• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to delve into how to provide better and more oral health education to middle school students, and to boost school oral health projects. The subjects in this study were 430 middle schoolers. After their oral health awareness, knowledge and oral health care were investigated, the following findings were given: 1. Concerning concern for oral health, 56.7 percent were oral health conscious, and as many as 43.2 percent were little or never concerned about it. 2. As to subjective oral health status, 36.7 percent found their own oral health status to be good, and 63.3 percent had a periodontal disease or felt that there was something wrong with their oral health. Regarding self-assessed abnormal oral symptoms, 25.8 percent considered themselves to have an abnormal symptom related to temporomandibular joint, and approximately 30 percent thought there was something wrong with their gums. 3. As for toothbrushing habits, the number of the girls who brushed their teeth after lunch was statistically significantly far larger than that of the boys who did. There were some differences between the boys and girls in toothbrushing method and in which part of the oral cavity they brushed. 4. In regard to oral health knowledge, the girls(a mean of 7.05) significantly excelled the boys(6.36). Those who were more oral health conscious got significantly better scores in oral health knowledge. 5. In terms of dental-clinic visit experiences, the students who had ever visited a dental clinic took in less sugar and got a more frequent regular dental checkup(2.62, 2.50) than the others who hadn't(2.32, 1.74).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.281-302
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• 2009

The successful treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate, empirical antimicrobial therapy. The etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pneumonia pathogens can differ by country. Therefore, the ideal treatment guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia for immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by a progressive loss of cartilage. And, increased oxidative stress plays a relevant role in the pathogenesis of OA. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a used drug for liver diseases known for its free radical-scavenging property. The objectives of this study were to investigate the in vivo effects of UDCA on pain severity and cartilage degeneration using an experimental OA model and to explore its mode of actions. OA was induced in rats by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) to the knee. Oral administration UDCA was initiated on the day of MIA injection. Limb nociception was assessed by measuring the paw withdrawal latency and threshold. Samples were analyzed macroscopically and histologically. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, nitrotyrosine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in knee joints. UDCA showed an antinociceptive property and attenuated cartilage degeneration. OA rats given oral UDCA significantly exhibited a decreased number of osteoclasts in subchondral bone legion compared with the vehicle-treated OA group. UDCA reduced the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, nitrotyrosine and iNOS in articular cartilage. UDCA treatment significantly attenuated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), -13, and ADAMTS5 in IL-$1{\beta}$-stimulated human OA chondrocytes. These results show the inhibitory effects of UDCA on pain production and cartilage degeneration in experimentally induced OA. The chondroprotective properties of UDCA were achieved by suppressing oxidative damage and inhibiting catabolic factors that are implicated in the pathogenesis of cartilage damage in OA.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

The first dental visit is recommended at the time of the eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age. However, even before the age of 1, children can visit the dental hospital for various reasons. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reasons for the dental visit of infant. From January 2006 to December 2015, medical records of infants who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Kyung Hee University were analyzed. The total number of patients was 419 (238 males and 181 females). The reasons for the dental visits were trauma (47.5%), natal/neonatal tooth (19.8%), dental caries (8.1%), teething problem (4.3%), abnormal frenum (3.6%), soft tissue swelling (3.6%), Bohn's nodule (3.3%), cleft lip and palate (2.9%), gingival neoplasm (1.9%), tongue ulceration (1.7%), oral examination (1.4%), enamel hypoplasia (1.2%) and abnormal temporomandibular joint sound (0.7%). According to this study, there were various oral diseases that could occur in infants. Since infants are usually cared by caregivers, pediatricians, and obstetricians, education of oral diseases of infants is needed to manage the oral symptoms properly.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2000

In the case of osteosarcoma, secondary acute myeloid leukemia which occurs as the consequences of the complication of chemotherapy, is rare. We are reporting the case that we have recently experienced in the laboratory. A case of secondary acute myeloid leukemia have been occurred to among 77 patients who have been diagnosed as osteosarcoma and received chemotherapy from 1995 to 1999. This case was compared with the cases of other reports for the analysis of its cause and results. A 17-year-old man was diagnosed as a osteosarcoma in the distal part of femur, and recieved chemotherapy. Within 28months, the hematological analysis of the case indicated the severe increase in the number of the white cell (over 200,000) and the profound decrease in the number of platelets. A test of bone marrow needle aspiration and peripheral blood smear showed a tremendous increase in the number of the monocytoid immature cell, which mostly are blasts and promonocytes. Due to this clinical results, the case was diagnosed as the secondary acute myeloid leukemia after the chemotherapy. The frequency of occurrence of secondary acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy is quite phenomenal. But the disease could be fatal leading to a high rate of morbidity and mortality without early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, an enough recognition of the possibility of its development, the periodical observation and inspection after chemotherapy and an immediate treatment in the case of occurrence are essential.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2000

