• 사회경제평론
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.165-201
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• 2018

프리드리히 니체와 앨프레드 화이트헤드에 따르면, 근대 서양의 존재론이 범한 치명적인 오류는 현실의 구조가 언어의 구조와 같다고 착각하는 데 있다. 언어는 주어-술어 구조를 띠고 있는데, 현실도 이 구조를 띠고 있다고 착각해서, 허구적인 언어적 주어를 현실적으로 존재하고 있는 주체로 잘못 설정하고 있다. 이 허구적인 주체 개념이 바로 인격 개념이다. 본 논문은 이러한 허구적인 인격 개념이 어떻게 자본주의 금융이 발전하는 데 토대를 이루는지 분석할 것이다. 본 논문의 분석하는 역사적 시기와 장소는 17세기 후반 영국이다. 이 시기에 영국에서 근대적 형태의 은행업이 시작됐으며 동시에 근대적 주체 개념인 "인격" 개념이 존 로크 등에 의해 철학적으로 발전한다. 동시에 유한책임 주식회사와 국가 또한 독립적인 추상적 인격성이 추상적인격체로 독립성을 획득한다. 이 추상적 인격 개념은 사회적 관계를 "배타적 소유"와 "채권-채무" 관계로 환원하고, 이 환원이 근대 금융의 존재론적 바탕을 이룬다. 배타적 재산권은 행사하지만 책임을 져야 할 때는 채권으로 변모해 그 책임을 회피하는 제도가 바로 근대 금융의 본질이다. 그리고 영원하고 독립적인 인격성을 지니게 된 근대적 집단을 채무자로 전락시킴으로 근대 금융의 채권자들은 자신들의 특권을 크게 강화한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.10-25
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• 2019

본 연구는 서울시의 문화재 수리공사의 발주현황에 관한 연구로써 각 지자체 및 산하 기관에서 발주되는 문화재 공사를 중심으로 하였으며, 연구의 범위로는 공간적으로는 서울시를 대상으로 하였고, 시간적 범위로는 2015년 10월부터 2017년 9월까지 2년으로 하였다. 그리고 서울시의 문화재 현황, 그리고 문화재 수리 예산을 알아봄으로써 문화재 공사의 발주규모를 파악할 수 있었다. 2년간의 문화재 공사의 발주 실태를 조사하여 총 발주 건수, 발주 시기 및 각 공종별 발주규모를 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 기초자료를 가지고 세부내역을 분석함으로써 각 문화재 공종별 혼입 실태를 파악할 수 있었다. 문화재 공사의 혼입 실태를 파악한 결과, 하나의 문화재 공사는 타 공종의 혼입 없이 완전히 시공하는데 어려움이 있음을 알게 되었고, 이에 대응할 수 있는 문화재공사 도급 방식을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 문화재공사 발주 성향을 분석함으로써 적절한 발주 방식을 제안하였고, 이것으로 현장에 적절한 문화재수리기술자 배치를 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 특히 문화재 공사업에 있어서 조경은 문화재 경관을 책임지는 중요한 위치에 있으며, 이런 조경의 위상을 정립할 필요가 있음에도 불구하고, 문화재 공사업의 발주 실태와 조경공사의 위상을 밝힌 논문이 전혀 없으며, 이 논문은 그것에 대하여 서울시를 대상으로 실증적으로 밝혀, 조경공사의 오롯한 위상 정립을 위한 제안을 함과 동시에 각 문화재 수리분야의 업역 확보에도 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.131-153
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• 1984

