• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

Temporomandibular ankylosis is defined as a situation in which the condyle is fused to the fossa by bone or fibrous tissue. Conditons such as trauma, infection, or systemic disease may predispose to various types of ankylosis, bringing about different levels of limitation in mandibular movement. Most patients with temporomandibular ankylosis are associated with limitation of maximal mouth opening, deviation of the chin toward the affected side, impaired occlusion, chronic pain, compromised oral hygiene, severe facial asymmetry & impeded mandibular molar eruption occurring in childhood. Several techniques to release ankylosis have been described in the literature, showing variable and often unsatisfactory results. The most frequently used operations are gap arthroplasty, interpositional arthroplasty, and exicision and joint reconstruction with autogenous or alloplastic materials. We have managed the two patients of TMJ ankylosis. They had previously TMJ surgery and we treated with gap arthroplasty & active physial therapy. We have obtained favorable results and report these cases with literatures review.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.711-724
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• 2016

다양하게 변화하는 복잡한 생존환경 하에서는 여러 요인이 동시에 사람이나 시스템의 수명에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 여러 요인이 동시에 수명에 영향을 주면서, 영향력의 크기가 상황에 따라 동적으로 변화하는 신뢰성 모형에 관한 연구를 수행한다. 수명에 영향을 주는 요인으로, 자연적 고장과 더불어, 하나의 개체의 사망이나 고장으로 인한 잔여 개체에 대한 스트레스 증가, 외부 충격, 그리고 생존 환경 스트레스 수준을 동시에 고려한다. 이들 요인들을 모두 포함하는 두 가지 모델을 고려하고, 이변량 수명 분포를 유도한다. 또한 이들 두 모형을 서로 비교하며, 이들 모형으로부터 얻어지는 최대값의 분포와 최소값의 분포를 비교하고자 한다. 제안된 두 가지 신뢰성 모형에서의 최대값 분포와 최소값 분포의 비교를 위하여 확률적 순서화에 관한 개념을 소개하며, 이에 기초하여 최대값 분포와 최소값 분포에 대한 확률적 비교를 수행한다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1992

Volkmann's ischemic contracture is the end result of an untreated, delayed or Inadequately decompressed compartment syndrome in which muscle ischemia and necrosis have occurred. Once the muscle necrosis have happened, the involved muscle undergo permanent change into fibrous tissue. So secondary shortening and distal joint contracture will be a final outcome, which results in marked functional impairment of hand and forearm. Even though several procedures, such as muscle sliding operation has been attempted, overall results were far from satisfaction, compare to healthy opposite hand. The management of these unfavorable condition of the forearm and hand was regarded as one of challenging area in orthopedics. Recently new approach, using microsurgical technique which transfers functioning muscle unit, has been developed and its result was much better than any other methods in the aspect of an active motion. Among these musculocutaneous free flaps, gracilis has obtained special reputation due to its easiness to handle such as elevation of flap and reliable neurovascular pedicle. Other advantages are flexibility of flap size to adjust variable size of the defect in the forearm and minor morbidity of the donor site. Authors have performed 7 cases of functioning gracilis musulocutaneous free flap transplantation for the functional loss of forearm and hand due to Volkmann's ischemic contracture or muscle and skin defect due to severe trauma since November, 1981 till May, 1991. The results in most cases were satisfactory and acceptable.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.657-676
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• 2011

