• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Background: Methods for exercising serratus anterior (SA) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles are important for the recovery of patients with various shoulder disorders, yet the efficacy of closed or open kinetic chain exercises have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the activation of the SA and UT muscles during scapular protraction considering both closed and open kinetic chain exercises. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into experimental groups (closed kinetic chain exercise) and control groups (open kinetic chain exercise) in which scapular protraction was performed at $90^{\circ}$ or $125^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion. Electromyographic activity data were collected from the SA and UT muscles per position and exercise method. Results: Separate mixed 2-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in the activation of the SA (F1,28=6.447, p=.017) and the UT (F1,28=35.450, p=.001) muscles between the groups at $90^{\circ}$ and $125^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion. Also, the SA/UT ratio measures at $90^{\circ}$ and $125^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion significantly differed between the groups (F1,28=15.457, p=.001). That is, the closed chain exercise was more effective than open chain exercise for strengthening the SA muscle and controlling the UT muscle, $125^{\circ}$ of shoulder joint was more effective than $90^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The findings suggest that scapular protraction with shoulder $125^{\circ}$ flexion at the closed kinetic chain exercise may be more effective in increasing SA muscle activation and decreasing UT muscle activation as well as increasing the SA/UT ratio than open kinetic chain exercise.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

캐릭터로 하여금 시뮬레이션 내에서 사용자가 원하는 동작을 보이도록 물리 기반 제어기를 만들 수 있다면 주변 환경의 변화와 다른 캐릭터와의 상호작용에 대하여 자연스러운 반응을 보이는 캐릭터 애니메이션을 생성할 수 있다. 최근 심층 강화 학습을 이용해 물리 기반 제어기가 더 안정적이고 다양한 동작을 합성하도록 하는 연구가 다수 이루어져 왔다. 본 논문에서는 다리가 하나 달린 픽사 애니메이션 스튜디오의 마스코트 캐릭터 Luxo를 주어진 목적지까지 뛰어 도착하게 하는 심층 강화학습 모델을 제시한다. 효율적으로 뛰는 동작을 학습하도록 하기 위해서 Luxo의 각 관절의 각도값들을 선형 보간법으로 생성하여 참조 모션을 만들었으며, 캐릭터는 이를 모방하면서 균형을 유지하여 목표한 위치까지 도달하도록 하는 제어 정책(control policy)을 학습한다. 참조 동작을 사용하지 않고 Luxo 동작을 제어하도록 학습된 정책과 비교한 실험 결과, 제안된 방법을 사용하면 사용자가 지정한 위치로 Luxo가 점프하며 이동하는 정책을 더 효율적으로 학습할 수 있었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 CFRP와 금속 또는 비금속을 접착제로 접합시켜 이 재료에 대한 파손 연구를 수행하였다. 그 해석 조건으로는 DCB 시험편을 이용하여 시험편의 상부에는 CFRP, 시험편의 하부에는 금속 또는 비금속 재료로 지정하였고 두 상부와 하부 사이를 구조용 접착제로 부착하는 것을 묘사하였다. 이 해석 결과로는 알루미늄으로 접착된 시험편에서 가장 작은 등가응력 보였고 티타늄을 사용하였을 때 박리된 CFRP시험편에서의 최대 전단응력은 가장 낮음을 보였다. 결론적으로 티타늄을 사용하였을 때 시험편의 변형이 가장 작은 것을 알 수 있었고 본 연구 결과를 토대로 접착제를 이용한 접착 계면의 파손데이터를 실생활에 융합하여 그 미적 감각을 나타낼 수 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