Fishery resources are still abundant compared with other resources and the possibility of exploitation is probably great. The Korean fishery industry has grown remarkably since 1957, and Korea is ranked as one of the major fishery countries. Its of fishery products reached the 9th in the world and the value of exports was 5th in 1982. But recently a growth rate has slowed down, due to the enlargement of territorial seas by the declaration of the 200 mile, Exclusive Economic Zone, the tendency to develop fishery resources strate-gically in international bargaining, the change in function of the international organizations, the expansion of regulated waters, the illegal arrest of our fishing boats, the rapid rise in oil prices, and the fall in fish prices, the development of fishery resources as a symbol of nationalism, the fishing boats decreptitude, the rise of crew wages, regulations on fishing methods, fish species, fishing season, size of fish, and mesh size, fishing quotas and the demand of excessive fishing royalties. Besides the the obligation of coastal countries, employing crews of their host countries is also an example of the change in the international environment which causes the aggravation of foreign profit of fishing firms. To ameliorate the situation, our Korean fishery firms must prepare efficient plans and study systematically to internationalize themselves because such existing methods as conventional fishing entry and licence fishing entry are likely to be unable to cope with international environmental change. Thus, after the systematic analysis of the problem, some new combined alternatives might be proposed. These are some of the new schemes to support this plan showing the orientation of our national policy: 1. Most of the coastal states, to cope with rapid international environmental change and to survive in the new era of ocean order, have rationalized their higher governmental structure concerning the fishery industries. And the coastal countries which are the objectives of our expecting entry, demand excessive economic and technical aid, limit the number of fishing boats’entry and the use of our foreign fishing bases, and regulate the membership of the international fishery commissions. Especially, most of the coastal or island countries are recently independent states, which are poorer in national budget, depend largely on fishing royalties and licence entry fees as their main resources of national finance. 2. Alternatives to our entry to deep sea fishing, as internationalization strategies, are by direct foreign investment method. About 30 firms have already invested approximately US $ 8 million in 9 coastal countries. Areas of investment comprise the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Moroccan sea and five other sea areas. Trawling, tuna purse seining and five other fields are covered by the investment. Joint-venture is the most prominent method of this direct investment. If we consider the number of entry firms, the host countries, the number of seas available and the size of investment, this method of cooperation is perhaps insufficient so far. Our fishery firms suffer from a weakness in international competitive ability, an insufficiency of information, of short funds, incompetency in the market, the unfriendliness of host coastal countries, the incapability of partners in joint-ventures and the political instability of the host countries. To enlarge our foreign fishing grounds, we are to actively adopt the direct investment entry method and to diversity our collaboraboration with partner countries. Consequently, besides proper fishing, we might utilize forward integration strategies, including the processing fied. a. The enterprise emigration method is likely to be successful in Argentina. It includes the development of Argentinian fishing grounds which are still not exploited in spite of abundant resources. Besides, Arentina could also be developed as a base for the exploitation of the krill resources and for further entries into collaboration with other Latin American countries. b. The co-business contract fishing method works in American territorial seas where American fishermen sell their fishery products to our factory ships at sea. This method contributes greatly to obtaining more fishing quotas and in innovation bottom fishing operation. Therefore we may apply this method to other countres to diffuse our foreign fishing entry. c. The new fishing ground development method was begun in 1957 by tuna long-line experimental fishing in the Indian Ocean. It has five fields, trawling, skipjack pole fishing and shrimp trawling, and so on. Recently, Korean fisheries were successful in the development of the Antarctic Ocean krill and tuna purse seining. 3. The acceleration of the internationalization of deep sea fishing; a. Intense information exchange activities and commission participation are likely to be continues as our contributions to the international fishery organizations. We should try to enter international fishery commissions in which we are not so far participating. And we have to reform adequately to meet the changes of the function of the international commissions. With our partner countries, we ought to conclude bilateral fishery agreements, thus enlarging our collaboration. b. Our government should offer economic and technical aids to host countries to facilitate our firms’fishery entry and activities. c. To accelerate technical innovation, our fishery firms must invest greater amount in technical innovation, at the same time be more discriminatory in importing exogeneous fishery technologies. As for fishing methods; expanded use of multi-purpose fishing boats and introduction of automation should be encuraged to prevent seasonal fluctuations in fishery outputs. d. The government should increases financial and tax aid to Korean firms in order to elevate already weak financial structure of Korean fishery firms. e. Finally, the government ought to revise foreign exchange regulations being applied to deep sea fishery firms. Furthermore, dutes levied on foreign purchaed equipments and supplies used by our deep sea fishing boats thould be reduced or exempted. when the fish caught by Korean partner of joint-venture firms is sold at the home port, pusan, import duty should be exempted.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.242-261
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• 2012

본 고에서는 연구기관에서 개발된 기술의 기술이전 가격결정을 위해 초기단계 기술의 가치평가를 포함하여 연구개발이 진행됨에 따른 단계별 가치평가 방법을 적용하기 위한 개념적 틀을 구상해보고자 한다. 전통적인 기술가치평가는 암묵적으로 기술이 제품에 적용되는 경쟁기술인 상태를 가정하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 초기단계 기술 또는 경쟁환경에 노출되기 이전 단계의 기술에 대한 가치는 단일의 평가방법만으로 평가하는 데 한계가 존재한다. 따라서 이와 같은 초기단계 기술에 대한 가치평가를 수행하기 위한 방법론 적용의 프레임워크를 제시하고자 하였다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.61-118
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.89-117
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• 2018

