• PNF and Movement
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the activity of the shoulder flexor and extensor when hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with shoulder joint flexion. Methods: The subjects of this study were 15 healthy women. With the shoulder joint flexion at $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied for the same submaximal resistance to measure the activities of the deltoid muscle anterior fiber, deltoid muscle posterior fiber, pectoralis major fiber, and latissimus dorsi muscle with surface electromyography. An independent t-test was conducted in order to compare activities of each muscle according to the two techniques. Results: When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexion at $0^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the flexor was higher when the contraction-relax technique was applied than when the hold-relax technique was applied. When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexed at $90^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the extensor was relatively higher than when the flexor was at $0^{\circ}$ Conclusion: When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexion at $0^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the flexor was higher when the contraction-relax technique was applied than when the hold-relax technique was applied. When the hold-relax and contraction-relax techniques were applied with the shoulder joint flexed at $90^{\circ}$, the activities of the shoulder flexor and extensor were not significantly different, but the activity of the extensor was relatively higher than when the flexor was at $0^{\circ}$.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제60권
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• pp.79-106
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• 2013

The world is significant increasing investment volume into developing countries from foreign investors. Foreign financial capital is searching in interesting place among the emerging market. However foreign investors put still their experience in the economical and social crisis with political risks in the host countries. MIGA entered into the political risks insurance market which has one of the basic matter of sponsored the private investment guarantee programs. They put guarantee or covering risks of currency inconvertibility, expropriation, breach of contract and political violence. In the case contracts of guarantee concluded between investor and MIGA which are disputes in relation to such MIGA service contract, it should be settled by negotiation, conciliation and arbitration under the convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(MIGA). All disputes within the scope to states and investor of MIGA members shall be settled in accordance with the procedure set out in the convention. Recently, MIGA is opening the office in Seoul to strengthen joint efforts between MIGA and Korea. It will be a good chance to consider sustainable improvement and dispute solutions for emerging countries in foreign investment to the korean investors.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

In this article we consider a supply chain consisting of a risk-sensitive manufacturer and a riskneutral retailer. The manufacturer maximizes her individual expected profit by designing a supply chain coordinating returns contract (SCRC) that consists of (i) a channel coordinating returns policy that maximizes the supply chain joint expected profit, and (ii) a profit sharing arrangement that gives the retailer an expected profit only slightly higher than that in the no returns case so that it is just enough to induce the retailer to accept the SCRC. Thus, the manufacturer captures as high a percentage as possible of the jointly maximum supply chain profit. However, this contract can sometimes lead to the manufacturer's resulting realized profit being lower than that in the no returns case when demand is lower than expected. In this context, even though profit is sufficiently attractive on average, will the risk-sensitive manufacturer ever consider applying a SCRC? Our research raises this question and focuses on designing a SCRC that can significantly increase the probability of the manufacturer's resulting realized profit being at least higher than that in the no returns case.

• 의료법학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.323-386
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• 2006

A combination of information technology and medical care has given rise to a new type of medicine, i.e., telemedicine. Broadly defined, telemedicine is the transfer of electronic medical data from one location to another. Both at home and abroad, telemedicine has come to success in establishing appropriate equipment and solutions for such non-conventional medicine. Sooner or later, telemedicine is believed to find itself as one of the universal treatments. In order to facilitate the full-fledged development of telemedicine, a number of legal and institutional problems have to be settled. In Korea, the Medical Act was amended to include such provisions as telemedicine, electronic medical records, electronic prescriptions, etc. and the Act came into force on March 31, 2002. Telemedicine is in common with the conventional medicine in that a physician treats a patient. However, telemedicine is basically differentiated in the followings: - The offer and acceptance of treatment and medication are usually made on-line; - Telemedicine is inherently dangerous because a physician cannot meet face-to-face with a patient; and - Joint and several liability is borne by all the physicians involved in a telemedical consultation. As a result, telemedicine is vulnerable in nature to medical malpractice. Accordingly, there must be some new theories and arguments in the formation of contract and torts. The discussion on the civil liability covers the above-mentioned issues, and would give an insight or guidelines in the concerted operation of provisions with respect to telemedicine. This study delves into the civil liability of physicians involved in telemedical consultations and treatments based upon the conventional malpractice theory.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.531-534
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• 2007

현행 국내의 일괄입찰방식은 설계와 시공의 겸업금지로 공동도급 형태의 분담이행방식으로 운영되고 있어, 참여업체간의 의사소통 부족으로 인해 설계변경 클레임이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 또한 수행절차 과정에서도 사업참여자간 의견대립으로 인해 상호교류가 부족하여 프로젝트를 효율적으로 수행하는데 어려움이 있다. 이 연구에서는 일괄입찰방식, 파트너링과 시공성 분석의 특성을 파악하고, 예비적 고찰을 통한 상호교류의 영향도와 문제점을 분석하여, 일괄입찰방식 실시설계단계에서 프로젝트의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있는 효율적인 파트너링과 시공성 분석 연계 프로세스 모델을 제시하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.387-391
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• 2015

