• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-117
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• 1990

The purposes of this study are to delineate a profile of the state of a stroke patient's adaptation at 3 months after hospitalization and to explore the relationship between the level of adaptation and the variables which influence the adaptation of hemiplegic patients. To these ends, theoretical framework was derived basically from the stress adaptation model. The basic assumption underlying the level of adaptation is influenced by the presenting focal, contextual and residual stimuli. This group of stimuli is further operationalized and represented by a perception of stress. which is the perceived effect of the disability and by the mediating variables such as sociodemographic factors as an external conditioning variables and perceived social support and hardiness personality characteristics as an internal intervening variables. The dependent varibales in this study is the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation and is hypothesized to be a function of the interaction between 3 sets of variables namely, the perceived disability effect, external conditioning variables and internal intevening varibles. A total of fourty three subjects from 3 general hospitals in Seoul were observed and interviewed with the aid of 7 structured instruments. The data were collected twice on each subject : first at the pre-discharge period arid at 3 months post-discharge from hospital for the second time. The study was carried out for the period from February to August, 1988. The instruments used for the study include 4 existing scales and 3 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are : 1) The ADL dependency scale and the scale of the clinical physical functions for the assessment of physical adaptation. 2) the SDS(self report of depression) to measure the level of psychological adaptation. 3) The scale for the amount of social activities for the measurement of the level of social adaptation. 4) The scale for the perceived effect of disability for the measurement of the focal stimuli. 5) The health related hardiness scale and the perceived interpersonal support self evaluation list(ISEL) for the measurement of the hardiness personality character and the perceived social support. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage, oneway ANOVA, Pearson coefficients correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The findings provide valuable information about the present level of physical adaptation at 3 months after discharge. The patient revealed a decreased ADL dependency and lowered limitation of physical function as compared with pre - discharge state. Psycholcgically, the average degree of depression at follow up was within normal range of depression. Socially, the amount of social activities was very low. The one way ANOVA and the correlational analysis revealed the relationship between the 3 sets of variables and the adaptation level as follows : 1) The perceived disability effect was related to the degree of the depression and the amount of social activities but was not related to the physical adaptation. 2) Among the sociodemographic variables, sex and education were related to the difference of ADL dependency and the change of physical function. These factors indicate that women more than men and educated more than the less educated were found more independent. The education was also related to the degree of depression suggesting that the higher the educational level, the more well adapted the patients were both physically and psychologically. Age, marital status and job state were not found to be related to the patient's adaptation level. 