• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2010

Eosin Y is used a colorant and dye but eosin Y is harmful toxic substance. In this study, the adsorption characteristics of granular activated carbon have been investigated for the adsorption of eosin dye dissolved in water. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on adsorption of eosin by a fixed amount of activated carbon have been studied in batch adsorber and fixed bed. The adsorptivity of activated carbon for eosin Y were largely improved by pH control. When the pH was 3 in the sample, the eosin Y could be removed 99% of initial concentration (10 mg/L). The adsorption equilibrium data are successfully fitted to the Freundlich isotherm equation in the temperature range from 293 to 333 K. The estimated values of k and ${\beta}$ are 19.56-134.62, 0.442-0.678, respectively. The effects of the operation conditions of the fixed bed on the breakthrough curve were investigated. When the inlet eosin Y concentration is increased from 10 to 30 mg/L, the corresponding adsorption breaktime appears to decrease from 470 to 268 min at bed height of 3 cm and a constant flow rate of 2 g/min. When the initial eosin Y flow rate is increased from 1 to 3 g/min, the corresponding adsorption breaktime appears to decrease from 272 to 140 min at bed height of 3 cm and inlet concentration of 10 mg/L. Also, breaktime increased with increasing bed height at flow rate of 2 g/min and inlet concentration of 10 mg/L. And length of adsorption zone showed similar patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-89
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• 2008

Muck (Korean traditional starch jelly) is very unique and the one of the oldest starch processing traditional food. The typical ingredients for making muck such as acorns, mungbean and buckwheat have been eaten since the new stone age or even before that era. This study was for investigation on the history of muck and its processing methods in the ancient and the modern culinary literatures from the 1400’s to 1900’s. The summary of the reviews was as follows. In the ages from the 1400’s to 1700’s, using starch powder, Se-myon and Chang-myon were made and their shape were like noodles instead of cubical shape. It was after the 1700’s that muck making methods were revealed in the literature, like ${\ulcorner}Gyeong-do-jabji{\lrcorner}$ (1730) and${\ulcorner}Go-sa-sib-e-jib{\lrcorner}$ (1737). The naming of muck might be from the time after 1800’s, in${\ulcorner}Myoung-mul-kiryak {\lrcorner}$ (around 1870) the basis of the names of Choeng-po (white mungbean jelly) and Whang-po (yellow mungbean jelly) could be found. One of the most well-known muck dish, Tang-pyeong-chae, was recorded many old literatures, so it was found that Tang-pyeong-chae was very popular and governmental policy of Tang-pyeong-chak influenced the food of the common people. In ${\ulcorner}Shi-eui-jeon-seo{\lrcorner}$ (late 1800’s) there were records of several types of muck and starch powder making methods in detail which were handed down to the modern ages.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.77-87
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• 2022

Previous literatures have provided growing evidence regarding the impact of leadership in enhancing follower creativity. Despite these ample evidences, a noticeable omission in this body of study is entrepreneurial leadership. The present study extends leadership·creativity research by developing a mediation-moderation model and investigating the key roles that innovation climate and psychological empowerment may play in the mechanism between entrepreneurial leadership and followers' individual creativity. Using a data of 161 SME's members, the results show that: (a) followers' psychological empowerment positively mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and individual creativity; (b) the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on followers' psychological empowerment through innovation climate is high (in other words, innovation climate positively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and followers' psychological empowerment). This study gain more comprehensive insight of individual creativity and leader's entrepreneurial leadership, to foster more creative venture organizations. The findings of this study make several important implications to present venture·leadership·creativity knowledge. Future studies should examine a broad range of mediating or moderating processes through which context for innovation effects positively on individual creativity. Therefore, additional study is needed to test if the results of this research can be generalized across industry·firm types.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Content is now recognized as a key resource to sustain competitive advantage in the OTT market and for e-commerce companies. Coupang is pursuing a content growth strategy to maximize the lock-in effect that binds consumers to the subscription economy and its ecosystem. Given this background, this study aims to explain Coupang's content growth momentum through a case study method and examine Coupang's content strategy in detail. Based on this, this study describes Coupang's content growth strategy in detail and confirms that Coupang differentiates its content from the competition by focusing on sports and low prices to build a lock-in effect in the subscription economy. As a result, we can summarize that the purpose of Coupang's content strategy is to build a lock-in effect for the subscription economy based on content differentiation focused on sports, a bundle strategy linked to e-commerce, and a low-cost strategy. This study contributes to the field of venture creation research by carefully analyzing how Coupang grew from a venture firm to a Decacorn corporation and developed the influence of its content in a completely different industry, and systematically explains the importance of content strategy in strengthening the lock-in effect for the subscription economy. Future research should compare the impact of content strategy of venture and startups in the contents industry to broaden the scope of research in the field and suggest deeper lessons learned.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2024

