• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2014

In this study, we have investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Rehmannia glutinosa JungKwa (RJ) prepared with different types of sugars (sucrose, isomalto-oligosaccharide, honey or sorbitol). Moisture content was the highest in RJ with honey. The pH level was the highest in RJ with sorbitol, whereas the acidity is the highest in honey. The reducing sugar content is the highest in RJ with honey. The L and a values of Hunter color system showed the highest in RJ with honey, while the b value the highest in RJ with sorbitol. The hardness of texture profile analyses represented the lowest in RJ with sorbitol. Sensory results showed that RJ with sugar was the best in the sensory preference test. The total phenol content was the highest in RJ with honey, while the lowest in RJ with sorbitol. The antioxidant activity determined by $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging activities was the highest in RJ with honey. From these results, it was suggested that RJ with honey show the highest antioxidant activity.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.312-324
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the names and various types of "kwa-jung" along with their recipes and ingredients occurring in Korean cookbooks published before the 17th century. The kwa-jungs were classified into 7 groups including Yoomilkwa, Yookwa, Dasik, Junkwa, Kwapyun, Yutganjung and Dang. A total of 72 kinds of kwa-jung were found. 26 kinds of Yoomilkwa, 18 kinds of Yookwa, 7 kinds of Dasik, 10 kinds of Junkwa, 1 kind of Kwapyun, 3 kinds of Yutganjung and 8 kinds of Dang. Among the types of Yoomilkwa, Yackwa was recognized as the best food according to the references. Also the cooking methods for items had a tendency to become simpler as society became modernized. Original and rare Ingredients were often substituted with other items that could be found more easily where people lived As recorded, the Yookwa group included kangyung, sanja, and bingsakwa. And as society became modernized, people tended to buy Yookwa in the store rather than making it at home due to its complicated and often difficult cooking process. The Dasik items were a kneaded mixture of flour, or the flour of chestnuts, with honey. These were formed into various patterns like birds, animals, butterflies, tree leaves and flowers, or as ki-wha by using printing cooking utensils Honey was used as a sweetener and as a combining material. The Junkwa consisted of roots or fruits that could be easily obtained these cooked or raw foodstuffs were then mixed with sugar and simmered. The Kwapyun used sour fruit juices as a main ingredient. These were then combined with sugar and simmered and allowed to harden. Then they were cut into square shapes after cooling. Yutkangjung was a mixture of yut, chochung, honey or syrup and pine nuts. which was combined over low heat. After mixing and stirring it was cut into square shapes. Finally, the Yut was typically cooked with grains and powdered malt and stirred until thickened.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2006

A study is made on the chest pain in the perspective of Hyungsang medicine. The following are the conclusions produced by the examination on the clinical cases of chest pain. Excessive atmospheric influences (wind, rain, cold and summer heat) are the exogenous causes of chest pain. The endogenous causes are diet, dwelling, sexual life and emotions. Persons of bird type are attacked by the chest pain because of emotional depressions. Those of running animal type get sick of chest pain when wood checks earth. Those of turtle type are a afflicted with chest pain due to depression and stagnation of Ki. Those of fish type suffer from chest pain when the ministerial fire of the liver and kidney becomes hyperactive. Chest pain is causes by leakage of Jung for the Jung kwa person, by stagnation of Ki for the Ki kwa person, by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yim for the Shin kwa person and Dy failure of water and fire in complementing each other for the Hyul kwa person. Chest pain often occurs to persons with the following characteristics upward nose, Dig eyes, chapped lips, pronounced foot of nose, red or yellow complexion, frowning face and wrinkles on the nasal radix. Among the six meridian types, chest pain is often found in the persons of Yangmyung and Taeum meridians. Women suffer from chest pain more often than men because breast is a center of life to her.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2010

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) preserved in syrup, known as ginseng Jung Kwa (GJK), is a popular traditional snack in Korea. We investigated the effects of heat processing time on total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of GJK. Water extract was prepared from GJK with different heat processing times, 3 hours (GJK-3), 6 hours (GJK-6), or 12 hours (GJK-12), with sonication for 2 hours. The GJK extract contained total phenolic content in the following order: GJK-12 (2.28%)>GJK-6 (1.57%)>GJK-3 (1.29%). Both the peroxy and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and cellular antioxidant capacity of GJK extract was significantly enhanced with increasing heat processing time. The hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of GJK-12 extract was greater than that of the GJK-3 and GJK-6 extracts, consistent with metal chelating capacity and reducing capacity. In a cellular model, the GJK extract effectively reduced 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, $Cu^{2+}$-, and $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, with GJK-12 and GJK-6 extracts demonstrating greater cellular antioxidant capacity than the GJK-3 extract. These results suggest that heat processing time can contribute to the antioxidant capacity of GJK and that GJK extract may have the potential to be used as an effective dietary antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1819-1825
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• 2010