3) Among the internal intervening variables, the health related hardiness characteristic was related to the differences of ADL dependency, physical functions and the social activities, indicating that the higher the hardiness character the higher the level of physical and social adaptation. 4) The perceived social support, another internal intervening variable, was related to the degree of depression and the social activities. This data suggest that the higher the perception of social support, the better adapted the patients were psychogically and socially. In summarizing the results of the correlational analysis, the level of physical adaptation was influenced by sex, the years of education and the hardiness character. The level of psychological adaptation was influenced by the years of education, the perceived disability effect and the perceived social support. And the level of social adaptation was influenced by the perceived disability effect, the hardiness character and the perceived social support. The stepwise multiple regression analysis shows findings as follows : 1) The most important factor to explain the difference of ADL dependency was sex, indicating females were more independent than males. 2) The most important factor to explain the difference of physical function and the degree of depression was the patient's education level. 3) The strongest explaining factor for the amount of social activities was perceived self esteem(one of the subconcepts of perceived social support). Thus the most important factors influencing the level of adaptation were found to be sex, education, the hardiness character and self esteem. From the above findings, the significance of this study can be delineated as follows : 1) Corroboration of the assumed relationship between the various variables and the adaptation level as suggested in the conceptual model. 2) Support for the feasibility of the cognitive approach for nursing intervention such as hardness character training, counselling and teaching for self-care in the chronic patients.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2000

연구목적 : 여성 및 남성 탈모중의 개인적 특성이나 탈모양상, 정신의학적특성, 동반 신체질환 및 치료 방법에 관한 비교 분석을 통해 여성 탈모증의 치료 및 예방 지침을 수립하기 위해 연구를 시도 하였다. 방법 : 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 중앙대학교 용산병원 피부과에 내원하여 정신과로 의뢰된 여성 탈모증 환자 51명을 연구집단으로, 남성 탈모증환자 42명을 대조군으로 선정하여 남녀별 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V 프로그램을 통해 자료 처리를 하였고, 집단간의 차이는 교차 분석 및 변량 분석을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 여성일수록 남성에 비해 경제 수준이나 교육 수준이 낮고, 하류 직종에 종사하며, 부친이 무직자가 많고, 형제 자매 수가 많으며, 여자형제만 있는 비율이 높다. 2) 여성일수록 피부과 내원빈도가 많고, 최근 두정부나 전두부 탈모가 많으며, 여성가족 중에 탈모 경험자가 많은 반면에 남성 가족중에는 탈모자가 적고, 후두부 탈모가 적으며, 손톱의 변화는 적다. 3) 여성일수록 가정내 갈등이나 경제적 변화로 인해 스트레스를 받고, 가정내 갈등이나 내성적 성격으로 인해 갈등을 겪는 반면 직장문제나 건강 변화 등 생활 변동을 겪거나, 작업 수행 능력의 부진으로 인한 갈등은 적고 직장 적응에 있어 어려움을 겪는 비율도 낮다. 4) 여성일수록 우울증이나 전환장애가 많고, 불안 증상들이나 우울 증상들을 흔히 호소하며, 불안수준이 높은 반면 신체화증상이나 강박증상은 덜 호소하며, 불안장애는 적다. 5) 여성일수록 남성에 비해 내향화 성향이나 허구 성향 억압 성향 여성화 성향이 높다. 6) 여성일수록 관절염이나 비뇨생식계장애가 많은 반면 위장관장애나 지루성피부염은 적다. 7) 여성일수록 etizolam이나 tretinoin은 많이 사용하는 반면 향정신성 의약품은 적게 사용하며, 특히 clotiazepam이나 prednicarbonate를 적게 사용한다. 결론 : 여성 탈모증 환자는 남성 환자에 비해 우울증이 많고, 불안 및 우울 증상을 흔히 호소하며, 가정 문제로 인해 발병하고, 내향화 성향이나 허구 성향, 억압 성향, 여성화 성향이 높다. 이 결과는 여성 환자가 남성 환자에 비해 더 심각한 정신병리를 보여 준다는 것을 의미하고, 여성 탈모의 예방 및 치료를 위해 정신과적 개업이 필요함을 말해 주고 있다. 따라서 피부과 의사들은 병발하는 정신장애에 대해 깊은 관심을 갖고, 정신과와 피부과가 공동 치료 계획을 세워야 한다.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1997

The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1674-1680
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• 2014