The South Korean marine industry is emerging as a significant market, driven by the growing popularity of various water leisure activities, including sailing. This trend suggests a rising demand for sailing yachts. Consequently, since 2022, the design and development of a 28ft sailing yacht have been ongoing, supported by the government and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, to promote yachting culture in South Korea. The Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) analysis was conducted using WinDesign during the preliminary design stage to evaluate performance and determine design parameters. The hydrodynamic model used for this vessel is based on regression methods developed from years of experience in naval architecture and yacht research at the Wolfson Unit, providing reliable estimates for most modern yachts. However, owing to the lack of specific hydrodynamic data from towing tank tests or CFD numerical analysis, verification of the hydrodynamic model has faced some challenges. Additionally, an incomplete weight estimate resulted in variable VCG values, potentially affecting stability and overall performance. The optimal boat speed for this vessel was determined at true wind speeds (TWS) of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 knots, using both the jib (up to 120° TWA) and the spinnaker (from 80° TWA). The optimized speed of the yacht was found to be comparable to that of international similar-class yachts.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

This research were performed to evaluate co-incineration characteristics of sewage sludge and industrial waste in rotary kiln incinerator, and provide the fundamental data. Plastic portion (42.55%) in this industrial waste showed over 3 times higher than that (11.92%) of paper. Korean proximate analysis of the waste mixed with sewage sludge and industrial waste (3 : 7, volumetric basis) showed 16.3% of moisture, 70.5% of volatile solids, and 13.2% of ash, respectively. Low heating value of the mixed waste was 4,513kcal/kg. So it was thought that the mixed waste of sewage sludge and industrial waste (containing 43% of plastics and 12% papers) has enough heating value for co-incineration. The incineration of mixed waste showed the lowest SOx and NOx concentrations at $700^{\circ}C$. However, the operation at $950^{\circ}C$ was feasible in considering dioxin and the other hazardous gases. It was concluded that use of $Ca(OH)_2$ should be under investigation for the operation at $950^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.190-196
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• 2015

We evaluated the morphological characteristics in 100 super sweet corn inbred lines, which were developed to breeding super sweet corn variety at Gyeongsangbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, by examining six quantitative and two qualitative characteristics. On the result of evaluation of two qualitative traits, most of inbred lines showed yellow (91 inbred lines) at seed color (QL1) and weak (68 inbred lines) at seedling vigor (QL2). In the survey of six quantitative traits, the average value for each trait indicated as follows: days of tasseling (QN1, 41.0 to 55.0 days), days of silking (QN2, 44.0 to 59.0 days), anthesis-silking interval (QN3, 2.0 to 7.0 days), tillering (QN4, 0.0 to 2.0), plant height (QN5, 96.0 to 187.0 cm) and ear height (QN6, 30.0 to 86.0 cm). In PCAs (principal component analysis) for 8 morphological characteristics, seedling vigor (QL2) and tillering (QN4) greatly contributed in negative direction and the days of tasseling (QN1) and days of silking (QN2) greatly contributed in positive direction on the first principal component. While, ear height (QN6) and plant height (QN5) contributed in positive direction on the second principal component. Thus these morphological traits, which were greatly contributed in the first and second principal components, might be considered to be useful for discrimination in 100 super sweet corn inbred lines. In our study, the results of morphological variation and PCAs for 100 super sweet corn inbred lines will be helpful for super sweet corn breeding programs such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.214-223
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• 2006

