• Title/Summary/Keyword: K 지수

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Comparison of Sleep Indices between Both Wrist Actigraphies and Nocturnal Polysomnography (양측 손목에 착용한 Actigraphy와 야간수면다원검사 간의 수면지수 비교)

  • Shin, Byung-Hak;Park, Doo-Heum;Lee, Hyun-Kwon;Yu, Jae-Hak;Ryu, Seung-Ho;Ha, Ji-Hyeon;Shin, Hyeon-Sil;Hong, Seok-Chan
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.20-25
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    • 2007
  • The present study compared the actigraphic indices between both wrist actigraphies (WATGs), and the sleep estimates between each WATG and nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) to assess their differences and consistencies. We studied 22 right-handed subjects (mean age $43.9{\pm}13.3\;years$, M:F=14:8) with untreated primary sleep disorders (primary insomnia=8, simple snorer=2, obstructive sleep apnea=12) undergone by overnight both WATGs and NPSG, simultaneously. Comparison and correlation were analyzed between right and left wrist actigraphic data. In the sleep estimates of both WATGs and NPSG, each WATG was compared and correlated with NPSG in sleep period time (SPT), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time (WT). Sleep indices between both WATGs showed significant positive correlations with no correlations in SL and fragmentation index (FI). There were no differences in sleep indices between both WATGs. SPTs of both WATGs, SL of left WATG, and TST of right WATG showed positively significant correlations, and SE of right WATG did negatively significant correlation in sleep indices between each WATG and NPSG. As each WATG was compared to PSG, SPTs of both WATGs and WT of right WATG were decreased, and TST and SE of right WATG and SL of left WATG were increased. Inconsistent SL and FI between both WATGs indicate that the activities between both WATGs can differentially happen during wake or arousal. Inconsistent sleep estimates between each WATG and NPSG may indicate the limited usefulness in measuring and analyzing one-night sleep by using WATG.

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Clinical Effect on the Patient with Orofacial Pain through Electro-acupuncture Stimulation Therapy(EAST) (구강안면동통환자에 대한 전기침 자극요법의 임상효과에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Ku;Lee, Sung-Woo;Chung, Sung-Chang
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2000
  • 구강안면 동통중 가장 대표적인 측두하악장애를 치료하는데 있어 전기침 자극요법이 갖는 임상적 치료효과를 평가하기 위하여 측두하악장애 환자군을 환자에 대한 교육 및 온습포를 시행하는 자가치료 환자군, 전기침 자극요법을 시행하는 전기침 자극 환자군, 교합안정장치를 장착하는 구강내 장치장착 환자군, 총 3군으로 구분하였다. 이들 환자군에서 치료전과 치료 1주후 및 1개월 후에 visual analogue scale을 이용한 동통의 정도와 두경부의 근육촉진지수, 하악의 기능이상지수 및 저작근들의 압력통각역치를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 자가치료 환자군의 1주일 치료후 동통정도, 근육촉진지수 및 기능이상지수가 유의하게 감소되었다. 2. 전기침 자극환자군은 1주일 치료후 동통의 정도가 유의하게 감소하였으면 1개월 치료 후 동통의 정도와 근육촉진지수가 유의하게 감소되었다. 3. 구강내 장치장착환자군은 1주일 치료 후 동통의 정도가 유의하게 감소하고 심부교근의 압력통각역치가 유의하게 감소하였고 심부교근의 압력통각역치가 유의하게 증가되었다.

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Analysis of the Relationship between Journal Impact Factor and Scholarly e-Journal Usage (학술지 영향력지수와 전자 학술지 이용의 상관관계 분석)

  • Kim, Hwan-min;Kim, Jay-hoon;Jeong, Do-heon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 2007
  • In order to find out the relationship between the indicator of scholarly impact and e-Journal usage in Korea, we analyzed the correlation between the usage statistics of e-Journals published by American Chemical Society, Science, Elsevier and Wiley which was licensed by KESLI consortia in 2006 and impact factor in JCR 2006. We selected 4 universities and 5 research institutes as target institutions which participated in all of the 4 consortia and had higher frequency of e-Journal usage than others. In this correlation analysis we used variables such as the subjects of journals, the types of institution, and impact factor.

