• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2001

A existing design method of PSC girder bridges, according to total service loads, stress required tendon force at a time. Because this design method increases beam depth, design of long span is difficult. However, As UC girder stressing at difficult loading stages reduces sectional depth of PSC girder, both design and operation of long span bridges is possible. so, this study analyzes the effect of design parameter (Girder Strength, Girder Spacing, Span Length, Joint Strength) on the beam depth of IPC girder continuous bridges, and shows sectional depth of UC girder for design of long span bridges. According to analysis, when a continuous bridges of same length span is at strength of joint over strength of girder of 600kg/$cm^{2}$, a change of beam depth is observed and when a continuous bridges of different span length is at strength of joint below strength of girder of 600kg/$cm^{2}$, a change of beam depth is observed. In two case, a change of beam depth is mostly observed over strength of girder of 350kg/$cm^{2}$ according to analysis of deflection data, a continuous bridges of IPC girder is nearly satisfied.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.774-777
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate joint behavior for the application of hybrid bridges by experiment of 14 beams according to penetration length, amount of reinforcing steel and stud and prestressing stress. By tests results, prestressing stress was more effective than amount of stud or reinforcing steel. And the spacing of stud is also more effective than penetration length. Especially, all beams were failed by turns desertion of reinforcing steel, stud, and steel plate.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2002

서울시 북동부의 서울화강암에 대한 불연속면의 특성을 수락산과 불암산 지역으로 구분하여 비교, 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 암석의 공학적 특성 중 터널과 도로 건설시 중요하게 취급하여 측정된 요소는 다음과 같다: 1) 절리의 방향성, 2) 절리간격, 3) 절리밀도, 4) 암석의 일축압축강도. 이 중 절리의 방향성, 절리간격과 절리밀도는 선조사법, 원형조사법, 그리고 면적조사법을 이용하여 야외에서 직접 측정될 수 있는 요소이나, 암석의 일축압축강도의 측정에는 원래 암석의 시추코아 표본이 필요하지만 이번 연구에서는 간단히 응용할 수 있는 대비공식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 측정된 대표적인 절리의 방향성은 두 지역에서 모두 3조의 방향성이 나타났다. 즉 2조의 수직정방절리와 저각으로 경사하는 1조의 판상절리이었으며, 서로 매우 유사한 방향성을 갖는다. 측정된 절리밀도는 0.039-0.066/cm 이었으며, 면적조사법으로 측정된 평균절리길이는 1.30-4.52m, 평균절리간격은 10.3cm에서 최대 59,6cm로 측정된 조사선의 방향에 따라 변화가 심하다. 또한 슈미트해머 타격값에 근거한 절리면의 일축압축강도는 217 MPa에서 335 MPa로 강한 암체로 판명되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 1999

Distribution of fracture system is an important factor to analyse instability of jointed rock slope. In the most case of rock slopes, joint distribution properties are related to potential, shape, size and locality of slope failure. The purpose of this paper is to present an application of fracture characterization related to rock slope failure. Fracture data used in this study are collected by scanline survey. Two aspects of fracture characterization for rock slope are handled in this study First, In order to determine the potential and shape of slope failure, trace length of joints is considered as the weighting factor about collected orientation data. Second, Relationship between trace length and spacing is analysed to estimate failure location and size. The distribution of fracture system is directly influenced on wedge failure. It is effective to analyse the orientation of fractures by using weighting factors associated with the trace length of fractures rather than to analyse only that of fractures. It gives a conclusion that the wedge failure occurred along the peak of fracture density(or intensity) cycles.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2003

시추공 또는 선형조사선과 같은 1D측선에서 측정된 절리 자료의 샘플링 편향을 보정하는 절차를 기술하였다. ID 측선에서 절리가 관측될 수 있는 확률은 측선 방향에 대한 절리의 상대적인 방향 이외에도 절리 크기, 절리 모양 및 측선 길이 등의 복합적 요인에 의하여 결정될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 절리의 모양을 원판형이라 가정하고 절리의 방향 및 크기에 의하여 나타날 수 있는 절리 자료의 방향 편향 효과를 동시에 보정할 수 있는 방법론을 제시하고, 현장적용을 통하여 방향 편향 보정이 절리군의 방향분포에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한, 유한 길이의 측선으로부터 산정된 절리군의 간격분포는 샘플링 영역인 측선 길이에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있으며, 이와 같은 간격 편향에 대한 보정절차를 기술하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.535-570
• /
• 2017

There are only few cases where cause and location of failure of a rock structure are limited to a single discontinuity. Usually several discontinuities of limited size interact and eventually form a combined shear plane where failure takes place. So, besides the discontinuities, the regions between adjacent discontinuities, which consist of strong rock and are called material or rock bridges, are of utmost importance for the shear strength of the compound failure plane. Shear behaviour of persistent and non-persistent joint are different from each other. Shear strength of rock mass containing non-persistent joints is highly affected by mechanical behavior and geometrical configuration of non-persistent joints located in a rock mass. Therefore investigation is essential to study the fundamental failures occurring in a rock bridge, for assessing anticipated and actual performances of the structures built on or in rock masses. The purpose of this review paper is to present techniques, progresses and the likely future development directions in experimental testing of non-persistent joint failure behaviour. Experimental results showed that the presence of rock bridges in not fully persistent natural discontinuity sets is a significant factor affecting the stability of rock structures. Compared with intact rocks, jointed rock masses are usually weaker, more deformable and highly anisotropic, depending upon the mechanical properties of each joint and the explicit joint positions. The joint spacing, joint persistency, number of rock joint, angle of rock joint, length of rock bridge, angle of rock bridge, normal load, scale effect and material mixture have important effect on the failure mechanism of a rock bridge.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.659-665
• /
• 2016

