• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.8.1-8.9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study assessed the health risks for children exposed to phthalate through several pathways including house dust, surface wipes and hand wipes in child facilities and indoor playgrounds. Methods: The indoor samples were collected from various children's facilities (40 playrooms, 42 daycare centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor-playgrounds) in both summer (Jul-Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan-Feb, 2008). Hazard index (HI) was estimated for the non-carcinogens and the examined phthalates were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP). The present study examined these four kinds of samples, i.e., indoor dust, surface wipes of product and hand wipes. Results: Among the phthalates, the detection rates of DEHP were 98% in dust samples, 100% in surface wipe samples, and 95% in hand wipe samples. In this study, phthalate levels obtained from floor dust, product surface and children's hand wipe samples were similar to or slightly less compared to previous studies. The $50^{th}$ and $95^{th}$ percentile value of child-sensitive materials did not exceed 1 (HI) for all subjects in all facilities. Conclusions: For DEHP, DnBP and BBzP their detection rates through multi-routes were high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable. This study suggested that ingestion and dermal exposure could be the most important pathway of phthalates besides digestion through food.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2007

본 논문은 1-Hz의 낮은 고정자 전류 주파수에서도 동작하는 순수적분 기반의 자속추정을 위한 온라인 전류측정 오차 보상방법을 제안한다. 오프셋 전류와 변환이득오차에 의한 역상분 전류 성분은 상태관측기를 이용하여 제거하고, 동시에 변환이득오차에 의한 역상분 전류는 동기좌표계에서 영구자석에 의하여 발생된 q축 자속을 기준모델에 의한 값과 추정된 자속에 의한 값 사이의 차이에 의하여 보상한다. 이 보상기는 PI제어기를 이용하여 두 값 사이의 오차가 0이 되도록 제어한다. 또한 적분기 초기값 오차 및 관측기의 전동기 상수 오차에 의한 잔여오차 보상방법도 제안하였다. 타당성을 입증하기 위하여 1.1-kW 영구자석형 동기전동기(PMSM)에 제안된 보상 방법을 구현하여 다양한 실험을 수행하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.750-750
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• 2002

The Airship PKNU is a roughly 12 m (32 ft) long blimp, filled with helium, whose two-gasoline power(3hp per engine) are independently radio controlled. The motors and propellers can be tilted and are attached to the gondola through an axle and supporting braces. Four stabilizing fins are mounted at the tail of the airship. To fill in the helium, a valve is placed at the bottom of the hull. The inaugural flight was on jul. 31.2002 at the Pusan, S.korea Most environment monitoring system\ problem use satellite image. But, Low resolution satellite image (multi-spectral) : 1km ∼ 250 m ground resolutions is lows. So, detail information acquisition is hard at the complex terrain. High resolution satellite image (black and white) 30m : The ground resolution is high. But it is high price, visit cycle and delivery time is long So. We want make high accuracy airship photogrammetry system. This airship can catch picture Multi. spectral Aerial photographing (visible, Near infrared and thermal infrared), and High resolution (over 6million pixel). It can take atmosphere datum (Temperature (wet bulb, dew point, general), Pressure (static, dynamic), Humidity, wind speed). this airship is very Quickness that aircraft install time is lower than 30 minutes, it is compact and that conveyance is easy. High-capacity save image (628 cut per 1time (over 6million and 4band(R,G,B,NIR)) and this airship can save datum this High accuracy navigatin (position and rotate angle) by DGPS tech. and Gyro system. this airship will do monitor about red-tide, sea surface temperate, and CH-A, SS and etc.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.574-581
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• 1985

