• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

There is growing concern that dietary soy intake is associated with protection of breast cancer. However, questions persist on the potential adverse effects of the main soy constituent genistein(GS) on female reproductive physiology. In this study, we examined whether prepubertal exposure to GS affected on the onset of puberty and the associated reproductive parameters such as hormone receptor expressions in female rats. GS(100mg/kg/day) was administrated daily from postnatal day 25(PND 25) to the day when the first vaginal opening(VO) was observed, and the animals were sacrificed on the day after VO occurred. Gross anatomy and tissue weight were compared to test the GS's effect on the cell proliferation. Furthermore, histological studies were performed to assess the structural alterations in tissues. Specific radioimmunoassay(RIA) were carried out to measure serum LH levels. To determine the transcriptional changes in progesterone receptors(PR), total RNAs were extracted from ovary and uterus and were applied to semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). As a results, advanced VO was shown in the GS group(PND $31.2{\pm}0.6$) compared to the vehicle group (PND $35.3{\pm}0.7$). GS treatment significantly increased wet weight of ovaries and uteri compared to the vehicle group. Increased serum LH levels were also shown in the GS group. Graafian follicles and corpora lutea(CL) were observed only in the ovaries from GS treated animals. Similarly, hypertrophy of luminal and glandular uterine epithelium were found only in the GS group. Collectively, these effects were probably due to the estrogenic effects of GS. In the semi-quantitative RT-PCR studies, the transcriptional activities of PR in both ovary and uterus from GS-treated group were significantly higher than those from the vehicle group. The present studies demonstrated that acute exposure to GS, at levels comparable to the ranges of human exposure, during the critical period of prepubertal stage activates the reproductive system resulting precocious puberty in immature female rats.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1980

The purpose of this paper is to study the incidence of humoral antibody to reovirus type 2 in the sera of the Koreans and animal(swine) at random. All the 614 of human beings and 877 of swine sera were collected during the period from June to December, 1979, from the healthy persons in the National Seoul Hospital and swine blood was collected from 25 different areas of June to 30th of September in 1977. The HI test was put with plastic plates according to the methods by Rosen(1960 a and 1974). The total 73.29% of the 614 cases in human and the 61.80% of the 877 in swine confirmed as a hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. In human the 76.47% of the 442 male cases and the 65.12% of the 172 female ones were confirmed to have humoral antibodies. The positive rate was widely shown in each age group. But the 31 to 50 old age groups showed a little higher than any other age group, which came to the 85.71% in 41-50 and the 78.72% in 31-40 old age groups. The monthly distribution of HI antibody was shown to reach the 93.22% of the 59 cases in June. This per cent was much higher than of any other distribution. Accordingly, the auther came to the conclusion that there is reovirus type 2 in all the parts of Korea and most of the Koreans have the higher rates of antibody. However, the positive rate of antibody was the 542 out of the 877 cases(61.8%) from the swine and antibodies was confirmed from the 25 different areas in Korea. The seasonal distribution of the antibody showed these high rates. In domestics animals; blood from the swine showed that distribution of HI antibodies to reoviras type 2. These antibody appears from the various areas of the province in Korea. For this reasons, reovirus was widely distributed in this country.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 1983

Properties and frying performance of domestic rice bran oil were studied. For this purpose, the analyses on the following characteristics were performed and their comparison with the characteristics of soybean oil was made: fatty acid composition, glycerides, composition, acid value, specific gravity, color, petroleum ether insoluble oxidized fatty acid, viscosity, smoke point, foam test, and water solubility. The results were as follow: 1) Fatty acid composition of domestic rice bran oil by gas chromatography was same as perviously reported, and similar to the fatty acid composition of the rice bran oil in foreign countries. Also the glyceride composition of domestic rice bran oil was analyzed by the methods of TLC, column chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The results were monoglyceride ranged from one to four percent; diglyceride 30-30% and triglyceride 66-80%. Consequently, the composition was proven completely different from that of the other edible oils. 2) The high contents of mono-glyceride in rice bran oil resulted in high values of specific gravity and water-solubility respectively. However, high contents mono glyceride and diglyceride indicated little affection to changes of acid value, color, petroleum ether insoluble oxidized fatty acid, and smoke point on frying. 3) Because of low contents of linoleic acid, domestic rice bran oil was estimated stable on frying, whereas soybean oil was easily polymerized. 4) A serious foaming and low smoke point on Frying in domestic rice bran oil were caused by its impurities. It seems that monoglyceride and diglyceride had little relation with foaming and smoke point. 5) Oils with serious foaming and low smoke point on frying caused a substantial quality loss in terms of flavor and appearance of fried materials.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.373-386
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• 2013

