• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, investigations and management, and prognosis of patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 212 HSP patients under the age of 18 years who were admitted to Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital between 2004 and 2015. Results: The mean age of the HSP patients was 6.93 years, and the ratio of boys to girls was 1.23:1. HSP occurred most frequently in the winter (33.0%) and least frequently in the summer (11.3%). Palpable purpura spots were found in 208 patients (98.1%), and gastrointestinal (GI) and joint symptoms were observed in 159 (75.0%) and 148 (69.8%) patients, respectively. There were 57 patients (26.9%) with renal involvement and 10 patients (4.7%) with nephrotic syndrome. The incidence of renal involvement and nephrotic syndrome was significantly higher in patients with severe GI symptoms and in those over 7 years old. The majority of patients (88.7%) were treated with steroids. There was no significant difference in the incidence of renal involvement or nephrotic syndrome among patients receiving different doses of steroids. Conclusion: In this study, the epidemiologic features of HSP in children were similar to those described in previous studies, but GI and joint symptoms manifested more frequently. It is essential to carefully monitor renal involvement and progression to chronic renal disease in patients ${\geq}7$ years old and in patients affected by severe GI symptoms. It can be assumed that there is no direct association between early doses of steroids and prognosis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparison analysis on requirements of online continuing education requirements according to practical experience of nurses at small and medium-sized hospitals. Methods: Data had been collected with 236 nurses from May to June, 2015. The data were analyzed with the use of SPSS. Results: Among them, 45.8% participated in online continuing education. Nurses in beginning level required musculoskeletal diseases (20.9%), care for injuries and stomas (5.8%), and surgical disease and operation care (4.7%). Competent nurses required musculoskeletal diseases (19.7%), cerebrovascular diseases (9.9%), emergency care and CPR (8.5%), and medical nursing (8.5%). Skillful nurses required cerebrovascular diseases (13.9%), care for internal diseases (8.9%), and rehabilitation care (8.9%). Among the educational contents of diseases, the items that were significantly different according to practical experience were operation management ($x^2$=23.92, p<.001) and drug care ($x^2$=7.85, p=.020). Among continuing education methods, the items that were significantly different were video ($x^2$=16.81, p<.001), webtoon ($x^2$=8.96, p=.011), and test ($x^2$=10.56, p=.005). Among continuing education evaluation methods, the items that were significantly different were multiple-choices ($x^2$=9.43, p=.009) and OX ($x^2$=6.47, p=.039) based quizzes. Conclusion: Based on the study results, it is necessary to develop a differentiated continuing education program according to practical experience of nurses.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2010

In chronic ambulatory hemiplegic patients, structural changes might be developed at both ankles possibly due to unequal and repetitive weight bearing on tendons and ligaments. We examined ankles by sonography to find out structural changes of tendons and ligaments of both ankles in ambulatory hemiplegic patients. Nineteen ambulatory hemiplegic patients over 1 year were included as study subjects. All subjects had no previous trauma or disease history in their ankle joints and they were able to walk independently or with supervision but had spastic ankles with equinovarus tendency. We examined both ankle joints by sonography to see joint effusion and measure width, thickness, and area of tendons of the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, and Achilles, and also ligaments of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular. We compared sonographic features of the hemi-side ankle with the sound-side ankle. There were no significant differences between hemi-side and sound-side ankles in almost all measured parameters of tendons and ligaments. However, the width of the hemi-side tibialis posterior tendon ($7.24{\pm}1.52$ mm) was narrower than the sound-side tendon ($8.61{\pm}1.37$ mm). With the amount of active joint motion and weight bearing possibly preventing ligament and tendon atrophy even though marked weakness, spasticity occurred during the chronic hemiplegic phase.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 1993

Tempormandibular Joint pain and dysfunction is a common and important clinical problem. With the recent advances in imaging technology, radiologists have made major contribution to the understanding of TMJ disease. The MRI has several advantages over the conventional imaging methods. It is possible to obtain surprisingly precise images of internal hard and soft tissues with MRI. It is not invasive without ionizing radiation. The abnormal disk position has been thought as the cause of TMJ internal derangement. But there are few methods to relate disk position to TMJ internal derangement quantatively. The object of our study is to determine the amount of anterior displacement fo articular disk in symptomatic patients related each symptoms. Using the method of Dr. Drace, we studied the 38 joints of 22 persons with susceptable TMJ internal derangement. 1. In determining the anterior displacement of TMJ articular disk, the junction between the posterior band and bilaminar zone was useful. 2. The mean anterior displacement of disk in reduction group and without reduction group were $51.0^{\circ}C$ and $81.1^{\circ}C$ respectively. The difference was significant. 3. In the mean anterior displacement of disk, the pain without clicking group showed $84.8^{\circ}C$ and the clicking and pain group $70.8^{\circ}C$, the clicking group respectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