Surgical treatment for PDA has been pivotal in historical development of surgery for congenital heart disease. A clinical study on 36 cases of operated PDA were performed during period from Aug. 1981 to Jul. 1985 at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery in Chonbuk University. The following results are obtained. 1. The 8 males and 28 females ranged in age from 2 yrs, to 24 yrs, [mean 11 yrs.] 2. Chief complaints of the patients were dyspnea on exertion in 61%, palpitation in 39%, frequent URI in 12%, and no subjective symptoms in 11%. 3. On auscultation, continuous machinery murmur heard in 94% and systolic in 14%. 4. Radiologic findings of chest P-A showed increased density of pulmonary vascularity in 94%, cardiomegaly in 69%, and within normal limits in 5% of the patients. 5. EKG findings of the patients revealed LVH in 69%, RVH in 6%, BVH in 6%, and within normal limits in 17%. 6. Of the 36 patients, cardiac catheterization was performed in 34 patients. The results showed mean Qp/Qs = 2.25, mean Pp/Ps=0.42, and mean systolic pulmonary arterial pressure=53mmHg. 7. Surgical methods were as followed: The 32 case of ductal ligation and one case of division & suture technique for PDA through the left posterolateral thoracotomy were done. And 2 cases of ductal ligation one suture closure through the pulmonary artery were performed under the cardiopulmonary bypass. 8. Intraoperative complication was ductal rupture with division 8< suture for PDA and transient hoarseness in 1, recanalization in 1, and urethral stricture in 1 case postoperatively. 9. One patient died due to ductal rupture intraoperatively and operative mortality was 2.8%.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 바리스타에게서 나타나는 작업 관련한 상지 근골격계 통증 상태를 조사하고 통증과 관련된 요소를 확인하는 것이었다. 연구대상은 전주시의 카페 근무자로 하여 통증 현황을 조사하였고 그 중 통증 고위험군을 대상으로 통증 영향 변수를 조사하였다. 업무 관련 통증을 조사한 결과, 65.3%에서 적어도 1주일, 1개월 또는 1년 내에 통증이 있었다고 응답하였다. 대부분의 근로자는 오른손잡이였고 하루의 25~50%의 시간 동안 통증을 느꼈다고 하였다. 특히 일하는 중 포터 필터를 사용하는 것이 가장 고통스럽다고 보고하였다. 향후에 카페 작업자의 질병을 예방하기 위한 프로그램을 도입하고 개발하는 것이 필요하고, 카페 작업의 특성에 따라 작업 환경과 자세를 개선하기 위한 향후 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In order to diagnose low-level turbulence in Korea, diagnostic indices of low-level turbulence were calculated from Aug 2016 to Jul 2019 using a Korea Meteorological Administration Post Precessing (KMAPP) developed by the National Institute Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), and the indices were evaluated using Aircaft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR). In the mean horizontal distribution of diagnostic indices calculated, severe turbulence was simulated along major domestic mountains, including near the Taebaek Mountains, the Sobaek Mountains and Hallasan Mountain on Jeju Island due to geographical factors. Later, detection performance was evaluated by calculating the KMAPP Low-Level Turbulencd index (KLT) on combined index, using AUC value of Individual diagnostic indices as a weight. The result showed that the AUC value of KLT was 0.73, and the detection performance was improved (0.02-0.13) when the index was combined. Also, when looking for the AMDAR data is divided into years, seasons, and altitudes, up to 0.94 AUC values were found in winter (DJF) and the surface (surface-1,000ft). By using high-resolution numerical data reflecting detailed terrain data, local turbulence distribution was well demonstrated and high detection performance was shown at low-level.

• 한국과학예술포럼
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• 제28권
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• pp.175-184
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• 2017

본 연구는 관광객이 관광지를 방문한 후 기억할만한 관광경험이 어떤 것이 있으며, 그에 따른 관광지 만족도 및 충성도를 분석하고자 실증분석을 실시하였다. 연구방법 및 연구내용, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 선행연구(Chandralal & Valenzuela, 2015)에서 제시한 기억할만한 관광경험(Memorable Tourism Experience: MTE) 측정척도를 활용하였으며, 현지 가이드에 대한 경험, 예상하지 못한 즐거운 경험, 지역전통 고유문화 경험, 개인자아 발견 경험, 여행 동반자 유대강화 경험, 독특하고 이국적인 경험, 정서적 경험, 지역주민 환대 경험, 개인 관심 여행 충족 경험요인 등 9개의 요인이 도출되었다. 기억할만한 관광경험은 관광지만족도 및 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기억할만한 관광 경험 중 지역주민 환대 경험은 관광지만족도와 충성도에 아무런 영향관계가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기억할만한 관광경험에 대한 중요성을 시사할 수 있으며, 관광객들에게 다양한 경험을 기획하고 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2022

