• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.1036-1042
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• 2020

Fast-Neutron Multiplicity Counter based on Liquid Scintillator Detector can directly measure the fast neutron multiplicity emitted by UO₂ rod. HPGe gamma spectrometer; which has superior energy resolution; is routinely used for the gamma energy spectrum measurement. Combing Fast-Neutron Multiplicity Counter and HPGe γ-spectrometer, the n/γ joint measurement system is developed. The fast neutron multiplicity and gamma energy spectrum of UO₂ rod assemblies under different conditions are measured by the n/γ joint measurement system. The induced fission rate and the ²³⁵U abundance, thereby the ²³⁵U mass; can be obtained for UO₂ rod assemblies. The ²³⁵U mass deviation of the measured value from the reference value is less than 5%. The results show that the n/γ joint measurement system is effective and applicable in the measurement of the ²³⁵U mass in samples.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2023

It is well known that polycrystalline ceramics fabricated via the templated grain growth method along a desired crystallographic direction, generally along [001], exhibits enhanced piezoelectric response. Generally, the piezoelectric properties of textured ceramics depend on the degree of texture, as piezoelectric properties peak in single crystals. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the degree of texture and piezoelectric properties is fundamental. Here, we present state-of-the-art textured piezoceramics by focusing on critical issues such as the quality of templates used for texturing and proper evaluation of the degree of texture analysis. The relationship between the degree of texture and its impact on the properties of textured materials is exclusively defined by the Lotgering factor (L.F.) calculated from the X-ray diffraction profiles. Additionally, we show that L.F. is not a suitable indicator of the degree of texture, contrary to previous interpretations. This statement was further supported by the fact that the true degree of texture can be better quantified by the multiples of random distribution. This argument was justified by comparing the quantitative values of the degree of texture obtained from both methods to those of the piezoelectric charge coefficient of textured and random ceramics.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2002

After high power lasers are avaliable in the commercial market, the number of applications of the laser welding has been increased in manufacturing industries. Although the tailored blank laser welding of butt jointed steel sheets is well known recently in the automotive industries, the lap joint laser welding is a new technology to the automotive manufacturing people as well as the design people. But the deep penetration laser welding seems to be preferred to the partial penetration welding for the lap joint welding in the automotive manufacturers because the partial penetration is a serious deflect for the butt joint. In this study, the feasibility of partial penetration welding fur the lap joint $CO_2$ laser welding was studied fur the 1mm thick 390MPa high strength steel sheets for automotive bodies. The process window of the lap joint partial penetration welding was obtained from experiments with the gap size and the welding speed as process parameters. The partial penetration welding was found excellent on the basis of the tensile shear strength and sectional geometry. The bead width, input energy Per volume, tensile-shear strength, deformation energy and the sectional geometries after tensile-shear tests of partial penetration welded specimens are compared with those of full penetration welded specimens with a series of gaps and welding speeds.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

Gaskets are usually used for the sealing of flange joints. The joint is usually composed of two flanges, a ring gasket and clamping bolts. The metal ring gasket is suitable for pipe flanges, pumps and valve joints in high temperature and high pressure environments. A very high surface stress is developed between a ring type joint gasket and the flange groove when the ring type joint is bolted up in a flange. The dimensions of flanges and ring joint gaskets for the pipe sizes that are in common use are specified in the ANSI codes. However, sometimes it is necessary to make a new design for the flange joint which is not specified in the codes, as the equipment is getting larger and larger in size. This paper presents the contact behavior of Class 600 ring joint gaskets with oval and octagonal cross sections. Five different sizes of gaskets are employed in the analysis, and one of them is newly designed on the basis of analysis results obtained from existing models. Three load steps are used to find the stress, stain and contact pressure etc., and to compare the contact characteristics among the models due to the bolt clamping force and the working surface pressure. ANSYS Workbench version15 is used to conduct the finite element analysis.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.392-400
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• 2013

채굴적에 의한 지표에서의 지반침하발생 위치를 추정함에 있어, 절리군은 필수적으로 고려되어야하는 요소 중의 하나인 바, 각 절리군의 역학적 특성과 이들이 채굴적 상부 암반에 분포하는 양상은 지반침하발생을 가속시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 침하발생 범위의 추정에 관한 선행연구의 근거자료로 이용된 자료 중 절리군의 방향성에 대한 조사정보의 신뢰성이 비교적 양호한 자료들을 선별하여 절리군의 방향성을 중심으로 지반침하 발생위치와의 상관관계를 재검토하였으며, 추정각과 침하 지역에 분포하는 주절리군 $J_1$의 경사각을 비교하여 주절리군 $J_1$이 침하에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2017