In this research, we specify the image consumers' preferred image quality ranges based on objective image quality evaluation factors and follow a method which measures preference of the natural image scenes. In other words, according to No-Reference, we select dynamic range, color, and contrast as factors of image quality measurements. For collecting sample images, we choose the preferred 200 landscapes which have over 30 recommendations by image consumers on the internet photo gallery. According to the scores of three objective factors of image quality measurements, the final expected score which means the image quality preference is measured and its total score is 100 points. In the main test, the actual image sample shows dynamic range 10 stop, LAB mean value L:54.7, A:2.96, B:-15.84, and RSC contrast 376.9. Total 200 image samples' normal distribution z value represents in dynamic range 0.21, LAB mean value L:0.15, A:0.38, B:0.13, and RSC contrast 0.08. In the standard normal distribution table, we can convert the z value as a percentage; dynamic range is 8.32%, LAB mean value is L:5.96%, A:14.8%, B:5.17%, and RSC contrast is 3.19%. And then, we convert the percentage values into the scores of 100; dynamic range is 91.68, LAB mean value is 91.36, and RSC contrast is 96.81. Therefore, we can conclude that the sample image's total mean score is 94.99 based on three objective image quality factors. Throughout our proposed image quality assessment model, we can measure the preference value of natural scenes. Also, we can specify the preferred image quality representation ranges and measure the expected image quality preference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effects of fruits and stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino on water intake, feed intake, body weight, blood glucose level and glucose tolerance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), 8% Opuntia fruit (DOF), 5% Opuntia stem (DO-5) and 10% Opuntia stem (DO-10) groups. Fruits and stems of Opuntia ficus-indica were freeze-dried and ground before use in the experiment. Animals were fed experimental diet for 3 weeks. DOF, DO-5 and DO-10 groups showed lower water and feed intake as well as less body weight loss than DC group. The fasting blood glucose levels were 100 mg/dL for NC and 379 mg/dL for DC. Fasting glucose level of DOF was a significantly low level of 28% (p<0.05), whereas DO-5 and DO-10 had a decrease of 5% and 9% compared to DC. As for the glucose tolerance test, the highest blood glucose levels for NC and DC-10 group were observed at 30 minutes after glucose injection while those of DOF and DO-5 groups were after 60 minutes. DOF and DO-5 plasma insulin level improved. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were also lower in DOF, DO-5 and DO-10 groups, although HDL-cholesterol level was only slightly affected by experimental diets compared to DC. These results suggest that the feeding of Opuntia ficus-indica fruits and stems improved blood glucose and lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.8-8
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• 2001