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The Analysis of Optimal Cluster Number of Precipitation Region with Dunn Index (Dunn 지수를 이용한 최적 강수지역 군집수 분석)

  • Um, Myoung-Jin;Jeong, Chang-Sam;Nam, Woo-Sung;Jung, Young-Hun;Heo, Jun-Haeng
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.87-91
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    • 2011
  • 강수는 지역에 따라 발생양상이 매우 다른 자연현상 중 하나이다. 이러한 강수를 효과적으로 분석하여 확률강수량을 산정하기위해서 수문학에서는 다양한 방법이 시도되어 왔다. 우리나라에서는 지점빈도해석을 통한 확률강수량을 주로 사용해왔으나 최근 들어 Hosking and Wallis(1997)가 제안한 지역빈도해석을 활용을 적극 도모 하고 있는 중이다. 이러한 지역빈도해석 기법은 지점빈도해석 기법에 비하여 한정된 강수자료를 활용하는 측면 등 여러 가지 장점을 가진 확률 강수량 산정방법이다. 그러나 이 기법을 적용하여 확률강수량을 산정하기 위해서는 강수의 지역구분을 먼저 수행하여야 한다. 강수지역의 구분을 위해서는 여러 가지 기법이 존재하나 최근에는 Cluster 기법 중 K-means 방법이나 Fuzzy c-means 방법 등을 주로 적용하여 지역구분을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 K-means 방법이나 Fuzzy c-means 방법 등은 산정 방법내에서 최적 군집수를 결정할 수 있는 알고리즘이 없기 때문에 임의적으로 최적 군집수를 결정하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 Cluster 평가지수 중 하나인 Dunn 지수를 이용하여 최적 군집수를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 강수지역을 구분하기 위하여 적용한 인자는 월 평균 강수량, 연 평균 강수량, 월 최대 강수량, 경도, 위도, 고도 등이며, 이를 K-means, PAM 및 친근도 전파 기법을 통하여 강수지역을 구분하였다. 적정 군집수를 임의적으로 증가시켜 가면서 Dunn 지수를 산정하였다. 산정된 결과를 통하여 최적 군집수를 결정하였다.

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Assessment of Clinical Applicability of a New Plaque Scoring System Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital (Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital을 이용한 치면세균막 검사법의 임상적 활용 가능성 평가)

  • Hwang, Hye-Rim;Cho, Young-Sik;Kim, Baek-Il
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.150-157
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    • 2014
  • The aim of this study was to suggest a convenient method of monitoring the gingival state through plaque detection. Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D), which can assess mature plaque, can be used to assess the oral hygiene status of individuals and to establish an adequate intervention plans for them. The subjects of the study participated in the clinical training at Department of Dental Hygiene, N University. The subjects completed questionnaires on general characteristics and oral hygiene methods. Then, photographs of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of the subjects were taken using the QLF-D. After the oral examinations, gingival state was recorded according to the $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness's Gingival Index (GI). In addition, a plaque control record was calculated in percentage using disclosing agent. The analysis of the relation between the plaque control record and the QLF-D scores showed positive correlation (r=0.638, p<0.001), and the analysis of the relation between the QLF-D scores and the gingival bleeding index scores also showed positive correlation (r=0.562, p<0.001). Besides, the study classified the participants into healthy gingiva group and the gingivitis group according to the classification criteria of GI, and when the difference of QLF-D scores between the groups was analyzed, the QLF-D scores were statistically significantly higher (t=-2.785, p=0.007) in the gingivitis group ($1.71{\pm}1.545$) than the healthy gingiva group ($0.74{\pm}1.290$). When the differences in mean values of the QLF-D scores were analyzed against and the gingival bleeding index scores, the QLF-D scores of 0 and 1 belonged to the category of normal gingival state while the QLF-D scores of 2, 3 and 4 belonged to the category of gingivitis state. Therefore, it is deemed that the red fluorescence detected by the QLF-D from the mature supragingival plaque can be used for monitoring the state of gingivitis.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MONTHLY CUMULATIVE AURORAL ELECTROJET INDICES, DST INDEX AND INTERPLANETARY ELECTRIC FIELD DURING MAGNETIC STORMS (자기폭풍 기간 동안의 월별 누적 오로라 제트전류 지수, Dst 지수 및 행성간 전기장 사이의 상관관계)