잡곡밥 메탄올 추출물이 가지는 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 LLC-PK1 세포의 보호 효과를 조사하였다. $250{\mu}M$의 $H_2O_2$에 의한 산화적 스트레스가 유발된 LLC-PK1 세포에 시료추출물을 처리한 결과, WR, TMR, GR 순으로 $H_2O_2$ 처리군에 비해 세포 생존율이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 특히 GRS와 GRK에서 정상군에 가까운 세포 생존율을 나타내어 $H_2O_2$에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 유발된 세포 손상에 대한 잡곡밥 추출물의 보호 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 세포 내 활성산소(ROS)의 수준과 세포 내 지질과산화물질(MDA)의 생성 억제 효과 역시 WR, TMR, GR, GRK, GRS 순으로 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. $H_2O_2$로 인하여 세포 내 항산화 효소인 SOD, CAT와 GSH-px 등의 활성이 감소된 LLC-PK1 세포에 잡곡밥 추출물을 처리했을 때 이들 효소의 활성이 증가했으며 특히 GRK, GRS군에서 현저하게 증가되었다. LLC-PK1 세포에서 $H_2O_2$에 의해 발생하는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 보호 효과를 측정한 결과 잡곡밥 추출물은 세포 손상을 억제하고 세포 내 활성산소(ROS)의 수준과 지질과산화물질(MDA)의 생성을 억제하며, 세포 내 항산화 효소의 활성을 증가시키는 효과를 가지는 것으로 보인다. 또한 항산화 효소유전자 발현에서도 위와 비슷한 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 잡곡밥 메탄올 추출물, 특히 기능성 물질인 카레가루와 상황버섯 추출물이 첨가된 잡곡밥은 LLC-PK1 세포에 대한 보호 작용과 in vitro에서의 항산화 효과가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제8권
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• pp.233-267
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• 2001

현대는 산업 문명의 발달로 시장의 세계화가 급속히 진행되고 있다. 비슷한 품질과 서비스를 제공하는 수많은 기업들은 각기 다양한 방법으로 자사의 제품을 차별화하며 보다 많은 시장점유율과 매출액, 이윤을 창출하기 위하여 부단한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이 중에서 가장 대표적인 것이 자사의 브랜드를 강력하게 만틀어 관리하는 일이다. 현대의 소비자는 상품을 사지 않는다. 그들은 복잡한 설명서도 읽지 않으며, 가격으로 물건을 평가하지도 않는다. 단지 자신의 머릿속에 각인된 브랜드를 선택한다. 브랜드는 오늘날 고도의 마케팅 전략의 핵심 도구로 취급되고, 또한 중요한 법적 자산으로 평가되고 있다. 따라서, 기업의 마케터들은 자사 제품의 가치를 높이기 위한 수단으로서 브랜드 자체의 명성을 구축하는 데 심혈을 기물이고 있다. 유명하고 좋은 이미지를 가진 브랜드만이 충성 스러운 고객기반을 확보할 수 있고 가격 경쟁에서 유리한 위치를 점할 수 있으며 안정된 수 익을 확보할 수 있기 때문이다. 이와 같이, 브랜드는 비록 무형적이지만 제품이 가진 어떤 유형적인 특성보다도 중요하게 생각되고 있는 것이다- 단순히 생산자나 제품을 구별하는 수단을 넘어 중요한 자산으로 인 식되고 있으며, 이러한 맥락에서 브랜드 자산가치의 개념이 만들어 진 것이다. 본 연구는 브랜드 자산가치의 형성에 미치는 영향요인으로서 내부마케팅 요인, 마케팅믹스 요인, 브랜드수의 증가요인의 3가지 요인을 설정하여 설문조사를 통한 판매자의 평가 결과로 어떤 요인이 어느 정도의 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 요약하면 내부마케팅요인(조직구성원간의 직무만족, 조직구성 원간의 원활한 커뮤니케이션), 마케팅믹스요인(제품 품질, 가격정책, 유통전략, 광고 및 홍보 활동), 브랜드수의 증가요인(시장환경의 불투명성, 시장진입의 선발감)이 모두 다 브랜드 자산가치의 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.134-157
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• 2018

이 연구는 지식재산 분야의 실무형 인재를 양성하는 NCS 기반 교육체계를 도입 운영하기 위해서 지식재산교육체제에 대한 만족도와 문제점, 지식재산 NCS(지식재산관리, 지식재산정보조사분석, 지식재산평가 거래)에 대한 교육요구를 조사 분석하였다. 이에 대한 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지식재산교육체제에 대한 만족도는 교육내용(M=3.86), 강사(M=3.79), 강의방법 및 환경(M=3.66), 교육평가(M=3.50) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 개선해야 할 문제점은 교육내용에 대해 내용 체계성 미흡과 산업현장 요구를 미반영하여 현업적용도가 낮은 것, 강사는 교육역량과 수강생과의 상호작용이 미흡하며 실무 능력보다 이론 지식을 강조하는 것, 강의 방법은 교육매체 활용성이 낮고 흥미 및 동기부여 방법이 미흡한 것, 평가방법은 이론 지식과 실무 능력의 목표 달성이 부족, 이론 위주로 평가를 실시한다는 것 등이 높게 나타나 이에 대한 개선방안이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 지식재산 NCS에 대한 교육요구도는 지식재산평가 거래(요구도 평균=4.33), 지식재산관리(요구도 평균=3.68), 지식재산정보조사분석(요구도 평균=2.99)순으로 높게 나타났으며, 이를 NCS 기반 교육과정을 개편하거나 신규 개발하는 데 반영할 수 있도록 검토해야 한다. 결론적으로 기존 지식재산교육은 보통이상의 만족도를 보였지만 산업현장의 활용성을 높이기 위해 이론보다 실무 능력을 높이는 직무 중심의 교육을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 위해서는 산업현장의 요구를 반영한 지식재산 NCS를 도입하여 NCS 기반 교육과정으로 개편하거나 신규 개발이 이루어져야 한다. 또한 공급자가 아닌 수요자 중심의 교수학습방법, 이론 지식이 아닌 수행 및 과정 중심의 평가방법 등의 변화된 교육 패러다임으로 지식재산교육이 개선되어야 한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-141
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• 2000