Mouse follicles require the addition of gonadotropins (Gns) to complete maturation and ovulation of oocyte and antrum formation of follicles in vitro. However, we tried examination of in vitro growth of mouse pre-antral follicles in medium without Gns and physiological factors. And also, pre-antral follicles were isolated from ovaries by mechanical method. Our present studies were conducted to evaluate on the growth of follicles and intra-follicular oocytes and antrum formation in vitro of mouse pre-antral follicles in two different media. Pre-antral follicles (91-120${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) were isolated mechanically by fine 30G needles not using enzymes from ovary of 3-6 weeks old female ICR mice. Isolated pre-antral follicles were cultured in 20 ${mu}ell$ droplets of TCM (n=17; follicles: 107.8 $\pm$ 1.58 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; oocytes: 59.9$\pm$1.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) or MEM (n=12; follicles: 109.3$\pm$2.53 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; oocytes: 55.4 $\pm$1.6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) under mineral oil on the 60mm culture dish. All experimental media was supplemented with 10% FBS but without Gns and/or physiological factors. Pre-antral follicles were individually cultured in drops for 8 days. Antrum formation and growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes were evaluated using a precalibrated ocular micrometer at $\times$200 magnifications during in vitro culture. Results between different groups were analyzed using combination of Student's t-test and Chi-square, and considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Antrum formation of pre-antral follicles had started in two culture media on day-2. On day-8, antrum formation had occurred in 58.3%(7/12) of pre-antral follicles cultured in MEM, but only in 23.5% (4/17) of those cultured in TCM (P=0.0364). Growth of pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes were observed on day-4 and -8. On day-4, follicular diameters was similar (P=0.1338) in TCM (119.4$\pm$2.58 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and MEM (125.4$\pm$4.52 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). However, on day-8, diameters of pre-antral follicles cultured in MEM (168.9$\pm$17.29 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) was significantly (P=0.0248) bigger than that in TCM (126.7$\pm$4.28 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). On day-4 and -8, diameters of intra-follicular oocytes were similar TCM (67.1$\pm$1.3 and 72.4$\pm$0.9${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and MEM (65.2$\pm$1.7 and 73.3$\pm$1.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), respectively. We can conform that medium not supplemented with Gns and/or physiological factors can be used for in vitro antrum formation and growth of mouse pre-antral follicles and intra-follicular oocytes. In conclusion, MEM supplemented with FBS can be used for growth in vitro of mouse pre-antral follicles isolated mechanically.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify teacher's knowledge about sodium, dietary behaviors related to sodium, attitudes towards a low-salt diet, and meal attitude guidance as well as examine the relationship between these variables. Methods: The participants were 351 teachers at an elementary school in the Jeonbuk area. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS v. 20.0. Results: The score for teachers' knowledge about sodium was 12.92 points of a possible 16, the score for dietary behavior related to sodium was 46.85 points of a possible 70, and the score for attitude towards a low-salt diet was 33.63 points of a possible 50. Their score for meal attitude guidance was 59.95 points of a possible 80. The knowledge showed significant differences by hypertension drug (p < 0.05) and stress level (p < 0.05). The dietary behavior of sodium use showed significant differences by gender (p < 0.01), work experience (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.01), drinking (p < 0.05), concern about health (p < 0.05), and stress level (p < 0.05). The attitude towards a low-salt diet showed significant differences by gender (p < 0.05), marital status (p < 0.05), work experience (p < 0.05), drinking (p < 0.05), concern about health (p < 0.001), and stress level (p < 0.05). Meal attitude guidance showed a significant difference by marital status (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), work experience (p < 0.001), drinking (p < 0.01), regularity of health checkup (p < 0.001), concern about health (p < 0.001), and stress level (p < 0.05). There was a low positive correlation between knowledge about sodium and dietary behavior related to sodium as well as between dietary behavior related to sodium and attitudes towards a low-salt diet. Attitudes towards a low-salt diet showed a positive correlation with meal attitude guidance. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to consider educational programs on increasing knowledge and attitudes towards a low-salt diet in teachers for improvement of meal attitude guidance activities for students.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.2 s.49
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• pp.223-233
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface conditioning with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid, etching with $38\%$ phosphoric acid, and polishing with a slurry of pumice on shear bond strengths of light-cured glass ionomer cement, chemically cured glass ionomer cement, and a composite resin to enamel, and to observe the failure patterns of bracket bondings. Shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements were compared with that of a composite resin. Metal brackets were bonded on the extracted human bicuspids after enamel surface treatments, and samples were immersed in the $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water bath, and shear bond strengths of glass ionomer cements and a composite resin were measured on the Instron machine after 24hrs passed, and the deboned samples were measured in respect of adhesive remnant index. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of enamel surfaces after various treatments. The data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. 1. Shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement showed statistically higher than that of chemically cured glass ionomer cement. 2. Shear bond strengths of light-cured and chemically cured glass ionomer cements to enamel treated with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid and $38\%$ phosphoric acid showed statistically higher than those with a slurry of pumice. 3. According to scanning electron micrographs, enamel surface conditioned with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid is slightly etched and cleaned, that etched with $38\%$ phosphoric acid is severely etched, and that polished with a slurry of pumice is irregulary scretched and not completely cleaned. 4. After debonding, light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid showed less residual materials on the enamel solace than composite resin to enamel etched with $38\%$ phosphoric acid. 5. There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength of light-cured glass ionomer cement to enamel treated with $10\%$ polyacrylic acid and that of composite resin to enamel etched with $38\%$ Phosphoric acid.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2006

