• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.738-745
• /
• 2001

In this paper, when the moving object move to the three-dimentional space, the tracking system track the moving object using the fuzzy reasoning. The joint angle el of the manipulator rotate from $0^{\circ}\; to\; 360^{\circ}$ , and the joint angle $\theta_2$rotate from$0^{\circ}\; to\; 360^{\circ}$. The fuzzy singleton is used for fuzzification and the control rule is twenty five and the fuzzy inference method is simplified Mamdani's reasoning and the defuzzification is the SCOG(Simplified Center Of Gravity) of the fuzzy controller To measure of the performance of the designed system, the fuzzy controller is compared with the CTM(Computed Torque Method) controller at the same condition. when the disturbance torque is ON, the both of CTM and fuzzy controller tracked object without error, However, the disturbance torque changed 0.4N, the CTM controller is 10 times greater than fuzzy controller at the sum of absolute error difference. The designed system is showed it's robustness against with disturbance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.1017-1026
• /
• 2012

In this study, an exoskeleton-type robot is developed to assist frozen shoulder rehabilitation in a systematic and efficient manner for humans. The developed robot has two main features. The first is a structural feature: this robot was designed to rehabilitate both shoulders of a patient, and the three axes of the shoulder meet at one point to generate human-like ball joint motions. The second is a functional feature that is divided into two rehabilitation modes: the first mode is a joint rehabilitation mode that helps to recover the shoulder's original range of motion by moving the patient's shoulder according to patterns obtained by motion capture, and the second mode is a muscle rehabilitation mode that strengthens the shoulder muscles by suitably resisting the patient's motion. Through these two modes, frozen shoulder rehabilitation can be performed systematically according to the patient's condition. The development procedure is described in detail.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2019

Background : Germany is the first country in the world to introduce modern systems of public health insurance, and the country which most widely uses complementary alternative medicine(CAM) in Europe. In early 21^st century, a large evaluation studies were conducted to include acupuncture in health insurance payments, which were eventually decided. Objectives : This study is to investigate and analyze the process of public policy determination on insurance coverage for acupuncture in German health insurance system. Methods : We collected the data and information through the literature search and from the websites of German government departments and health insurance organizations. To obtain contextual information, German experts of health insurance and acupuncture clinical study were interviewed. Results : As use of acupuncture had been growing, German public health insurers wanted to evaluate the validity of acupuncture coverage and sponsored three evaluation projects for clinical effectiveness of acupuncture using randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pragmatic trials from 2001 to 2005. For some pain condition, acupuncture was founded not to be effective than sham acupuncture, but more effective than standard care. The federal joint committee of health insurance decided to cover acupuncture for chronic pain of lumbar spine and chronic pain in at least one knee joint due to gonarthrosis. Conclusions : Considering the controversial subject matter in the process of acupuncture's health insurance coverage in Germany, expanding the benefits of Korean medicine in Korea needs to come up with ways to overcome the difficulties of placebo effect, standardization and lack of literature evidence.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.4-22
• /
• 1996

Purposes of this study were to identify a hospital-based home care model and to improve the physical, emotional and economical effectiveness of arthritic patients through medical and nursing team approach. The design in nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design with matched samples in terms of age, sex and disease severity. Fifty two patients in each group were assigned in Seoul, Kyunggi, Kangwon and Kwangju. Before and after 6-month period of home care, level of pain, duration of morning stiffness, Richie Index, ADL, self efficacy, depression, cost expenditure were measured. Nine patients were excluded from the control group in the period of study because of denial of participation. Contents of home care provided to the experimental group include mainly distribution of prescribed drugs, 'assessment of patients' condition and side-reactions of drug. All of the information related to the home care patient were reported to the physician. On the bases of these data, the physician prescribe the specific drugs to each patient. Each patient visited the physician every 2 or 3 month for laboratory test. Patients assigned to the control group visited the outpatient clinic once a month as usual. Null hypotheses were selected because physicians concerned about the ineffective change of patients' conditions due to indirect communication with patients through nurses. Level of pain, Richie index, ADL, self-efficacy, depression, duration of morning stiffness and direct medical cost were the home care provided to them. If a family member accompany in a home care group can save 10,676 Won/month in Seoul, 34,000 Won/month in other districts. Other in-direct cost for transportation and meal can also be saved. In conclusion, those patients with low level of ADL, high level of pain and Richie index, living in the remote area definitely need the home care.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.47 no.8
• /
• pp.500-507
• /
• 2009