본 연구는 절리의 빈도 및 길이분포가 절리암반의 수리지질학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 이차원 불연속절리망 (DFN; discrete fracture network) 유체유동 해석을 바탕으로 한 수치실험을 수행하였다. 두개의 절리군을 사용하여 절리의 빈도와 길이분포를 달리하며 추계론적으로 생성한 총 51개의 DFN 시스템에 대하여 $0^{\circ}$부터 매 $30^{\circ}$ 간격으로 총 12 방향으로 구현한 총 612개의 $20m{\times}20m$ DFN 블록에서 방향에 따른 블록수리전도도가 산정되었다. 또한, 각각의 DFN 시스템에서 이론적 블록수리전도도와 더불어 주 수리전도도텐서, 평균 블록수리전도도 등이 산정되었다. 절리군의 빈도의 증가 또는 길이의 평균 및 표준편차 증가에 따라 임의 방향으로의 블록수리전도도는 증가하며 DFN 시스템에 대한 등가연속체 취급 가능성이 높아지지만, 절리군 간의 빈도 차이가 커지면 블록수리전도도의 이방성 증대로 인하여 등가연속체 취급 가능성이 낮아질 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 두 절리군의 교차각이 작을수록 등가연속체 특성은 빈도 및 길이분포의 변화에 상대적으로 더욱 영향을 받는 것으로 평가되었다. 등가연속체로 취급하기 어려울 정도로 두 절리군의 교차각이 작아도 절리군의 빈도 또는 길이 분포가 증가하면 등가연속체 취급 가능성은 높아진다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2018

심부시추공 처분에서 정치기구와 처분용기 사이를 연결하는'J-slot joint'를 대체할 수 있는 새로운 접속장치를 개발하고자 하였다. 새로운 접속장치는 처분용기 쪽의 쐐기와 이를 체결할 수 있는 정치기구 쪽의 쐐기집으로 구성되었다. 새로운 접속 장치는 부품교체 없이도 체결과 분리가 자유롭고, Drill pipe 외에도 Wire-line이나 Coiled tubing 등의 정치기구와도 연결이 가능한 장점을 갖추었다. 새로운 접속장치의 실증을 위해, 1/3 크기로 새로운 접속장치(${\Phi}110mm$, H 148 mm), 처분용기 2단 행렬(${\Phi}140mm$, H 1,105 mm), 그리고 모의 시험공(${\Phi}150mm$, H 1,500 mm)을 설계 및 제작하였다. 새로운 접속장치의 실증시험용 머드로는 Na형 벤토나이트(MX-80)와 Ca형 벤토나이트(GJ-II)를 고형분 함량 7wt% 및 29wt%로 각각 제조하여 사용하였다. 실증시험 결과, 새로운 접속장치는 벤토나이트 머드와 순수 조건에 대해 $10m{\cdot}min^{-1}$ 속도에서 무리없이 작동하였다. 결론적으로, 심부시추공 처분을 위한 새로운 처분용기 접속장치는 정치와 회수를 위한 접속장치로 향후 유용하게 활용될 수 있다고 보았다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2006

This paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant gait for Quadruped robots using energy stability margins. The previously developed fault-tolerant gaits for quadruped robots have a drawback of having marginal stability margin, which may lead to tumbling. In the process of tumbling, the potential energy of the center of gravity goes through a maximum. The larger the difference between the potential energy of the center of gravity of the initial position and that of this maximum, the less the robot tumbles. Hence this difference of potential energy, dubbed as Energy Stability Margin (ESM), can be regarded as the stability margin. In this paper, a novel fault-tolerant gait is presented which gives positive ESM to a quadruped robot suffering from a locked joint failure. Positive ESM is obtained by adjusting foot positions between leg swing sequences. The advantage of the proposed fault-tolerant gait is demonstrated in a case study where a quadruped robot with a failed leg walks on a even slope.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.215-219
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• 2003

In this paper, we generate a trajectory minimized the energy gait of a biped robot for walking a staircase using genetic algorithms and apply to the computed torque controller for the stable dynamic biped locomotion. In the saggital plane, a 6 degree of freedom biped robot that model consists of seven links is used. In order to minimize the total energy efficiency, the Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) is used. Operators of genetic algorithms are composed of a reproduction, crossover and mutation. In order to approximate the walking gait, the each joint angle is defined as a 4-th order polynomial of which coefficients are chromosomes. Constraints are divided into equality and inequality. Firstly, equality constraints consist of position conditions at the end of stride period and each joint angle and angular velocity condition for periodic walking. On the other hand, inequality constraints include the knee joint conditions, the zero moment point conditions for the x-direction and the tip conditions of swing leg during the period of a stride for walking a staircase.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic characteristics on the limbs at 3 different walking speed during the energy and the normal walking. Eight subjects performed energy walking and normal walking at the slow speed(65 beats/min), the normal speed(115beats/min), the fast speed(160 beats/min). The 3-d angle was calculated by vector projected with least squares solution with three-dimensional cinematography(Motion Analysis corporation). The range of motion was calculated on the trunk, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee joint. The results showed that stride length was no difference of the two walking pattern. The duration of support phase was also no difference of the two walking pattern. The range of motion of shoulder joint significantly increased in the sagittal and frontal planes, and the range of motion of elbow joint significantly increased as the energy walking. The range of motion of hip joint had no significant difference in the any planes in changing of walking speed. But the most remarkable difference of the two walking patterns revealed at the trunk. The range of flexion/extension angle had significant increasing $2.36^{\circ}$ at normal speed, and the range of the right/left flexion angle had significant increasing below $4^{\circ}$ at the 3 walking speed, and The range of rotation angle had significant increasing $7.35^{\circ}$, $9.22^{\circ}$, respectively at the normal and slow speed. But there was no significant difference of range of motion at the hip and knee joints between energy walking and normal walking.