본 연구는 2개년 중소기업 기술통계조사에 근거하여 기업의 기술특성, 기업역량, R&D 활동에 해당하는 요인들이 R&D를 통한 매출액에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 조절회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 아울러 개발 방식에 따라 각 요인의 영향력 변화를 확인하고, 29개 산업에 대하여 동일한 분석을 진행하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 분석 결과 12개 요인이 매출액에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기술개발 방식에 따른 요인의 영향력 변화를 분석한 결과, 4개의 요인에서 유의한 변화가 확인되었고, 이들 각의 요인에서 기술개발 방식에 따른 성과 창출에 서로 다른 조절효과가 확인되었다. 셋째, 매출액 영향 요인을 산업별로 검증한 결과, 산업별 최대 9개까지 성공요인을 보유하며, 산업별 개발방식에 따른 요인의 영향력 변화 분석 결과 산업별 최대 8개까지 유의한 변화가 확인되었다. 본 연구는 다음의 시사점을 가진다. 첫째, 중소기업은 기술개발 관련 의사결정시 해당 기업이 속한 산업에서 매출 증대 요인이 무엇인지 파악하여 집중할 필요가 있다. 또한 개발하는 기술의 특성, 기업의 역량, R&D 활동수준 등을 고려하여 기술개발방식을 결정하여야 한다. 둘째, 중소기업을 지원하는 기관에서는 관련 예산을 효과적으로 집행하기 위해 지원 기업 평가 시, 지원과제 및 지원목적에 따라 평가항목을 달리하는 상황별 가이드라인을 수립해야 한다. 특히 도출된 결과를 토대로 개방형 혁신 기업에 대한 맞춤형 지원 등을 통해 정책 효과성을 제고할 필요가 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.273-314
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• 2004

There is a belief in the construction industry that the traditional court system may not be an ideal forum to effectively and efficiently resolve construction disputes due to the protracted proceedings and the three tier appeal system resulting in a long delay in the final and conclusive settlement of the dispute, relatively high costs involved, the lack of requisite knowledge and experience in the relevant industry, etc. Hence, they assert that certain alternative dispute resolution ('ADR') methods, such as mediation, conciliation, arbitration or a new system for dispute settlement in the form of any combination thereof should be developed and employed for construction disputes so as to resolve them more promptly and efficiently to the satisfaction of all the disputants concerned. This paper discusses certain merits of such assertions and the need for additional considerations for effective resolution of the construction disputes in light of the complexity of the case, importance of expert witnesses, parties' relationship and non-level playing field of the construction industry and so on. At the same time, however, given the inherent nature of disputes rendering the parties involved in an adversarial position, it would rather be difficult, if not practically impossible, to satisfy all the parties concerned in the dispute. Accordingly, in this study, it is also purported to address the demerits of such assertions by studying the situation from a more balanced perspective, in particular, in relation to the operation of such ADRs. In fact, most of such ADRs as stipulated by special acts, such as the Construction Industry Basic Act of Korea, in the form of mediation or conciliation, have failed to get support from the industry, and as a result, such ADRs are seldom used in practice. Tn contrast, the court system has been greatly improved by implementing a new concentrated review system and establishing several tribunals designed to specialize in the review and resolution of specific types of disputes, including the construction disputes. These improvements of the court system have been warmly received by the industry. Arbitration is another forum for settlement of construction disputes, which has grown and is expected to grow as the most effective ADR with the support from the construction industry. In this regard, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board ('KCAB') has established a set of internal rules end procedures in operation to efficiently handle construction disputes. Considering the foregoing, this paper addresses the most important elements of the arbitration, i.e., arbitration agreement and arbitral award, primarily focusing on the domestic arbitrations before the KCAB. However, since this parer is prepared for presentation at the construction disputes seminar for the public audience, it is not intended for academic purposes, nor does it delve into any specific acadcmic issues. Likewise, although this paper addresses certain controversial issues by way of introduction, it mainly purports to facilitate the understanding of the general public, including the prospective arbitrators on the KCAB roster without the relevant legal education and background, concerning the importance of the integrity of the arbitration agreement and the arbitral award. In sum, what is purported in this study is simply to note that there are still many outstanding issues with mediation, conciliation and arbitration, as a matter of system, institutional operation or otherwise, for further study and consideration so as to enhance them as effective means for settlement of construction disputes, in replacement of or in conjunction with the court proceeding. For this purpose, it is essential for all the relevant parties, including lawyers, engineers, owners, contractors and social activists aiming to protect consumers' and subcontractors' interests, to conduct joint efforts to study the complicated nature of construction works and to develop effective means for examination and handling of the disputes of a technical nature, including the accumulation of the relevant industrial data. Based on the foregoing, the parties may be in a better position to select the appropriate dispute resolution mechanism, a court proceeding or in its stead, an effective ADR, considering the relevant factors of the subject construction works or the contract structure, such as the bargaining position of the parties, their financial status, confidentiality requirements, technical or commercial complexity of the case at hand, urgency for settlements, etc.