For better management of micronutrients in crop cultivation, the availability of micronutrients in the soils must be updated and evaluated as a first step. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of micronutrients in soils of plastic film houses. Total 396 soil samples were collected from the plastic film houses of various crops in Yeongnam province (strawberry, 96; red pepper, 66; tomato, 74; oriental melon, 97; cucumber, 63). Total and available contents of B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the soils were determined. Available B was extracted with hot water and available Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were extracted with 0.1 N HCl. Mean values of total contents of B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the plastic film house soils were 25, 32, 74, 21,316, and $420mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Total contents of micronutrients in the plastic film house soils were similar to those found in the open fields nearby, while they were different among the locations investigated. Mean contents extractable B, Cu, and Zn in the plastic film house soils were 2.1, 7.5, and $35mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The contents of extractable B, Cu, and Zn in the plastic film house soils were higher than those found in the open fields nearby with exceptions of B in soils of strawberry and Cu in soils of red pepper and oriental melon. However, mean contents of extractable Fe and Mn in the plastic film house soils were 156 and $146mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, and the mean content of extractable Fe was much lower than that found in open fields nearby. The contents of extractable Zn, Fe, and Mn were higher than the sufficient levels for the crop requirements in most of the plastic film house soils investigated. Contents of extractable Cu in most soils of strawberry, tomato and cucumber cultivations were higher than the sufficient level. However, extractable Cu contents were below the sufficient level in about 30% of investigated soils of red pepper and oriental melon cultivation. Soils containing higher contents of extractable B than the sufficient level were relatively fewer in comparison to the other micronutrients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 2015

Berry fruits are rich in phytochemicals, including polyphenols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and organic acids, which are known to have beneficial effects on health. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical composition, functional constituents, and antioxidant activities of mulberry, black raspberry, raspberry, and blueberry cultivated in Korea. Acidity of the four berries ranged from 0.26% to 1.10%, and pH ranged from 3.3 to 5.2. Total mineral contents of the four berries ranged from 92.9 to 256.0 mg/100 g. Among the berries, mulberry contained the most abundant total free sugars, and glucose and fructose were the major sugars in the berries. Mulberry contained more than three times as much ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid as the content of the other berries. Blueberry contained more free phenolic acid than the other berries. Especially, chlorogenic acids were the major free phenolic acids in blueberry. Black raspberry had the highest amount of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids among the berries and showed the highest antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) from various geographic origins and the effects of their dietary supplementation on performance of broiler chickens. Nutritional value of dehulled SBM originating from USA, and non-dehulled SBM from India (IND), Argentina (ARG) and Korea (KOR) were evaluated by analyzing chemical composition, urease activity (UA) and KOH solubility, and determining true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true amino acid availability (TAAA). The contents of crude protein ranged from 45.43% (ARG) to 48.47% (USA) and those of crude fiber varied widely from 3.48% (USA) to 7.12% (IND). The measurements of lysine varied from 2.79% (IND) to 3.09% (USA) and those of methionine from 0.56% (IND) to 0.65% (USA). The values of TMEn varied from 2986.6 kcal/kg (IND) to 3228.9 kcal/kg (USA) and the averages of TAAA were from 91.61% (IND) to 92.27% (USA). UA was found to be from 0.02 (ARG) to 0.04 (KOR, USA) and those of KOH solubility from 73% (ARG) to 84% (USA). A total of four hundred 20-days-old male broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental diets containing 27.5% of SBM and same amounts of lysine and sulfur amino acids for 15 days. Final body weight and body weight gain were the highest in birds fed with SBM from USA and lowest in birds fed with SBM from IND although the differences were not statistically significant. The feed/gain in chicks fed diet containing SBM from USA was significantly improved (p<0.05) compared to those of the other groups. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and the concentration of total cholesterol in serum among the treatments. The results of in vitro assay and bioassay agreed with the performance of broiler chicks, and thus there were close correlation between the broiler performance and the measured nutritive values of SBM. In conclusion, dehulled SBM from USA was superior to non- dehulled SBM from ARG and IND with regard to nutritive values.