlinear velocity dependent damping coefficients for a DTMB 5512 model ship. The simulations are carried out in freely accessible OpenFOAM library with three different solvers, rasInterFoam, LTSInterFoam and interDyMFoam, and two turbulence models, $k-{\varepsilon}$ and SST $k-{\omega}$ in presence of free surface. Turning and zig-zag maneuvers are simulated for the DTMB 5512 model ship using the calculated damping coefficients with CFD. The comparison of simulated results with the available experimental shows a very good agreement among them.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2020

Modelling incompressible, neutrally stratified, barotropic, horizontally homogeneous and steady-state atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is an important aspect in computational wind engineering (CWE) applications. The ABL flow can be viewed as a balance of the horizontal pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force and the turbulent stress divergence. While much research has focused on the increase of the wind velocity with height, the Ekman layer effects, entailing veering - the change of the wind velocity direction with height, are far less concerned in wind engineering. In this paper, a modified k-ε model is introduced for the ABL simulation considering wind veering. The self-sustainable method is discussed in detail including the precursor simulation, main simulation and near-ground physical quantities adjustment. Comparisons are presented among the simulation results, field measurement values and the wind profiles used in the conventional wind tunnel test. The studies show that the modified k-ε model simulation results are consistent with field measurement values. The self-sustainable method is effective to maintain the ABL physical quantities in an empty domain. The wind profiles used in the conventional wind tunnel test have deficiencies in the prediction of upper-level winds. The studies in this paper support future practical super high-rise buildings design in CWE.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1992

A numerical procedure is introduced to calculate local ventilation effectiveness using the definitions of local decay rate and local mean age. A low Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is implemented to calculate steady state turbulent velocity distributions, and a step-down method is used to calculate transient concentration distributions. Simulations are carried out for several different values of air change rates and several different diffuser angles in a two-dimensional model of a half scale office room. The results show that the local ventilation effectiveness within a room could vary significantly from one location to another. The nominal air change rate based on the assumption of complete mixing of room air does not provide the local ventilation effectiveness information. It is numerically proved that the local mean age distribution obtained from the transient calculation is equivalent to the steady state concentration distribution with homogeneously distributed contaminant sources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.237-240
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• 2006

Hybrid propulsion systems provide many advantages in terms of stable operation and safety. However, classical hybrid rocket motors have lower fuel regression rate and combustion efficiency compared to solid propellant rocket motor. Accordingly, the recent research efforts are focused on the improvement of engine efficiency and regressionrate in the hybrid rocket engine. The present study has numerically investigated the combustion processes and the flame structure in the hybrid rocket engine. The turbulent combustion is represented by the flamelet model and Low Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$turbulent model is employed to reduce the uncertainties for convective heat transfer near solid fuel surface having strong blowing effect. Numerical results suggest that the present approach is capable of realistically simulating the combustion characteristics of the hybrid rocket engines.