Purpose. Tai Chi exercise, an ancient Chinese martial art, has drawn more and more attention for its health benefits. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a Sun-style Tai Chi exercise on arthritic symptoms (joint pain and stiffness), motivation for performing health behaviors, and the performance of health behaviors among older women with osteoarthritis. Methods. Total of 72 women with the mean age of 63 years old were recruited from outpatients clinic or public health centers according to the inclusion criteria and assigned randomly to either the Tai Chi exercise group or the control. A Sun-style Tai Chi exercise has been provided three times a week for the first two weeks, and then once a week for another 10 weeks. In 12 weeks of study period, 22 subjects in the Tai Chi exercise group and 21 subjects in the control group completed the posttest measure with the dropout rate of 41 %. Outcome variables included arthritic symptoms measured by K-WOMAC, motivation for health behavior, and health behaviors. Results. At the completion of the 12 week Tai Chi exercise, the Tai Chi group perceived significantly less joint pain (t = -2.19, P = 0.03) and stiffness (t = -2.24, P = 0.03), perceived more health benefits (t = 2.67, P = 0.01), and performed better health behaviors (t = 2.35, P = 0.02), specifically for diet behavior (t = 2.06, P = 0.04) and stress management (t = 2.97, P = 0.005). Conclusion. A Sun-style Tai Chi exercise was found as beneficial for women with osteoarthritis to reduce their perceived arthritic symptoms, improve their perception of health benefits to perform better health behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and its association with chronic pain. Purified Bee venom (PBV) has been traditionally used to the treatment for inflammatory diseases. The purpose of the current study is to examine whether PBV regulates the pro-inflammation against a mouse model of knee OA induced by papain. We studied the effect of PBV on papain-induced OA in the knee joints of mice. Mice were split into following groups: normal control, papain induced OA, OA treated with PBV, OA treated with meloxicam as positive control. Proteoglycan deposition was analyzed by safranin O-fast green staining and H&E staining. Papain injection significantly degraded the proteoglycan in OA mice at 42 days. Cartilage proteoglycan density was significantly higher in PBV treated OA group than those of the positive control groups. These results demonstrate that PBV efficiently suppresses pathological processes in an OA model. Thus, PBV could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.120-123
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• 2006

Spontaneous extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture is commonly caused by attrition of the tendon from trauma or inflammatory processes. We experienced a patient with extensor pollicis longus tendon rupture after steroid injection, in which the rupture may have been caused by the effects of steroid itself as well as direct damage from the needle. A 51-year-old woman complained of inability to extend her right thumb at the first metacarpophalangal & interphalangeal joint level. The patient had a history of local steroid injection into the dorsal & radial side of wrist on two occations, and had no history of trauma or rheumatologic disease. After a physical examination of the patient, we decided to explore the wrist. The patient agreed with operation. Intraoperatively, an incision was made into the wrist and the proximal and distal ends of the ruptured extensor pollicis longus tendon were identified. The defect between the proximal and the distal end was measured to approach 8cm, and a palmaris longus tendon graft was performed. After three months of rehabilitation, the first metacarpophalangal & interphalangeal joint recovered the normal range of motion. Steroid injection has been widely used in various musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, inadvertent steroid injection into the extra or intra articular spaces may lead to tendon rupture. Steroids reduce tensile strength by decreasing tenocyte activity and collagen synthesis. Also, the physical effect of direct needle-stick injury into the mesotenon and blood vessels around the tendon may cause damage. In addition, hematoma and edema may increase pressure around the tendon and compromise blood supply, leading to tendon degeneration and subsequent rupture. When injecting steroid into an articular area, all physicians should have a complete understanding of the surrounding anatomy and always keep in mind the hazards of such procedures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2012

The mare had lameness and asymmetry edematous on its tarsal and metatarsal joints at the initial physical examination. The pain was elicited with a palpation along the metatarsal articulations. No significant abnormalities were detected in the screening test. However, thermographic images revealed a significant increase in the surface temperature at the joint of the hindlimb when compared to the reference range. At necropsy, an irregularity of the surface and excessive synovial fluid were observed on the right tarsal joint. No bacterial growth was shown in the cultures of synovial fluid. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the subcutaneous discharge. Taken together, the thermography images were very useful in localizing the area of injury and were an effective diagnostic methodology for assessing lameness.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 1995

The purposes of this study are to identify effectiveness of the hospital-based home care project, to manage patients' problems in comprehensive way, to decrease the patients' economical burden to the arthritis patients. The design is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with matched samples in terms of age, sex and disease severity. Fifty two patients were assigned in each of the experimental and control groups in Seoul, Kyunggi, Kangwon and Kwangju. Before the experiment and after 3-month period of experiment of home care, level of pain, duration of morning stiffness, Richie Index, ADL, self-efficacy and depression were measured. Nine patients were excluded from the control group because of denial of participation. Contents of home care provided to the experimental group include distribution of prescribed drugs, assessment of patient's condition and side-reactions of drug, pain control, depression control, nutrition guide, exercise teaching, and family counselling. Patients assigned to the control group visited the outpatient clinic once a month as usual. Null hypotheses were selected because physicians concerned about the ineffective change of patients' conditions due to indirect communication with patients through nurses. Level of pain, Richie Index, ADL, self-efficacy, depression and duration of morning stiffness did not significantly different between two groups as expected. In the experimental group, level of pain, ADL, Richie Index and duration of morning stiffness changed to the positive direction from the pretest to the posttest. However, level of depression and self-efficacy did not show any changes. Ninety percent of patients in the experimental group satisfied with the home care provided to them. Since this is the intermediate report, more detailed and long-term report will be prepared.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2003

Due to the development in computer mediated communication, there are many homepages on the web, which provide medical on health counseling and education. The internet is becoming increasingly important and essential in medicine. But little was known about what problems can be counseled and what difficulties are met during the computer mediated counseling. This study was performed to investigate the content and purpose of health counseling on the web. The data were collected from March 1st, 2002 to February 28th, 2003, from 199 questioners visited one rheumatic center homepage questionary/answering(Q/A) site. Most of the questioners consulted health problems of their own or their families. The 51.3% of them were diagnosed medically Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent disease and followed systemic lupus erythematosus, gout and ankylosing spondylitis. Most of the questioners needed to know treatment principles, diagnosing process, and information regarding the clinic. During the one-year period, the average number of users questioning was 29.4 cases and answering was 44.8 cases. Above findings suggest that computer mediated health counseling of rheumatic patients may be useful supplement of health education for them. Communication using internet has become popular, but this kind of approach needs a proper guideline. It is highly recommended that nurses be familiar with the e-health and e-medicine.