Human balance is maintained through a complex process involving sensory detection of body motions, integration of sensorimotor information within the central nervous system, and execution of appropriate musculoskeletal responses. The basic task of balance is to position the body center of gravity (COG) over some portion of the support base. When the COG extends beyond the base of support, the person has exceeded the limits of stability (LOS). At this point, a step or stumble is required to prevent a fall. Automatic postural responses operate to keep the COG over the base of support. They are a set of functionally organized, long-loop responses that act to keep the body in a state of equilibrium. There are four commonly identified automatic postural responses, or strategies. These are ankle strategy, hip strategy, suspensory (knee) strategy, and stepping strategy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the LOS using various knee strategies. Forty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were comprised of 20 males and 20 females who were without neurologic, orthopaedic or balance performance impairments. The LOS was measured with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Knee joint angle which is to increase stability of standing balance with using knee strategy was at mid-range. 2) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior LOSs according to the knee strategy. 3) There were no statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOSs according to the knee strategy. 4) There were statistically significant differences of anteroposterior LOSs with using knee strategy according to gender. 5) There were no statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOSs with using knee strategy according to gender.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

34세 남자 환자로 등산중 실족으로 발생한 전방십자인대의 완전파열로 자가 슬괵건을 이용한 경핀 고정법으로 전방십자인대 재건술을 시행하였다. 술후 경과는 양호하였으나 술후 3개월째 굴신 신전 운동 시 슬부 후측면의 동통과 지속적인 관절내 부종 소견을 보였으며 수차례의 관절천자와 약물투여에도 반응이 없었다. 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 상후방 피질 골의 천공이 관찰되어 술후 6개월째 이차관절내시경 수술을 시행하였다. 내시경 소견상 경핀고정물의 전방부 1/3에 일치되는 투명한 이물질과 대퇴경골관절면의 연골의 손상이 관찰되었으며 이물 제거 후 증세는 호전되었다. 경핀 터널의 잘못된 위치가 실패의 원인이라고 생각되었으며 경핀고정법을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술시, 슬관절 과굴곡 상태에서 예각의 대퇴 터널을 만들어 후방 피질 골을 두껍게 남기고, 핀 홀을 만들 때 경핀가이드를 횡상과축보다 $10\~20$도 외회전시켜야 대퇴골 후방피질골의 천공을 방지할 수 있어 조기 실패를 예방할 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of myofascial pain syndrome on shoulder pain, range of motion, and body composition around the shoulder in middle-aged women. Methods: A total of 72 women participated in the randomized controlled trial. The subjects were grouped into an experimental group (n=39) and a control group (n=33). The experimental group received a resistance exercise program using an elastic band for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. The control group followed a normal daily for 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted three times; before the experimental treatment (pre-test), the 2nd and 8th weeks after treatment. Results: Regarding the general characteristics and homogeneity of the dependent variables, there were no significant differences between the two groups, except for the thickness of the left and right muscles and the left fat. After treatment, shoulder pain was significantly different between the two groups (F=18.54, p<.001) and the range of shoulder motion was significantly different (left, F=86.70, p<.001; right, F=98.66, p<.001). Furthermore, there were a significant differences in the thickness of muscles between the two groups (left, F=40.20, p<.001; right, F=29.57, p<.001); however, the thickness of fat was not significantly different. Conclusion: The resistance exercise program reduces shoulder pain and improves the range of motion of the shoulder joint and increases muscle mass on around the shoulder. It suggests to conduct a study to confirm the long-term exercise effect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.406-411
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• 2010