인삼정과 제조 시 이용되는 당 용액 대신에 올리고당 함량이 높은 맥문동의 열수추출액을 이용하여 인삼정과를 제조한 후 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 맥문동 추출액으로 제조한 인삼정과는 가용성 무질소물인 탄수화물의 함량이 76.40%로 설탕으로 제조한 인삼정과의 80.01%에 비하여 약 4% 정도 낮았고, 조단백질 및 조회분 함량은 각각 1.46% 및 3.49%로 일반인삼정과의 0.59% 및 0.96%에 비하여 약 3배 이상 높았다. 맥문동 열수추출액을 이용한 인삼정과에서 유리당 조성 및 함량은 fructose가 32.42%로 가장 많았고, 그 외 올리고당이 16.91%, 설탕 및 이당류가 13.91%, glucose가 13.16%이었으며, Rh2를 비롯한 진세노사이드 11종이 검출되어 총 함량이 740.1 mg%로 일반 인삼정과(675.6 mg%)보다 더 높았다. 총 페놀화합물과 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 5.46과 0.016%로 일반인삼정과의 5.02와 0.014%보다 높았다. 맥문동 열수추출액으로 제조한 인삼정과의 항산화활성은 DPPH $IC_{50}$값이 인삼정과 중량기준으로 약 34.5 mg/mL 이었으며, hydrogen peroxide 소거능은 $50{\mu}g$/mL의 농도에서 92%의 소거능을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2001

동아정과를 만들 때 동아의 전처리 과정과 전처리된 동아에 당의 종류와 물의 양의 차이, 졸임시간 및 조리방법이 동아정과의 Texture에 미치는 영향을 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관능검사 결과 color는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 495$m\ell$로 제조한 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. Flavor, Hardness, Chewiness는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$와 설탕 70g으로 제조한 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. Adhesiveness는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 515$m\ell$로 제조한 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. Sweetness는 전처리한 동아 300g, 물 600$m\ell$, 설탕 90g에 꿀 120g으로 제조한 정과가 가장 달다고 평가되었다. 전반적으로 바람직한 기호도는 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 당도 74%의 정과가 가장 좋다고 평가되었다. 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 2. 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 정과의 최대절단력이 4753.8g으로 가장 높았다. 이 때 당은 74%였다. 당은 설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$물엿으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 최대절단력이 높았다. 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p＜0.05). 3. 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 정과의 수분향량은 45.54%로 가장 많았다. 당은 물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$물엿$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀로 제조한 정과의 순으로 수분향량이 많았다. 4. 동아정과의 L값(Lightness)는 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 50g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 밝았다. 전체적으로 물엿$\longrightarrow$1물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀로 제조한 정과의 순으로 L값이 높아 밝았다. a값(Redness)은 전처리한 동아 300g에 물1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 높아 red에 가까웠고 전체적으로 물엿과 설탕$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 red에 가까웠다. b값(Yellowness)은 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 높아 yellow에 가까웠고 전체적으로 물엿$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿과 설탕으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 yellow에 가까웠다. 5. 관능검사에서 단단하다고 평가된 정과가 색도에서 적색도가 높았다. 관능검사에서 색이 좋다고 평가된 정과가 색도에서 붉은 빛과 황색을 나타냈다. 관능검사의 단단한 정도(Hardness)와 씹힘성(Chewinwss)은 기계검사의 Texture인 최대절단력(Maximum cutting force)과 정의 상관관계를 보여 관능검사에서 단단함과 씹힘성이 높다고 평가된 정과가 기계검사에서 최대절단력이 높았다. 관능검사의 전반적으로 바람직한 정도(Overall quality)는 기계검사의 Texture와 정의 상관관계를, 수분향량(Moisture content)과는 부의 상관관계를 보여 최대절단력이 높고 수분함량이 낮을 수록 정과의 관능성이 좋았다. 이상의 연구를 통해 얻은 동아정과의 가장 바람직한 recipe는 동아 300g을 석회가루 20g에 48시간 재운 후 끓는 물에 2분 동안 데쳐 찬물에 1시간 담갔다가 물엿 475$m\ell$, 설탕 70g, 물 1$\ell$를 5시간 동안 졸인 것이었다. 이 때 시럽의 당도는 74%였고, 절단력은 4753.8g이었다. 수분함량은 32%였다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2014