통계적 공정관리절차의 특성은 해석적 해를 얻기가 어려운 경우가 많이 있으나 Markov연쇄를 적용하면 가능한 경우가 많이 있다. 이 논문에서는 공정 통계량이 Markov특성을 따르는 경우, Markov연쇄를 생성하는 방법과 이를 이용한 공정관리 절차의 특성을 도출하는 방법에 대해 설명하고 있다. 관리도의 통계적 설계, 경제적 설계 및 변량 표본 추출비 설계 등의 특성 규명을 위한 Markov연쇄의 적용에 대한 기존의 알려진 방법을 복습하고 또한 새로운 공정관리 분야인 재조정 관리도에의 적용방법에 대한 연구결과도 보여주고 있다. 공정관리의 특성연구에서 해석적 해가 가능한 경우에도 이 과정이 복잡하여 Markov연쇄를 병행 사용하면 특성 규명이 명확해지며, 모의실험보다는 짧은 시간에 더 정밀한 결과를 얻을 수 있어 널리 이용되고 있다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to verify the importance of apoptosis in genesis of osteosarcoma and whether apoptosis may play an important role as a predictive factor for the response to chemotherapy. Of the patients who were diagnosed osteosarcoma between January 1995 and June 1999, ten patients were selected. All specimens were obtained before and after preoperative chemotherapy and examined for the occurrence of apoptosis. Apoptosis was investigated by in situ end-labeling technique on paraffin-embedded sections and apoptotic indices were calculated before and after chemotherapy. The ages of ten patients ranged from 15 to 59 with equal sex ratio. All patients completed the planned pre-operative chemotherapy. Apoptosis occurs in osteosarcoma and apoptotic indices are increased after chemotherapy. Mean apoptotic index (AI) before and after chemotherapy were 17.2 (range 6-28.9) and 26.3 (9.6-46.2), respectively. Apoptotic cells were usually present around the necrotic area. The AI was increased as the progression of stage and in responder group more than in non-responder. Apoptosis is induced by pre-operative chemotherapy and the response is variable. Changes in AI levels before and after chemotherapy may possibly predict an individual patient's overall response.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.363-380
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• 2018

This paper presented an integral design procedure for demountable bolted composite frames with semi-rigid joints. Moment-rotation relationships of beam-to-column joints were predicted with analytical models aiming to provide accurate and reliable analytical solutions. Among this, initial stiffness of beam-to-column joints was derived on the basis of Timoshenko's plate theory, and moment capacity was derived in accordance with Eurocodes. The predictions were validated with relevant test results prior to further applications. Frame analysis was conducted by using Abaqus software with material and geometrical nonlinearity considered. Variable lateral loads incorporating wind actions and earthquake actions in accordance with Australian Standards were adopted to evaluate the flexural behaviour of the composite frames. Strength and serviceability limit state criteria were utilized to verify configurations of designed models. A wide range of frames with the varied number of storeys and bays were thereafter programmed to ascertain bending moment envelopes under various load combinations. The analytical results suggest that the proposed approach is capable of predicting the moment-rotation performance of the semi-rigid joints reasonably well. Outcomes of the frame analysis indicate that the load combination with dead loads and live loads only leads to maximum sagging and hogging moment magnitudes in beams. As for lateral loads, wind actions are more crucial to dominate the design of the demountable composite frames than earthquake actions. No hogging moment reversal is expected in the composite beams given that the frames are designed properly. The proposed analysis procedure is demonstrated to be a simple and efficient method, which can be applied into engineering practice.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Purpose: Besides depression and anxiety, recently pain catastrophizing has been emphasized for an important psychological factor explaining pain response in various pain conditions including temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The aims of this study were to evaluate pain catastrophizing of TMD patients and to investigate how the level of pain catastrophizing related with clinical variables and psychometric morbidity. Methods: Inclusion criterion was all new TMD patients ${\geq}18$ years old attending the Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine of Dankook University Dental Hospital (Cheonan, Korea) over three-month period in 2014, who completed questionnaires. The questionnaires included the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Symptom Check List- 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). All of them were examined clinically and diagnosed. Results: One hundred fifty five patients diagnosed as TMDs were participated in this study (mean age of $38.7{\pm}15.2$ years, male:female=1:2.5). Mean PCS score of the patients was 17.3 with standard deviation of 12.6. By the median of the PCS score (i.e., 15), the subjects were categorized into the high (${\geq}15$) and low catastrophizers (<15). Increased pain severity and interference and increased score of psychological features of SCL-90-R were found in the TMD patients with higher level of catastrophizing (p<0.001) and there was weak to moderate correlation between those factors (p<0.05). Difference in catastrophizing level was not found for other variables such as age, gender, duration of pain, education level and types of TMDs. Conclusions: Conclusively, pain catastrophizing of TMD patients relates positively to pain severity and pain interference. In addition to depression and anxiety, pain catastrophizing is positively correlated with variable other psychological morbidity such as somatization, obsessive- compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. Types of TMD diagnosis do not seem to affect catastrophizing level. The results of this study suggest that pain catastrophizing should be emphasized and assessed in the TMD patients.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 4절 링크 이론(four-bar linkage mechanism)과 얀센 메커니즘(Jansen mechanism)을 기반으로 다관절 보행 로봇(multi-legged walking robot)인 게(crab) 로봇을 제작하고, 게 로봇의 움직임에 대하여 기구학적인 해석을 제시한다. 제작된 게 로봇은 영상 획득을 위하여 카메라를 장착하였고, 장애물 회피를 위하여 3조의 초음파 센서를 가지고 있다. 또한 RF통신으로 외부에 영상 정보를 전달하며, Blue-tooth 통신 모듈을 장착하여 외부로부터 부여된 임무를 수행할 수 있다. 게 로봇의 설계와 제작을 하기 위해서 필요로 하는, 로봇 다리의 움직임을 알기 위해서는 관절 변수와 다리 끝단의 위치 및 자세와의 관계를 얻어야 한다. 따라서, 제안된 기구학적 해석은 로봇의 설계와 제작에 있어서 많은 도움을 주며 중요한 과정이다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2018