The current industrial health service is shifting to health improvement business with 1st primary prevention-focused service from secondary and tertiary prevention-focused business, and Oriental medicine can provide such primary prevention-focused service due to the characteristics of its science. In particular, the advanced concept of health improvement can match the science of health care of Oriental medicine. Notably, what is most important in health improvement is our lifestyle, This does not underestimate the socio-environmental factors, which have lessened their importance due to modernism. The approach of Oriental medicine weighs more individuals' lifestyle and health care through self-cultivation. This matches the new model of advanced health business. Oriental medicine is less systemized than Western medicine, but it can provide ample contents that enhance health. If we conceive health-improvement program based on the advantages provided by these two medical systems, this will influence workers to the benefit of their health. Also, health Program needs to define factors that determine individual lives, and to provide information and technologies essential to our lives. The Oriental medicine approach puts more stress on a subject's capabilities than it does on the effect his surrounding environment can have. This needs to be supported theoretically by not only defining the relations between an individual's health state and his lifestyle, but also identifying the degree to which an individual in the industrial work place practices health improvement lifestyle . This is the first step toward initiating health-improvement business . In order to do this, this researcher conducted a survey by taking random samplings from workers, and can draw the following conclusions from it. 1 The sampled group is categorized into', by sender, female 6.6%, and male 93.4%, with males dominant; by marriage status , unmarried 43.9% and married 55.6%, with both similar percentage, and, by age, below 30, 48.4%, between 30 and 39, 27.4%, between 40 and 49, 18.2%, and over 50, 6.0%. The group further is categorized into; by education, middle school or under 1.7%, high school 30.5%, and junior college or higher 65.8% with high school and higher dominant: and by income, below 1.7 million won 24.2%, below 2.4 million won 14.8%, and above 2.4 million 6.3% Still, the group by job is categorized into collegians with 23.9%, office worker with 10.3%, and professionals with 65.8% , and this group does not include workers engaged in production that are needed for this research, but mostly office workers . 2. The subjects selected for this survey show their degree of practicing health-improvement lifestyle at an average of 2.63, health management pattern at 2.64, and health-related awareness at 2.62 The sub-divisions of health-improvement lifestyle show social emotion (2.87), food (2.66). favorite food (2.59), and leisure activities (2.52), in this order for higher points. It further shows health awareness (2.47) and safety awareness (2.40), lower points than those in health management pattern . 3. In the area of using leisure time for health-improvement, males, older people, married, and people with higher income earn higher marks. And, in the area of food management, the older and married earn higher marks . In the area of favorite food management, females, lower-income bracket, and lower-educated show higher degree of practice , while in the area of social emotion management, the older. married, and higher-income bracket show higher marks. In addition, in the area of health awareness, the older, married, and people with higher-income show higher degree of practice. 4. To look at correlation by overall and divisional health-improvement practice degree , this researcher has analyzed the data using Person's correlation coefficient. The lifestyle shows significant correlation with its six sub-divisions, and use of leisure time, food, and health awareness all show significant correlation with their sub-divisions. And. the social emotion and safety awareness show significant correlation with all sub-divisions except favorite food management.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.124-133
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• 1999