Tumoral calcinosis is a disease of unclear etiology which presents with periarticular and intramuscular calcification without the disorder of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The incidence is very rare but the rate is higher among the blacks than whites. There has been no report on the recurrent occurrence on the asian race. We report a case that recurred several times with tumoral calcinosis of both knee and thigh. A 21-year-old woman visited to our department with masses in both right thigh and knee. She had a history of local excisions and biopsies(4 times at other hospital) and showed prompt recurrences. The complete marginal excision was performed for the treatment. The histological examination showed the findings that are compatible with tumoral calcinosis. There has been a free of recurrence over the past two years.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2000

We experienced the case of familiar hypercholesterolemia with multiple xanthomas which was treated by combined surgical and medical therapy. He was 26-year-old male patient of familiar hypercholesterolemia with multiple xanthomas in 22 sites on whole body, and was treated by 17 surgical excisions of the xanthomas and by medical therapy of the hypercholesterolemia. There was a normal healing process of the surgical wounds. Continual postoperative medical therapy of the hypercholesterolemia was done. There was no recurrence of the symptoms during more than 13 months of follow-up. But the serum level of the cholesterol was not lowered significantly, so we are treating him with drug therapy. Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by a specific disorder of lipid metabolism, and is characterized by increased LDL cholesterol, tendon xanthomas, coronary disease associated with autosomal dominant transmission. Xanthomas usually appear in the second decade of life with familiar hypercholesterolemia which may have high risk for premature coronary atherosclerosis, which might be prevented with early diagnosis and medical treatment. So, orthopedic surgeons do not only excise the xanthomatosis surgically but also can diagnose the underlying hypercholesterolemia.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 1999

Osteosarcoma in patients older than 40 years are rare, however they have different clinical, radiological and pathological features from those of younger patients. Sometimes accurate histologic diagnosis is not easy, which is important in determining the correct surgical treatment and appropriate chemotherapy. Since January 1995, 11 patients with osteosarcoma occurring in patients older than 40 years have been diagnosed, treated and followed up for more than 6 months. In contrast to osteosarcoma in children and adolescents, only 4 cases(36.4%) were conventional types, while the others included 2 malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like types, 2 small cell types, 2 periosteal osteosarcomas and 1 giant cell-rich type. Seven cases showed purely osteolytic or predominantly osteolytic bony lesions and 8 were in Enneking stage IIB. Performed surgical treatments included 2 amputations, 6 wide resections and reconstructions, and one curettage and autogenous bone graft. In the remaining 2 cases, definitive surgical treatments included not carried out because of old age, multifocal involvement or poor medical tolerance. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies were performed in 9 of 11 patients. At last follow-up, there were 6 continuously disease-free survivals, 3 alive with diseases and 2 died of diseases. The overall cumulative 4-year survival rate calculated using Kaplan-Meier's productlimit method was 59.3%. For improved oncologic outcomes and survivals, early and accurate diagnosis, surgical treatment with adequate margin and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy will be necessary.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2000

Purpose : Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) is a rare tumor of the skin with a strong tendency of infiltration to surrounding tissues. Inadequate surgical intervention brings about frequent recurrence and poor prognosis. We attempted to find a guideline for adequate treatment for DFSP. Materials and Methods : Fourteen cases who had been treated in our department since Mar. 1993 and followed up for more than 12 months postoperatively were reviewed. Including nine cases who were transferred from other hospital after recurrence, thirteen cases underwent wide resection. One case was treated by intralesional resection followed by chemotherapy (CYVADIC) due to neurovascular abutment to the mass in the inguinal area. Results : The nine cases who were transferred due to recurrences experienced recurrence in average 1.3(1-2) times and the average period until first local recurrence from primary operation was 11.8(2-24) months. The thirteen cases with wide surgical margin showed no recurrence at the final follow up. One case treated by intralesional resection and chemotherapy showed multiple recurrence and died of the disease due to lung metastasis. Conclusions : From these data, we could find that primary wide resection can be the way of reducing recurrence and metastasis, and the follow up period for the detection of recurrence should be at least two years.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the long term results of surgical treatment for sacral chordoma. Material and Method: We reviewed the records of 4 patients with sacral tumor treated surgical resection. Mean follow-up duration was 8.3 year(3~11). All cases were performed complete resection of tumor mass through posterior approach in 3 cases and anterior-posterior approach in one. The most caudad nerve-roots spared were the second sacral roots in one and the third sacral roots in 3 cases. Functions of voiding and defecation including neurological symptoms of lower extremities, other complications of surgical treatment, and local recurrence or distant metastasis of tumor were evaluated. Result: There was no motor deficit in all cases, but radiating pain was developed in one and wound infection in one. Bladder function was preserved in 2 cases, intermittent incontinence in one, and doing intermittent catheterization in one. Bowel function was preserved in one and 2 cases were suffered from constipation. At the last follow-up, disease-free was in one, local recurrence in one, and local recurrence with distant metastasis in one. Conclusion: The result of surgical resection for sacral chordoma is satisfactory showing average 8 years survival. Early detection and aggressive surgical treatment is the best to prolong survival and to minimize functional deficit with preservation of upper sacral nerves.