본 연구는 정과를 전통적인 방법보다 간편하게 제조하고자 전기밥솥을 이용하여 수삼 정과를 제조하고자 하였다. 전기밥솥에 수삼 정과를 제조할 경우 졸임 시간이 길어질수록 수분 함량은 줄고 당도는 높아졌다. 또한 졸임 시간이 길어질수록 명도는 낮아지고 적색도와 황색도는 유의적으로 높아졌고 205분 졸인 정과가 전통적인 방법으로 제조한 정과와 색이 가장 비슷하였다. 텍스처 측정 결과 졸임 시간이 길수록 경도는 높아 졌고, 경도와 씹힘성은 205분 졸인 정과가 전통적인 방법으로 제조한 정과와 가장 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 관능검사 결과 정과의 외관, 향, 맛, 텍스처, 종합적인 기호도에서 전기밥솥에 205분 졸인 것이 가장 선호 되었으며, 전통적인 방법을 대신하여 전기밥솥에 정과를 제조함이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

Alcoholism and alcohol abuse are major public health concerns. This is linked to the injury of many organs, especially liver. Experiments were peformed to know the acute effects of LeeKwaDoo (LKD) induced by two-third partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. In liver samples, regeneration parameters and histological assessment were performed. For the blood biochemical study, the blood were assayed with AST, ALT. The portal branch of liver lobes was ligated in the male Sprague-Dowley rats, two-thirds partial hepatectomies were also performed. It was estimated bodyweight and relative liver weight for the index of liver mass. For the marker of blood chemistry, we investigate the serum sample of rats and demonstrated the level of AST, ALT. Remaining tissues of liver developed as microscopic structures. Resection of the lobes in PH+LKD group resulted in a marked change of liver weight, blood chemistry and histological changes. The initiation of the proliferative response in PH group stimulated as well as reduction of the liver mass. On the other hands, the Initiation of the proliferative response in PH+LKD group delayed. Eventually, both PH group and PH+LKD group was restored relative liver weigh after 7 day. In conclusion, the acute adminstration of LKD seems to inhibit the initial response of liver regeneration through alcohol effects.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2005

The writer reports the conclusions gained from study about the cause of the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome with Dongeuibogam as the central figure through researching the disharmony among Body Essence, Vital Energy, Mentality, and Blood, mutual action of five viscera and six bowels, and external shapes. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome is generally chronic and recurred in many cases, so it is more efficacious than symptomatic to treat according to find the contradictions of individual shapes. The shapes and cases suffering frequently the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are Gi-kwa and Sin-kwa, having a long nose, having a bruised spot on Triple warmer, man with inclined mouth, Taeeum type, man with congested fluids, man with colic symptoms. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome in Oriental medicine is recognized of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fullness caused by seven emotions. In Dongeuibogam it can be found out the similarity in depressive symptoms due to disorder of Gi, stagnation of Gi, dysphasia due to disorder of Gi, diarrhea due to disorder of Gi, fullness of due to Gi, diarrhea due to phlegm-retention, retention of undigested food, immoderate drinking, hypo-function of the spleen, or deficiency, abdominal pain from colic symptom, and difficulty in defecation and urination, internal injury, diarrhea due to weakness and fatigue. If the Jung, Gi, Sin, and Hyul composed the human body is broken harmony, the function of large intestinal transmission would be fallen, so similar symptoms like the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are gotten. Especially Gi-kwa suffers diarrhea, constipation abdominal pain, and abdominal distention and fullness due to depressive symptoms from disorder of Seven emotions or Seven Gi. And Sin-kwa suffers from the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome due to emotional restlessness having an influence on rhythmic movement of abdomen. Examining between five viscera and six bowels and the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome, Liver cannot disperse well having influence on mutual relation of Liver-Large intestine, Heart reduces the function of defecation and urination not to control the seven emotions, Lung having exterior and interior relation with intestine has an influence on primordial energy and let the main symptoms occur, Spleen circulating the body fluid let the main symptoms occur due to malfunction of circulation, Kidney locating in lower part of the body has deep connection with intestine, so let the disorder. Urinary bladder is connected with intestine in moisture metabolism, Stomach is connected in receive and transmission, Small intestine is connected in absorption and excretion, from small intestine pain disturbing the abdominal movement, Samcho managing the catharsis of lower heater if declined its function causes the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The colic symptoms of Front private parts which disorder in lower abdomen give rise to abdominal pains, difficulty in defecation and urination due to Cold are similar to the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The treatments of applying the shapes of colic syndrome advocated by Master Park can be efficacious cure in clinic. Researching after the clinical cases of Master Park advocating Hyungsang medicine, we came to know that plenty of prescriptions of internal injury are applied and take good effects.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.168-178
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• 1997

The serotonin has been known to play important roles in pathology of the mood disorders. We summerize the evidences of serotonin in pathology of the mood disroders in a view of neuroanatomical and neurochemical aspects. Nowaday, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) may be practically the first line of antidepressants with traditional tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs). Authors review the role of serotonin in the treatment of the mood disorders, in a view of the general considerations in selecting antidepressants, pharmacology, therapeutic indications, side effects, doses of medication, drug-discontinuation syndrome, drug-to-drug interactions, and special therapeutic situations.