• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2000

Although shipbuilding workers were exposed to a variety of genotoxic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), limited number of studies were conducted to evaluate the biomarkers related to PAH exposure in painting workers in shipbuilding industry. One hundred and thirty three workers including 73 employees using coal tar paints were recruited from a shipbuilding company located in South Korea. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), as internal dose of PAH exposure, were measured by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy after immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)M1 and GSTT1 genotypes were assessed by multiplex PCR. Information on demographic characteristics, smoking gabit, diet, job title, use of personal protective equipments were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Urinary 1-OHPG were higher in workers using coal tar paints than in workers using general paints, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.20, Mann-Whitney U test). Urinary 1-OHPG levels in smokers were higher than in non-smokers (p<0.05 by Mann-Whitney U test) and there was a significant increase in urinary 1-OHPG levels with the numbers of cigarettes consumed per day (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.28, p=0.02). Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 did not influence the level of 1-OHPG in study subjects. Multiple regression analysis show that smoking is the only significant predictor for lon-transformed 1-OHPG (overall model R2=0.1). These results suggest that workers using coal tar paints were exposed to significant amount of PAHs and individual difference in xenobiotic metabolism might affect the levels of internal dose of PAHs.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-179
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• 2003

This study is analysing the factors determining individuals' behavior of selecting self-employment not only at the micro-level but also at the macro-level to put a particular emphasis on the financial constraint and unemployment rate representing business cycle. The data used in this study are "Korean Labor and Income Panal Study" of the Korea Labor Institute and "Economically Active Population Survey" of National Statistical Office. The main findings are as follows. First, human capital such as educational attainment and job experience has positive effects on male's selection of self-employment. The effects of job experience, however, changed negative for female's selection of self-employment. Second, real estate is significantly enhancing the selection probabilities of employer selection while the income from financial assets has negative effects. Third, entrepreneurial culture and environment are also raising the self-employment selection probability. Lastly, the regional unemployment rate representing the business cycle has positive effects on the self-employment selection after the financial crisis in 1997 both at the micro and macro level. Moreover, the coefficient of regional unemployment rate has changed positive in the structural model of self-employment selection controlling for selection bias and income opportunities, which means that individual's behavior of self-employment selection is rather complex when accounting for the uncertainties of income opportunities and diverse characteristics of self-employment workforce.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.335-354
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• 2015

This study attempts to explore the internal organizational factors to subject specialized services in university libraries from a viewpoint of libraries as organizations. For this goal, a set of deep interviews were conducted with several librarians in a university library who are in charge of the subject specialized services, then analyzed the interview contents on individual, team, and organizational levels. The subject specialized services were explained with the perception of the job importance, support and cooperation on team level, motivation, team efficacy, and internal communication from the organizational viewpoint. As a result, the study identified several internal and organizational factors to the services, which should be considered for the sevice activation, with which organizational goals in libraries are supported.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.475-485
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting depression in married working women using the results of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families(2017). The data was analyzed by application of the Rao-Scott 𝜒²-test and t-test to identify the differences in some characteristics between the group with depression and logistic regression with SPSS/WIN 25.0 There were significant differences in feelings for marriage life (p=.003), perceptions of husbands (p<.001), satisfaction with sharing of housework (p=.008), number of children (p=.027). perceived health status (p<.001), smoking (p=.012), monthly average salary (p=.021), and job satisfaction (p=.006). It will be necessary to make efforts within the family that can equally distribute marital-related tasks with their spouses and to improve the individual's perceived health status for the management of depression of married working women. It is also necessary to education on the misconception that smoking helps relieve stress.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.57-89
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• 2016

This paper used individual establishment level data to estimate the effects of government support for the research and development of 'small and medium enterprises'(SMEs). We analyzed, on the establishment level, the degree of technical advancement, strength of private R&D incentives, and the effect on employment levels of firms which participated in the 2010 government R&D support project. The results of this study are as follows. First, the size and frequency of government investment in the R&D of SMEs were both positively correlated with the amount of patent registrations. Furthermore, we found that the amount of patent registrations were positively correlated with the size of the establishments, but the average level of technological advancement for the firms running the research was lower than the average level of technological advancement for the firms merely participating in the project. Second, the government's R&D policy was found to be complementary to private R&D incentives, and a 1% increase in government R&D investment resulted in an inelastic increase (0.193~0.245%) of the firms' post-program R&D spending. Third, we found that R&D support from the government contributed to an increase of employment by the participating firms. Additionally, we found that the impact of R&D support on job creation varied for the firm size and technological characteristics. Therefore, it is important for governments to take into consideration each type of small business, when setting R&D policies.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.390-403
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• 2012

Industrial parks have played a pivotal role in leading and sustaining economic and regional development in Korea. It is conventionally known that industrial parks induce a variety of effects in regional economy from a formation stage to an operational stage. Notwithstanding it is surprising that there is almost no literature on economic effects of the formation and operation of industrial parks. In this paper we attempt to measure economic effects of the formation of industrial parks in Gimhae, Sanmak (Yangsan) and Haman in Gyeongnam. The formation stage of industrial park is divided into a site renovation stage, a firm location stage and an operational stage. This research shows that economic effects of the formation of industrial parks can be different by the characteristics of individual industrial park. Particularly, the main sectors of industry to be located in an industrial park can be to a great extent influential for the effects of the new creation of industrial park on productive inducement and job creation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.251-265
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• 2022