2020년 11월 한국 제주도 남부에서 봉고네트로 채집된 놀래기과 고생놀래기속 후기자어 1개체를 형태 분석한 결과, Thalassoma quinquevittatum로 확인되었다. 자치어 시기에 형태적으로 매우 유사한 색동놀래기 T. amblycephalum와 등쪽 경사, 눈의 모양, 흑색소포의 분포에서 구별된다. 미토콘드리아 DNA COI 염기서열 548 bp을 분석한 결과, T. quinquevittatum 성어와 0.2~0.5% 유전적 차이를 보였고, 같은 속의 T. amblycephalum, T. cupido, T. lunare, T. purpureum, T. lucasanum, T. lutescens와는 각각 12.3%, 13.7%, 13.2%, 12.1%, 13%, 11.2%의 유전적 차이를 보였다. 국내 처음 보고되는 본 종의 새로운 국명으로 "다섯줄색동놀래기"를 제안한다.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
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• 제13권sup호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2023

본 증례에서는 틱 장애 증상과 오심 구토를 동반한 환자에게 턱관절균형요법을 병행한 한방 치료를 적용하여 증상의 호전을 관찰하였다. 따라서, 이와 같은 경우에 턱관절균형요법을 적용하여 중추신경계와 자율신경계를 안정화시켜 틱장애 증상을 개선시킬 뿐만 아니라 전체적인 척추 정렬을 바로잡음으로써 소화기계와 관련된 흉추의 안정화를 통하여 관련된 증상의 호전에도 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.101-130
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• 2017

The ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have caused great economic losses in the aquaculture industry in the waters of Korea and other countries. Predicting outbreak of C. polykrikoides red tides 1-2 weeks in advance is a critical step in minimizing losses. In the South Sea of Korea, large C. polykrikoides red tide patches have often been recorded offshore and transported to nearshore waters. To explore the processes of offshore C. polykrikoides red tides, temporal variations in 3-dimensional (3-D) distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters were investigated by analyzing 4,432 water samples collected from 2-5 depths of 60 stations in the South Sea, Korea 16 times from May to Nov, 2014. In the study area, the vegetative cells of C. polykrikoides were found as early as May 7, but C. polykrikoides red tide patches were observed from Aug 21 until Oct 9. Cochlodinium red tides occurred in both inner and outer stations. Prior to the occurrence of large C. polykrikoides red tides, the phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense (Jun 12 to Jul 11), Ceratium furca (Jul 11 to Aug 21), and Alexandrium fraterculus (Aug 21) formed red tides in sequence, and diatom red tides formed 2-3 times without a certain distinct pattern. The temperature for the optimal growth of these four red tide dinoflagellates is known to be similar. Thus, the sequence of the maximum growth rates of P. donghaiense > C. furca > A. fraterculus > C. polykrikoides may be partially responsible for this sequence of red tides in the inner stations following high nutrients input in the surface waters because of heavy rains. Furthermore, Cochlodinium red tides formed and persisted at the outer stations when $NO_3$ concentrations of the surface waters were < $2{\mu}M$ and thermocline depths were >20 m with the retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundance of the competing red-tide species was relatively low. The sequence of the maximum swimming speeds and thus potential reachable depths of C. polykrikoides > A. fraterculus > C. furca > P. donghaiense may be responsible for the large C. polykrikoides red tides after the small blooms of the other dinoflagellates. Thus, C. polykrikoides is likely to outgrow over the competitors at the outer stations by descending to depths >20 m and taking nutrients up from deep cold waters. Thus, to predict the process of Cochlodinium red tides in the study area, temporal variations in 3-D distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters showing major nutrient sources, formation and depth of thermoclines, intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundance of competing red tide species should be well understood.