  • Park, Yoon-Kyung;Ahn, Byung-Ho;Moon, Ga-Hee
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.409-418
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    • 2005
  • Magnetospheric substorms occur frequently during magnetic storms, suggesting that the two phenomena are closely associated. We can investigate the relation between magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms by examining the correlation between AE and Dst indices. For this purpose, we calculated the monthly cumulative AU, $\mid{AL}\mid$ and $\mid{Dst}\mid$ indices. The correlation coefficient between the monthly cumulative $\mid{AL}\mid$ and $\mid{Dst}\mid$ index is found to be 0.60, while that between monthly cumulative AU and $\mid{Dst}\mid$ index is 0.28. This result indicates that substorms seem to contribute to the development of magnetic storms. On the other hand, it has been reported that the interplanetary electric field associated with southward IMF intensifies the magnetospheric convection, which injects charged particles into the inner magnetosphere, thus developing the ring current. To evaluate the contribution of the interplanetary electric field to the development of the storm time ring current belt, we compared the monthly cumulative interplanetary electric field and the monthly cumulative Dst index. The correlation coefficient between the two cumulative indices is 0.83 for southward IMP and 0.39 for northward IMF. It indicates that magnetospheric convection induced by southward IMF is also important in developing magnetic storms. Therefore, both magnetospheric substorm and enhanced magnetospheric convection seem to contribute to the buildup of magnetic storm.

The Effect of Lidocaine Dose and Pretreated Diazepam on Cardiovascular System and Plasma Concentration of Lidocaine in Dogs Ansthetized with Halothane-Nitrous Oxide (Diazepam 전투여와 Lidocaine 투여용량이 혈중농도 및 심혈역학적 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Kyeong-Sook;Kim, Sae-Yeon;Park, Dae-Pal;Kim, Jin-Mo;Chung, Chung-Gil
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.451-474
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    • 1993
  • Lidocaline if frequently administered as a component of an anesthetic : for local or regional nerve blocks, to mitigate the autonomic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, to suppress the cough reflex, and for antiarrythmic therapy. Diazepam dectease the potential central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of local anesthetic agents but may modify the sitmulant action of lidocaine in addition to their own cardiovascular depressant. The potential cardiovascular toxicity of local anesthetics may be enhanced by the concomitant administration of diazepam. This study was designed to investigate the effects of lidocaine dose and pretreated diazepam to cardiovascular system and plasma concentration of lidocaine. Lidocaine in 100 mcg/kg/min, 200 mcg/kg/min, and 300 mcg/kg/min was given by sequential infusion to dogs anesthetized with halothane-nitrous oxide (Group I). And in group II, after diazepam pretreatment, lidocaine was infused by same way when lidocaine was administered in 100 mcg/kg/min, the low plasma levels ($3.97{\pm}0.22-4.48{\pm}0.36$ mcg/ml) caused a little reduction in cardiovascular hemodynamics. As administered in 200 mcg/kg/min, 300 mcg/kg/min, the higher plasma levels ($7.50{\pm}0.66-11.83{\pm}0.59$ mcg/ml) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), and right ventricular stroke work index (PVSWI) and increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), but was associated with little changes of heart rate (HR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI). When lidocaine with pretreated diazepam was administered in 100 mcg/kg/min, the low plasma level, the lower level than when only lidocaine administered, reduced MAP, but was not changed other cardiovascular hemodynamics. While lidocaine was infused in 200 mcg/kg/min, 300 mcg/kg/min in dogs pretreated diazepam, the higher plasma level ($7.64{\pm}0.79-13.79{\pm}0.82$ mcg/ml) was maintained and was associated with reduced CI, SI, LVSWI and incresed PAWP, CVP, SVRI but was a little changes of HR, MPAP, PVRI. After $CaCl_2$ administeration, CI, SI, SVRI, LVSWI was recovered but PAWP, CVP was rather increased than recovered. The foregoing results demonstrate that pretreated diazepam imposes no additional burden on cardiovascular system when a infusion of large dose of lidocaine is given to dogs anesthetized with halothanenitrous oxide. But caution may be advised if the addition of lidocaine is indicated in subjects who have impared autonomic nervous system and who are in hypercarbic, hypoxic, or acidotic states.