풋월 비탈면 설계 시 해석시간이 짧고, 간편하여 한계평형법을 주로 이용하였으나, 쟁기형태파괴를 모사하기에는 어려움이 따른다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 2차원 DEM (Distinct Element Method) 해석프로그램인 UDEC을 이용해 수치해석을 수행하여 풋월 비탈면에서 발생되는 쟁기형태파괴에 미치는 영향인자를 분석하였다. 매개변수분석은 암반절리(층면절리, 공액절리, 비탈면의 하단에 위치한 절리)의 구조 및 암반절리상태 등을 변경하여 수행하였으며, 비탈면의 안전율은 강도감소법(Strength Reduction Method)을 이용하여 산정하였다. 수치해석 결과를 통해 쟁기형태파괴는 공액절리(conjugate joint)의 경사각에 주로 의존하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 층리의 한계간격 및 슬래브의 한계길이가 공액절리의 경사각에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 비탈면 보강을 포함한 풋월 비탈면의 최적설계 및 시공에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.227-239
• /
• 2018

Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have no joint across the length of bridge and are therefore also known as jointless bridges. IABs have many advantages, such as structural integrity, efficiency, and stability. More importantly, IABs have proven to be have both low maintenance and construction costs. However, due to the restraints at both ends of the girder due to the absence of a gap (joint), special design considerations are required. For example, while replacing the deck slabs to extend the service life of the IAB, the buckling strength of the steel girder without a deck slab could be much smaller than the case with deck slab in place. With no deck slab, the addition of thermal expansion in the steel girders generates passive earth pressure from the abutment and if the applied axial force is greater than the buckling strength of the steel girders, buckling failure can occur. In this study, numerical simulations were performed to estimate the buckling strength of typical steel girders in IABs. The effects of girder length, the width of flange and thickness of flange, imperfection due to fabrication and construction errors on the buckling strengths of multiple and single girders in IABs are studied. The effect of girder spacing, span length ratio (for a three span girder) and self-weight effects on the buckling strength are also studied. For estimation of the reaction force of the abutment generated by the passive earth pressure of the soil, BA 42/96 (2003), PennDOT DM4 (2015) and the LTI proposed equations (2009) were used and the results obtained are compared with the buckling strength of the steel girders. Using the selected design equations and the results obtained from the numerical analysis, equations for preventing the buckling failure of steel girders during deck replacement for maintenance are presented.

• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 1992

외측 보-기둥 접합부에 정착된 곧은 보 주철근의 인발거동을 예견하기 위한 해석모델이 개발되었다. 이 모델은 외측조인트에 수직방향으로 콘크리트를 구속하기 위하여 횡방향 철근을 배치한 상태의 구속조건(confined condition)하에서 이형철근의 부착특성에 관한 정착철근의 직경, 콘크리트 압축강도, 항복강도, 철근간격 및 주압력(column pressure)에 대한 영향을 고려할 수 있는 국부부착에 관한 시뮬레이션을 구체화하였다. 이 연구에서 채택된 해석 기법은 횡방향 철근이 배근된 공시체에 매입한 곧은 이형철근에 대한 인발실험의 결과를 만족하게 예견하였다. ACI-ASCE 352 위원회가 제안하고 있는 외측조인트 상태에서의 정착 철근길이에 관한 규정이 개발된 해석접근법을 사용해 평가 되었다. 이 해석 평가의 결과는 현재의 외측조인트의 구속조건에서의 정착길이에 대한 규정이 너무 안정적인 측면에 있다는 것을 암시하고 있다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2020

The recognition of the risk hazards is a vital step to effectively prevent accidents on a construction site. The advanced development in computer vision systems and the availability of the large visual database related to construction site made it possible to take quick action in the event of human error and disaster situations that may occur during management supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors that need to be managed at the construction site and review appropriate and effective technical methods for each risk factor. This research focuses on analyzing Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) related to risk zone identification rules that can be adopted by the image recognition technology and classify their risk factors depending on the effective technical method. Therefore, this research developed a pattern-oriented classification of OSHA rules that can employ a large scale of safety hazard recognition. This research uses joint reasoning of risk zone Identification and numeric input by utilizing a stereo camera integrated with an image detection algorithm such as (YOLOv3) and Pyramid Stereo Matching Network (PSMNet). The research result identifies risk zones and raises alarm if a target object enters this zone. It also determines numerical information of a target, which recognizes the length, spacing, and angle of the target. Applying image detection joint logic algorithms might leverage the speed and accuracy of hazard detection due to merging more than one factor to prevent accidents in the job site.