Pb-free solder has recently been used in electronics in efforts to meet environmental regulations, and a number of Pb-free solder alloy choices beyond the near-eutectic SnAgCu solder are now available. With increased demand for thin and portable electronics, the high cost of alloys containing significant amounts of silver and their poor mechanical shock performance have spurred the development of low Ag SnAgCu solder, which provides improved mechanical performance at a reasonable cost. Although low Ag SnAgCu solder exhibits significantly higher fracture resistance under high-strain rates, little thermal fatigue data exist for this solder. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate thermal fatigue reliability of low Ag SnAgCu solder under variation of thermal stress in order to allow its implementation in electronic products with high reliability requirements. In this study, the reliability of Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu(SAC0307), a low Ag solder alloy, is discussed and compared with that of Sn3Ag0.5Cu(SAC305). Three sample types and six samples size are evaluated. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the solder joint are investigated under thermal shock cycles. It was observed that the mechanical strength of SAC0307 dropped slightly with thermal cycling relative to that of SAC305. This reveals that the failure mode of SAC0307 is different from that SAC305 under this critical condition.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.797-804
• /
• 2019

The two Koreas agreed to pursue rail and road connections on September 19, 2018 in the Pyongyang Joint Declaration. In December 2018, they launched a joint investigation for the North Korean railway modernization project. The survey confirmed that the track condition is seriously aging so that it is impossible to operate, and the railway network is well connected to major cities. Therefore, it was reasonable to modernize the aging track of the existing railway network rather than construct a new railway network. This paper proposed the railway communication policy for the improvement of railway lines and the construction of the railway wireless network by analyzing the status of roadbeds and tracks in order to enhance interoperability for the inter-Korean railway connection and safety for preventing the railway accidents.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2021

In this paper, the characteristics of fracture in mode I loading were analyzed for adhesively bonded joints with non-uniform adhesion. The Double Cantilever Beam test was performed and mode I fracture toughness was obtained. In the case of non-uniform adhesively bonded joints, the stable crack growth sections and unstable crack growth section were shown. The fracture characteristics of each section were observed through the load-displacement curve of the DCB test and the fracture surface of the specimen. Finite Element Analysis was performed at the section based on segmented section by crack length measured through the test and using the mode I fracture toughness of each section. Through DCB test results and finite element analysis results, it was confirmed that the fracture behavior of specimens with non-uniform adhesion can be simulated.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 2018

Human beings have made remarkable advances in medical technology as well as technological advances. However, as was the case in the past, incurable diseases still exist: temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ). The diagnosis of the Korean medical staff, currently called a "medical advance," is adhering to the outdated patient's comments, diagnosis using a doctor's auditory diagnosis and a ruler, and diagnosis of X-ray imaging. Therefore, it is important to have accurate patient symptoms, to have a doctor's own diagnosis and experience, to increase the number of diagnoses due to the severity of the symptoms, and to cover the costs of medical care. To solve this problem, the core conductive signal generated from the bridge was quantified through %MVC. Quantified EMG will be assessed and compared with Cortex to establish a jaw joint condition evaluation criterion.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2020

This study measured the downward stepping movement relative to weight change (no load, and 10%, 20%, 30% of body weight respectively of adult male (n=10) from standardized stair (rise of 0.3 m, tread of 0.29 m, width of 1 m). The 3-dimensional cinematography and ground reaction force were also utilized for analysis of leg stiffness: Peak vertical force, change in stance phase leg length, Torque of whole body, kinematic variables. The strategy heightened the leg stiffness and standardized vertical ground reaction force relative to the added weights (p<.01). Torque showed rather larger rotational force in case of no load, but less in 10% of body weight (p<.05). Similarly angle of hip joint showed most extended in no-load, but most flexed in 10% of body weight (p<.05). Inclined angle of body trunk showed largest range in posterior direction in no-load, but in vertical line nearly relative to added weights (p<.001). Thus the result of the study proved that downward stepping strategy altered from height of 30 cm, regardless of added weight, did not affect velocity and length of lower leg. But added weight contributed to more vertical impulse force and increase of rigidity of whole body than forward rotational torque under condition of altered stepping strategy. In future study, the experimental on effect of weight change and alteration of downward stepping strategy using ankle joint may provide helpful information for development of enhanced program of prevention and rehabilitation on motor performance and injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.194-204
• /
• 2021

The research was analyzed the catch data of the five years (2016-2020) for six joint venture company tuna purse seiners in the Atlantic Ocean, with the aim of suggesting improvement measures for responsible and sustainable fishing according to changes of recommendation by International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) on the tropical tunas. In the last five years, the average catch of six tuna purse seiner gradually increased to 7,745 tons, 8,364 tons and 9,053 tons from 2016 to 2018, but decreased to 7,761 tons in 2019 and 6,214 tons in 2020. The reason for the decrease in fishing volume in 2019 and 2020 was the fluctuation of the formation of the cold water zone (22-23℃), and the total ICCAT convention area of FAD closure in January and February due to the expansion of the FAD closure area and poor free school catching during two months period, respectively. The analysis on fishing area showed that the percentage of fishing in the high sea was about 85% although the FAD closure area included the EEZ zone in coastal countries; the rise of the fishing license in coastal countries is also believed to be a factor. In order to overcome such situations and improve catching volume, it will be possible if excellent manpower is secured, school fishing is expanded, and the production of high value-added catch (purse seine special: PS).