연구목적 : 산후우울증은 여러 요인이 관여하여 발생하며, 이들 위험요인에는 다양한 심리사회적 요인이 포함된다. 이전의 여러 연구결과들을 통해 산후우울증의 위험요인이 알려지고 있지만 아직까지 국내에서 산후우울증을 대상으로 위험요인을 연구한 경우는 별로 없다. 본 연구는 국내에서 산후우울증의 심리사회적 위험요인으로는 어떤 것이 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법 : 일신기독병원을 방문한 출산 후 약 6~8주에 있는 산모 119명을 대상으로 하였다. 설문지를 이용하여 산후우울증의 위험요인에 대하여 조사하고 산후우울의 정도를 측정하였다. 설문지는 이전 연구들을 통해 알려진 위험요인들을 참고하고 산모들의 스트레스와 관계되는 요인들을 추가하여 작성하였다. 산후 우울증을 평가하기 위해 EPDS(Edinburgh postnatal depression scale)를 번안해서 사용하였고, 산후우울의 정도는 측정된 EPDS 접수에 따라 판단하였다. 결과 : 총 대상 산모 119명 중 EPDS에 의해 산후우울증으로 진단될 수 있는 고위험군은 16명으로, 13.45%의 빈도를 보였다. 고위험군에서는 과거 우울증상을 경험한 경우와 결혼생활에 대한 만족도가 낮은 경우가 저위험군에 비해 유의하게 많았다, 또 과거 우울증상을 경험하였던 군, 임신중 우울과 불안증상을 경험한 군, 임신 및 산욕기동안 스트레스 생활사를 경험하였다고 보고한 군, 결혼생활에 대한 만족도가 낮은 군, 그리고 나이가 많을수록 EPDS 접수가 유의하게 높았다. 반면, 산모의 교육수준, 종교, 직업의 유무, 임신과 출산에 따른 직업중단 희망임신 여부 분만방법 수유방법, 유아의 입원여부, 그리고 기대했던 유아의 성별 및 실제 유아의 성별은 우울증상에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 볼 때 산후우울증은 산후에 비교적 높은 빈도로 발생 가능하며, 우울증의 과거력, 임신동안 우울과 불안증상의 경험, 스트레스 생활사, 결혼생활에 대한 낮은 만족도, 그리고 산모의 연령과 같은 요소들이 산후우울증의 위험요인이었다. 임신과 산욕기 동안 산모에 대하여 적절히 정신의학적으로 개입함으로서 조기에 산후우울증을 발견하고 치료할 수 있으며, 산후우울증으로 인하여 산모와 유아에게 미치는 다양한 손실을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.223-249
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• 2005

1990년대 후반 경제위기를 경험하며, 우리나라에서 실업의 문제에 대한 사회적 관심과 더불어 실업자의 재취업 가능성에 대한 연구가 지속되고 있다. 재취업과 관련된 기존의 연구들은 인적자본이론을 토대로 연구를 진행해 왔는데, 본 연구는 기존의 연구와는 다르게 Sen에 의해 제시된 인간능력관점을 기초로 하면서 이러한 요인의 실업자 재취업에의 영향력을 인적자본론 요인과 비교론적 차원에서 분석을 시도해 보았다. 아울러, 본 연구는 인간능력관점에서 논하는 사회적 능력 요인 중 핵심적 요인으로 간주되는 성별 차이라는 요인에 주목하면서 성별에 따라 인적자본요인과 인간능력요인이 재취업에 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구는 한국노동패널 5차년도 자료 중 연구목적에 적합한 1,871사례를 대상으로 선정하여 재취업의 위험도를 콕스회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학력, 기술수준 적합도, 근속기간 등의 인적자본이론 요인들은 기대와는 다르게 재취업의 가능성에 부적인 영향을 갖는 것으로 나타난 반면, 기초교육능력, 의료보험가입과 사회보험수혜 및 수도권거주여부 등의 인간능력요인들은 기대한 바에 일치하며 재취업에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 분석결과를 보면, 성별에 따라 각 요인들이 상이하게 재취업에 영향을 주는데 그러한 경향성이 인간능력요인에서 더욱 부각되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 재취업에 있어서 인적자본관점에서 제시되는 요인들에 대한 고려도 중요하지만, 동시에 인간능력관점에서 강조하는 사회 제도적 요인이 역시 매우 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사해 준다. 그리고 성별에 따른 비교연구 결과는 재취업 현상에 대해서 인간능력관점과 더불어 성분절적 노동시장구조에 대한 관점과 함께 이에 대해서 다양한 접근이 필요함을 시사해 준다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 실증적으로는 주로 국가단위에서 분석되었던 인간능력관점을 개인단위차원에서 분석하면서 재취업에의 영향력을 다각적인 시각에서 검증하여 인간능력개발과 관련된 사회복지적 개입의 의미를 제고시킨다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 갖는다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.147-211
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• 1995

Medication is a kind of medical service and a therapeutic nursing function which takes large portion of nursing service and requires complicated procedures. So many different medical personnel should be involved and cooporate each other in order to accomplish medication. Medication is also a vital nursing service, So nurse feels heavy responsibi lity in that she gives medication to the patient finally, so she has much responsibility if medication error is happened. Therefore it seems very important to clarify the problem of medication system and method, and find the subculture of medication situation because it may promote nursing productivity. The study was conducted to 1. Describe and interpret medication situation. 2. Find out the problem of medication system and method and on alternatives. 3. Compare the medication system and method of hospitals which are located in Seoul with object hospital Ethnographic methodology was used to study medication situation by doing participant observation and interview of health care personnel. Ten nurses and three nurse aids were interviewed. Two residents and internists, two phamacists and two accountants were also interviewed. Data was obtained and analized according to Developmental Research Sequence introduced by Spradly. On the basis of this data the results were as follows. 