본 논문은 연속형 내부재고를 갖는 M/M/1 대기행렬모형을 다룬다. 고객은 포아송과정으로 도착하고 선입선출 서비스를 받는다. 각 고객의 서비스시간은 독립적이며 동일한 지수분포를 따른다. 고객은 서비스를 받기 위해 일반분포를 따르는 확률변수 H의 내부재고를 소비하며, 서비스 완료시점에 감소한다고 가정한다. 재고시스템은 전통적인 (s,S)-정책에 따라 운용되며, 재고의 조달 시간은 일반분포를 따른다고 가정한다. 재고가 없는 기간에 도착한 고객은 유실된다. 본 논문은 이처럼 운영되는 재고-대기행렬모형의 고객수 및 재고량에 대한 안정상태 결합확률분포를 유도하고 수치예를 보인다. 또한 장기적인 비용을 최소화하는 재고운용정책을 고찰한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2006

Musculoskeletal neck dysfunction syndromes are common in outpatient musculoskeletal pain practice. The underlying musculoskeletal and neurologic causes of pain are variable. In the management of these patients, it is important to accurately identify and treat these pain generators to optimize patient outcome. It is the purpose of this review to discuss three main categories of functional anatomy, the role of superficial/deep muscular system and the scientific evidence for optimal physical therapy intervention for cervical dysfunction. Specifically there is evidence of lowered microcirculation in the upper trapezius muscle, morphological signs of disturbed mitochondrial function which appears to be limited to type I fibers and an increased cross-sectional area of type I muscle fibers despite a lower capillary to fiber area ratio. In acute neck pain syndrome, changes in muscle activity of painful muscles may result from segmental and supraspinal inhibitory effects. Muscle activation is closely related to the control of joint movements and postures and it is difficult to separate the influence of the two components. Both the altered muscle recruitment patterns and altered kinematics appear to be a poor adaptation for pain of the head - neck region, as they are likely to result in increased compressive loading in the cervical spine, affecting muscles, articular structures such as zygapophyseal joints, connective tissues and neural tissues which are all peripheral generators of referred pain. The rectus capitus posterior minor muscle shows that it is one of the most important muscles of the suboccipital region. In this article, i reviewed the anatomy, neurophysiology, function and dysfunction as well as the treatment of cervical dysfunction.