Currently, there is insufficient research on the construction management performance since the CM system was introduced in Korea. For successful completion of construction projects, active use of construction mangers on projects is necessary by introducing construction management to the projects. In view of this, this study analyzed the annual CM performance from 1996 to 2013 but for the past 5 years from 2009 to 2013, a detailed analysis was carried out. For different sectors, CM performances were divided into public and private sectors, for project types, construction, civil and others, for project phases, pre-design, design, construction and post-construction phases, for contract types, sole and joint contract types, for project scale, the amount of the projects was taken into consideration and they were divided into large, medium and small scales and for the types of projects, they were divided into, shops, department stores, shopping centers, hospitals, government buildings, hotels, accommodation facilities, factories, buildings for workshops, office buildings, stadiums, playgrounds, schools and other construction types and all the data divided into such categories was analyzed. The results in this study can be used as a basic reference for studies in analysing construction management performances.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if osteoarthritis patients would benefit in terms of pain, fatigue, difficulty with physical activity, joint stiffness, and flexibility of the joints from a structured self-help program. Method: This self-help program was carried out 2-3 hours once a week for 6 weeks in 2005-2006, and evaluated in one group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The subjects of this study who were diagnosed osteoarthritis were recruited at two different Community Health Centers in Kangwon. The subjects who agreed with the purpose of this study and participated both pretest and post-test were 55 patients. Mean age is 63.48 (9.48) years, mean duration of disease is 7.95 (7.66) years. The self-help program was consisted of weekly health contract, exercise, health education, group discussion, group counseling, and recreation. At every meeting, researcher and trained public health nurse evaluated the program, and prepared the next program. The measurement tools were pain rating scale (0-10), fatigue rating scale (0-10), Korean WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis) Index, ruler, and goniometer. Results: At the completion of 6 weeks of self-help program, the subjects reported significantly less pain and difficulty with physical activity and more flexibility in both shoulder and knee joints compared to pretest. Conclusion: The self-help program would be helpful on pain, physical activity, and joint flexibility for arthritis patients.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2016

The Homeshare program, which was introduced in 2012, has been implemented with the purpose of reduction of housing costs for young students and economic support for the senior to prevent isolation and help themselves. Nonetheless, the program has not being activated and the research about it has not progressed well. Therefore, this study as a basic research of the program aims to analyze and evaluate the program in progress in district offices to push it forward. This study was undertaken on documentary research and interviews, which analyzed advanced researches and open materials from the websites of district offices. The interviews were conducted in 4 gu-district offices (Nowon-gu, Gwangjin-gu, Seodaemun-gu, and Seongdong-gu) and did interviews with officials in charge on July in 2015. The result of this study is as follows. First, the Homeshare is being activated around the university town, which has advantage of housing welfare aspects for young students and social welfare aspects for the senior. Second, the support structures of the Homeshare can be categorized as the gu-districts offices, local resources and different structures funded by the Seoul City. Third, the process of the Homeshare takes 5 steps consisted of advertisement, reception/counseling, matching, contract, follow-up management. Fourth, the matching makes it a rule to match the same gender considering safety. In the case of the participation of the official in charge, it has a advantage of solving problems that can occur when the matching, which can lead to smooth progress. Fifth, joint consultation is divided into the contract among participants and the contract between participants and the gu-district office. Sixth, the follow-up management takes rather passive approaches such as calls once or twice a month and visits when necessary. For the activation of the Homeshare, it is required to improve it through the various methods such as regular visits, satisfaction researches and so on. This study resulted from investigating and analyzing the Homeshare operation system between generations will be considered to be a reference to the underlying management.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2019

Purpose: This article was conducted to determine the immediate effects of unilateral contract-relax (CR) stretching on contralateral knee extension range and to compare both sides of the knee extension range between experimental and control groups. Methods: This study recruited 16 adult males and females with straight leg raising abilities below $90^{\circ}$. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group comprising 8 subjects each. The experimental group performed direct CR stretching on the right hamstring muscles with straight hip extension adduction, and the control group performed indirect CR stretching on the right hamstring muscles with straight hip flexion abduction. Each group performed CR stretching 4 times with 4 repetitions comprising 10 sec of contraction and a 10 sec break between repetitions. Before and after the CR stretching exercises, the subjects' passive knee extensions were measured at the hip in a $90^{\circ}$ flexed position. The subjects' peak force on the right leg and peak pressure on the left leg during each CR stretching exercise were also measured. Results: After doing CR stretching 4 times, each group showed a significantly increased passive knee extension range on both sides, and there was no difference in the passive knee extension ranges between the groups. The peak force on the right leg was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. There was no difference in peak pressure between the groups. Conclusion: After applying unilateral CR stretching, the study subjects experienced a significantly increased passive knee extension range on the contralateral side. For patients who find it difficult to apply stretching techniques to knee joints directly, the use of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique of CR stretching may be useful in improving the range of the knee joint on the contralateral side without direct treatment.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2021

본 연구목적은 병원 시설 근로자들의 구강 증상에 영향을 미치는 업무 위험요인을 살펴보고자 한다. 연구 방법은 수도권 지역의 대학병원 시설 관리 파견·용역 근로자 627명을 대상으로 2020년 11월 17일~2021년 5월 20일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 근골격계 질환과 상해 위험이 높은 근로자들에게서 구강 증상이 높게 나타났다. 또한 직무 불안정과 조직 불공정성의 영역에서 구강점막, 악관절 장애, 구강건조증 증상이 높게 나타났으며, 이직 의도와 질병 출근 요인에서 구강건조증 위험도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 근로자들의 업무 위험 요인과 직무스트레스가 증가할수록 구강 증상 위험도가 증가하였다. 추후 병원 시설 근로자들의 구강건강 증진을 위한 구강보건정책 개선 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.