Objective : Esophageal/hypopharyngeal injury can be a disastrous complication of anterior cervical surgery. The amount of hypopharyngeal wall exposure within the surgical field has not been studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate the chance of hypopharyngeal wall exposure by measuring the amount of axial rotation of the thyroid cartilage (ARTC) and posterior projection of the hypopharynx (PPH). Methods : The study was prospectively designed using intraoperative ultrasonography. We measured the amount of ARTC in 27 cases. The amount of posterior projection of the hypopharynx (PPH) also was measured on pre-operative CT and compared at three different levels; the superior border of the thyroid cartilage (SBTC), cricoarytenoid joint and tip of inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage (TIHTC). The presence of air density was also checked on the same levels. Results : The angle of ARTC ranged from $-6.9^{\circ}$ to $29.7^{\circ}$, with no statistical difference between the upper and lower cervical group. The amount of PPH was increased caudally. Air densities were observed in 26 cases at the SBTC, but none at the TIHTC. Conclusion : Within the confines of the thyroid cartilage, surgeons are required to pay more attention to the status of hypopharynx/esophagus near the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage. The hypopharynx/esophagus at the TIHTC is more likely to be exposed than at the upper and middle part of the thyroid cartilage, which may increase the risk of injury by pressure. Surgeons should be aware of the fact that the visceral component at C6-T1 surgeries also rotates as much as when the thyroid cartilage is engaged with a retractor. The esophagus at lower cervical levels warrants more careful retraction because it is not protected by the thyroid cartilage.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching and strengthening exercise on the static flexibility and pain intensity for the iliopsoas muscle, which is one of the main reasons for the chronic low back pain. Methods: The subjects of this study were 15 male adult patients with showed 6 score or higher in the visual analogue scale(VAS) and complained of low back pain over three months who visited department of the physical therapy, KIA motors Industrial Health Center, from October, 2008 through December, 2008. Fifteen subjects were trained stretching, mat exercises and sling exercises for iliopsoas muscle at 4-5 times a week for 4 weeks. I measured the changes on the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle, static flexibility of low back and VAS between pre- and post exercise treatment. Date were analyzed using the Wilcoxon's signed rank test considering the size of the samples. Results: 1. The angle of the hip joint that showed the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle was relieved, which was significant statistically (p<.05). 2. The static flexibility was statistically significantly improved in the trunk flexion test, trunk extension test and Schober-Test (p<.05). 3. The VAS showed decrease, which is significant statistically (p<.05). Conclusion: It is believed that the exercise treatment of iliopsoas muscle has the significant effects on the improvement of static flexibility and decrease of pain intensity for the chronic low back pain patients.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical and radiological results of minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation in intra-articular calcaneal fractures and its complications. Materials and Methods: This study is based on 30 intra-articular calcaneal fractures that treated by index operation from June 2005 to November 2006 with at least 6 months follow-up. We assessed the clinical and radiological outcomes and complications. Results: According to Sanders classification, there were 8 in type IIA, 7 in type IIB, 3 in type IIIAB, 6 in type IIIBC, 6 in type IV. And according to Essex-Lopresti classification, there were 9 in the tongue type, 21 in the joint depression type. Average follow-up period was 14.6 months (range: 6-23 months). Average interval between from injury to operation was 2.3 days. Average AOFAS score was 87.7 (range: 52-92). Satisfactory results were obtained in 22 cases (73.3%) by AOFAS score and in 20 cases (66.7%) by VAS score (mean: 3.4). Radiological results improved from 8.7 to 20.3 degrees in the Bohler angle and from 40.2 mm to 52.1 mm in calcaneal height. Postoperative complications were 2 skin and soft tissue problems and 1 sural neuropathy. Conclusion: Minimally invasive percutaneous screw fixation may be useful alternative surgical method in the management of Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures, which is possible to achieves the anatomical restoration and minimizes postoperative complication in patients with high risks of soft tissue compromise and allows relatively early operation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2014

암반 구조물의 안정성에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 절리의 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 일반적으로 직접전단시험을 통한 연구가 수행되고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 3차원 개별요소법에 근거한 3DEC을 사용하여 직접전단시험을 수치해석적으로 수행하였다. 톱니각과 강도가 상이한 인공 절리시험편에 대해 수직하중을 4단계로 변화시켜가며 일정수직하중 조건에서 실험실 직접전단시험으로 최대전단강도를 측정하였다. 그리고 실내시험을 통해 얻은 시험편의 역학적 물성으로 수치해석 모델링을 수행하였고, 획득한 전단강도를 실험실 직접전단시험으로 수행한 전단강도와 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 개별요소법에 의한 수치해석은 암반의 전단거동을 잘 모사할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.