This study set out to analyze the relationships between the senior citizens' dental health activities and dental health conditions, to provide basic data to develop a program for their better dental health, and finally to search for the ways to improve their life quality through dental health care. The subjects were 142 senior citizens(58 were male and 84 were female) who were 65 years old or older and visited a dental hospital or clinic in the Seoul metropolitan area from April 17 to April 28, 2006. With the cooperation from the dentists, the investigators examined their dental conditions and conducted one-on-one interviews to collect the information about their demographic characteristics, dental health activities, and subjective dental health conditions. The collected data were analyzed with T-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS WIN 11.5 program. The analysis results were summarized as follows: First, 58 men(40.8%) and 84 women(59.2%) consisted of the subject group, where percentage of the female participants was bigger Those who were aged from 65 to 69 made the biggest age group in the subjects, accounting for 58.5% with 83. Second, those who had three dental caries or less and then didn't treat them or treated them(F) accounted for the biggest percentage with 117(82.4%) and 72(50.7%) respectively. As for the remaining teeth, the biggest number of them(40 subjects, 28.2%) had three or less remaining. Third, it turned out the female subjects had a higher level of dental health activities than their male counterparts(P = 0.00). As for living expenses, those who were paid salary or earned income themselves carried out their dental health activities in a higher level than those who lived on the benefit from the government(p = 0.02). Fourth, the subjects' subjective dental health conditions had negative correlations with their dental caries not treated. And there were positive correlations between their dental caries not treated and dental caries lost and between their dental caries treated and remaining teeth. Fifth, those subjects who earned their living expenses themselves had the most dental caries treated at 5.4(p = 0.02), and there was statistically significant difference with the numbers. Sixth, those subjects who brushed their teeth in their own manner had 11.8 teeth lost(p = 0.05), which was more than the number of those who brushed their teeth in other methods. And there was statistically significant difference among them. The remaining teeth were found most at 17.3(p = 0.00) among those who brushed their upper and lower teeth separately. In addition, those who visited the public health center often had significantly more teeth treated(4.3) than others(p = 0.00).

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

Japan's first pilot-scale $CO_2$ sequestration experiment has been conducted in Nagaoka, where 10400 t of $CO_2$ have been injected in an onshore aquifer at a depth of about 1100 m. Among various measurements conducted at the site for monitoring the injected $CO_2$, we conducted time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography between two observation wells to determine the distribution of $CO_2$ in the aquifer by the change of P-wave velocities. This paper reports the results of the crosswell seismic tomography conducted at the site. The crosswell seismic tomography measurements were carried out three times; once before the injection as a baseline survey, and twice during the injection as monitoring surveys. The velocity tomograms resulting from the monitoring surveys were compared to the baseline survey tomogram, and velocity difference tomograms were generated. The velocity difference tomograms showed that velocity had decreased in a part of the aquifer around the injection well, where the injected $CO_2$ was supposed to be distributed. We also found that the area in which velocity had decreased was expanding in the formation up-dip direction, as increasing amounts of $CO_2$ were injected. The maximum velocity reductions observed were 3.0% after 3200 t of $CO_2$ had been injected, and 3.5% after injection of 6200 t of $CO_2$. Although seismic tomography could map the area of velocity decrease due to $CO_2$ injection, we observed some contradictions with the results of time-lapse sonic logging, and with the geological condition of the cap rock. To investigate these contradictions, we conducted numerical experiments simulating the test site. As a result, we found that part of the velocity distribution displayed in the tomograms was affected by artefacts or ghosts caused by the source-receiver geometry for the crosswell tomography in this particular site. The maximum velocity decrease obtained by tomography (3.5%) was much smaller than that observed by sonic logging (more than 20%). The numerical experiment results showed that only 5.5% velocity reduction might be observed, although the model was given a 20% velocity reduction zone. Judging from this result, the actual velocity reduction can be more than 3.5%, the value we obtained from the field data reconstruction. Further studies are needed to obtain more accurate velocity values that are comparable to those obtained by sonic logging.