According to the 2019 statistics of the National Statistical Office, the population of old people over 65 is 7.69 million which consists of 14.9% of total population in Korea, and the world's fastest compressed-aging is being processed. Employees engaged in financial business as representative high-wage workers tend to choose voluntary retirement regardless of their business types, and rarely get a new job or establish their own business successfully. This study analyzes the effects of retirement expectations, social supports, and entrepreneurial intention for employees engaged in financial business, and the differences by individual characteristics on the preparation for their old age. The subjects include 280 people working at Seoul metropolitan and Daegu area. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win Ver. 18.0 for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, etc. and the results of the study are as follows. First, the result of analyzing the effect of retirement expectations of employees engaged in financial business on the preparation for old age shows that the retirement expectations of the people who consider retirement is a new start meaningfully affect the financial and physical preparations for old age. Second, it is shown that family relations for employees engaged in financial business meaningfully affect the financial preparation, and family relations and friendship relations meaningfully affect the emotional and social preparations, despite social supports do not relevantly affect the financial preparation for old age. Third, it is also shown that the entrepreneurial intention of employees engaged in financial business does not relevantly affect the financial and physical preparations, but meaningfully affects the emotional and social preparations for old age. Fourth, the result of analyzing the effect of the individual characteristics of employees engaged in financial business on the preparation for their old age shows that age, marital status, and job grade do not relevantly affect, but the experience of entrepreneurship education more affects the preparation for old age than no-experience.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.185-208
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• 2014

This study is to identify the factors deterring or precipitating the exit from welfare recipiency to labor market in the Korean social assistance program. The results from the empirical analyses of the Korea Welfare Panel Study(KOWEPS) show that the duration dependency is not due to increasing welfare dependency with duration, but to the fact that longer stayers have many vulnerable conditions to escape from poverty. Particularly, the main factors determining the transition from recipiency to labor market are not individual or household characteristics such as human or social capital. Those having adolescents of secondary education in their households or participating in some effective labor market program such as job placement service tend to have significant effects on the exit rates from recipiency. That means that the institution-related factors such as the education and health supports combined with benefits and the effective labor market programs are important in the translation from recipiency to labor market of working-age recipients in the Korean social assistance scheme.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.157-171
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• 2001

The study was designed to provide the fundamental information for understanding discomfort of bone marrow donors and for promoting an individual comfort by comparing the difference on discomfort between unrelated donors and related donors. The subject of the study was fifty related donors and thirty unrelated donors who was in the C University Hospital. This survey had been carried out and collected from October, 1998 to March, 1999. The scale of discomfort of donors associated with bone marrow donation were assessed by the questionnaire deviced by Kim Sang Dol and amended by the researcher. Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows. 1. Considering the general characteristics of bone marrow donors according to gender, male was consisted of $60\%$ and female was consisted of $40\%$. Of those related donors are consisted for $62.5\%$ and accounted for $37.5\%$ of those unrelated donors. Considering the classification to the job, employee of company were major donors which was $35\%$, and next order was student, individual businessman, and housewife. Considering the education level. college students were $48.7\%$ and students who have less than high school level were $42.5\%$. 2. According to the above the results regarding discomfort of bone marrow donation, it is especially shown that the major cause for discomfort of bone marrow donors is on physical factor. The concrete examples for physical factor are pain in the region of bone marrow harvest and pain in the injection part by fluid therapy and blood-sampling, an immovability of the body after bone marrow harvest, and difficulties on walking. Considering physiological factor, there are an uneasiness about leading to injure their health, vague fear about the hospital. and a tedium at hospital. Environmental factors for discomfort of bone marrow donors are insufficient explanation for needle gauge and procedure of bone marrow donation and difficulty on following medical schedule. Therefore. it is necessary to establish more effective and systematically organized program for nursing intervention based on the research results. An effective program is only useful in getting rid of discomfort of bone marrow donors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.764-772
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• 2022

The shipping and port industries have traditionally been male-centered, and although the scope of entry for female mariners is increasing, the proportion of female workers is still low. However, research on career barriers and career decision levels in this industry has not yet been conducted. This study can explain the dif iculties in career development experienced by women in this industry and comprehensively explain the socio-cultural context or environmental factors to which the individual belongs in order to improve it. The purpose of this study was to derive career barrier factors and investigate how they affect career decision levels among female students enrolled in M University's Maritime College. The career barriers perceived by female students at Maritime College were derived from gender discrimination (GD), career undecided and lack of preparation (IOU), work-family conflict (WFC), lack of individual characteristics (LPQ), and lower-than-expected job prospects (LOE). As a result of analyzing how the derived career barrier factors af ect the career decision level, it was found that IOU had a significant negative effect on the career decision level. GD, WFC, LPQ, and LOE did not have a significant effect on career decision level. The study conclusions can be used as important data for career guidance and counseling for female maritime college women who want to overcome career barriers and improve their career decision-making levels.