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Waterproofing performance evaluation according to the number of layer for shield TBM segment hydrophilic rubber waterstop (쉴드 TBM 세그먼트 지수재의 배열수 변화에 따른 방수성능 평가)

  • Ham, Soo-Kwon;Jung, Hoon;Kim, Beom-Ju;Jeong, Kyeong-han;Lee, Seok-Won
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.47-58
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    • 2020
  • The interest in the use of shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) on the tunnel excavation has been increased rapidly in Korea. The shield TBM tunnel is generally designed as non-drainage tunnel. Consequently, if water leakage through the segment joints happens, big problems on the usage and stability of tunnel can be occurred. In this study, the variation of waterproof capacity of hydrophilic rubber waterstop by the construction error and excessive displacement of segment was studied. In particular, the waterproof capacity of each of single and double layer arrangements of hydrophilic rubber waterstop was examined to verify the efficiency of the double layer arrangement. The test results show that the single layer and double layer hydrophilic rubber waterstop showed the same waterproof performance. hydrophilic rubber waterstop has favorable on the offset, however unfavorable on the gap.

Estimation of Site Index and Stem Volume Equations for Larix leptolepis Stand in Jinan, Chonbuk (전북 진안 낙엽송 임분의 지위지수 및 간재적식 추정)

  • Jeon, Byung-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Young-Jin;Kim, Hyun;Kang, Hag-Mo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.96 no.1
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    • pp.40-47
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    • 2007
  • The objectives of this study were to derive site index and stem volume prediction equation based on stem analysis data for Larix leptolepis in Jinan region. The function for site index was developed by algebraic difference equation method. Polymorphic site index family curves with base age of 40 were presented based on the Schumacher height equation. The best stem volume prediction equation was suggested as $V=0.00260+0.00000399D^2H$. The simultaneous F-test using this equation showed that the estimated tree stem volumes were not significantly different (${\alpha}=0.05$ level) from the observed stem volumes for model evaluation. Therefore, site index and volume prediction equations prepared in this study could provide an indication of site quality and basic information for making of yield table, and could be used for rational forest management of Larix leptolepis stands grown in Jinan region.

Development of Exponential Model of Korea for Improved Altitude Estimation Performance of High-Altitude Target at Radar System (레이더에서 고고도 표적물의 고도 예측 성능 향상을 위한 한국형 지수 모델 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Hyun-Wook;Jeon, Min-Hyun;Kim, Woo-Joong;Oh, Seong-Keun;Lee, Jong-Hyun;Kwon, Se-Woong;Yoon, Young-Joong
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.831-839
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    • 2012
  • In this paper, an exponential model of Korea is proposed to minimize an altitude-error of high-altitude target due to atmosphere refraction at radar system. The relation between surface refractivity and refractivity gradient, which is extracted using the least square fit from the measured data at 7 weather stations, is applied to the exponential model. And in order to verify the proposed model, the altitude-errors for a standard atmosphere, a CRPL(Central Radio Propagation Lab.) exponential model, the proposed model are extracted and analyzed using a ray tracing. As a result, the proposed model can improve the altitude estimation performance of radar compared to conventional atmosphere refractive index models.