1. The overall flow of medication system was devided into six stage : first, checking doctor's order : second writing doctor's order, : third, transfering slip into the related departments such as account department, pharmacy : fourth, distribution of medication from pharmacy to unit : fifth, identifing medication by nurses : and finally, medicating to the patient. Behaviorors have been under a lot of stress in that they have to do much works, especially paperworks, So too much time were needed. They also have been suffered interpersonal conflicts among health care personnel and role conflicts in the process of doing medication service. 2. In the process of checking order, the problem was that too much time was required for checking order and paperwork. The more the order changes the more the paperwork is. Nurses have been suffering difficulties in calling internist in order to get bill. Even if writing down slip for medication order is doctor's job, Sometimes nurse has been expected to write slip by doctors or nurse would write slip beacuse of two much complexities and efforts for calling doctors. If the slip were incorrect, much time complicated procedures were more required for correcting it. So delay of administering drug would be resulted consequently. Drugs were delivered from pharmacy to units by delivery agent and phamacist. But because drugs were delivered without arranging room number of patient. Nurse should rearrange drugs in order of the room number So it had made waste time and effort, and Even when emergency drugs were needed, Prompt delivery of drug was not easy because of many reasons. For nurses, it took too long in the identification of the right drug. Actually nurses have heavy burden when medication error happens because nurse is the final actor who gives medication to the patient, So every three shift nurse ought to check drugs as soon as every shift begins. That's why it took too much time due to repeated confirming procedure. When nurses had to go patient room in order to give medications, there were difficulties in watching patient until the patient take medicine correctly. So it was impossible to check every patient wheather he took medicine or not especially in hectic situation. 3. There were many hospitals in Seoul which have similar medication system and method as object hospital according to the results of questionaire. This means that many hospitals have been suffering srimilar problems which were identified in object hospital. 4. Recommendations for promoting simplification of medication system and method were the following : Redesigning of slip from two pieces of paper into one : early discharge announcement system, and slip confirming through computer and controlling of period of prescreption from one day to two or three days : designing personal drug storage box for each patient and using it. If nurses follow the recommendations, they will make medication short & simple, and also have enough time of direct nursing care 5. Even though there were many difficulties in medicating patients. Medication itself has been considered as a caring among nurses because it makes rapport between nurse and patient. So nurses had better accept medication as a portion of nusing service not a original portion of phamacist. There are some limits in this research in terms of confining to only one unit of one hospital, and treating it especially in view of nurses' aspects, So further researchs should be continnued from various kmds of viewpoints of doctors, phamacists and so on. ${\cdot\cdot\cdot}$. Especially esthnographic study of computerized medication system and method seems to be followed.