• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

High efficient and environment friendly combustion technologies are used to be operated an extreme condition, which results in unintended flame instability such as extinction and oscillation. The use of electromagnetic energy is one of methods to enhance the combustion stability and a microwave as electromagnetic wave is receiving increased attention recently because of its high performance and low-cost system. In this study, an experiment was performed with jet diffusion flames induced by microwave. Micro jet was introduced to simulate the high velocity of industrial combustor. The results show that micro jet flames had three different modes with increasing oxidizer velocity; attached yellow flame, lifted flame, and lifted partially premixed flame. As a microwave was induced to flames, the overall flame stability and blowout limit were extended with the higher microwave power. Especially the interaction between a flame and a microwave was shown clearly in the partially premixed flame, in which the lift-off height decreased and NOx emission measured in post flame region increased with increasing microwave power. It might be attributed to increase of reactivity due to the abundance of radical pool and the enhanced absorption to thermal energy.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.113-122
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• 2000

Dynamic structures of unsteady $CH_4$/Air jet diffusion flames with flame-vortex interaction were numerically investigated. A time-dependent, axisymmetric computational model was adopted for this calculation. Two step global reaction mechanism which considers 6 species, was used to calculate the reaction rates. The predicted results including gravitational effect show that the large outer vortices and the small inner vortex street can be well simulated without any additional disturbances in the downstream of nozzle tip. It was found that the temperature and species concentrations had various values for the same mixture fraction in flame-vortex interaction region. This unsteady jet flame configuration accompanying flame-vortex interaction is expected to give good implications for the structure of turbulent flames.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1999

A theoretical study on the turbulent round jet diffusion flame impinging on the wall was carried out to predict the characteristics and structure of Impinging jet flame and heat transfer to the wall. Finite chemistry via Arrhenius equation and eddy dissipation model was adopted as a combustion model, and the Favre averaging and $k-{\varepsilon}$ model were Introduced In the theoretical modeling. The SIMPLE algorithm was applied to the calculation. All the transport properties were considered as the variable depending on the temperature and composition. For the parametric study, the distance from nozzle to impinging wall and Reynolds number at nozzle exit were chosen 88 the major parameters. As the results of the present study, the characteristics of flow fields, the distributions of main variables and each chemical species and the flame shapes were obtained. The heat transfer rate from the flame to the wall and the effective heating area were calculated to investigate the Influences of the major parameters on the heat transfer characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.34-41
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• 2005

Hydrogen safety is one of the key technical issue with growing attention on utilization of hydrogen energy. This study is aimed to predict behavior of momentum-controlling buoyant jet and flame caused by hydrogen leakage from a high pressured tank. Approximate solutions were derived for the case of turbulent buoyant jet and diffusion flame in still air. In case of hydrogen jet with low Froude number (100-4000), computed jet trajectories were compared with experimental data and showed good agreement with them. Jet and flame trajectories and flame length of hydrogen are predicted and compared with the buoyant flame of propane. The results well show that buoyancy is dominant in the range of low Froude number, while initial momentum is dominant in the range of high Froude number. That effect is more distinct for hydrogen flame than the case of propane.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

Hydrogen safety is one of the key technical issue with growing attention on utilization of hydrogen energy. This study is aimed to predict behavior of momentum-controlling buoyant jet and flame caused by hydrogen leakage from a high pressured tank. Approximate solutions were derived for the case of turbulent buoyant jet and diffusion flame in still air. In case of hydrogen jet with low Froude number (100-4000), computed jet trajectories were compared with experimental data and showed good agreement with them. Jet and flame trajectories and flame length of hydrogen are predicted and compared with the buoyant flame of propane. The results well show that buoyancy is dominant in the range of low Froude number, while initial momentum is dominant in the range of high Froude number. That effect is more distinct for hydrogen flame than the case of propane.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.155-164
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• 1998

Numerical analysis was performed with multicomponent transport properties and detailed reaction mechanisms for axisymetric 2-D CH4 jet diffusion, partial premixed, premixed flame. Calculations were carried out twice with C2-Full Mechanism including prompt NO reaction in addition to the above C2-Thermal NO Mechanism. The role of thermal NO mechanism and prompt NO mechanism on each flame's NO production is investigated by using the numerical result. The NOx production of each flame were evaluated Quantitatively in terms of the NOx emission index

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2009

Characteristics of a counter flowing diffusion flame, which is formulated by an oppositely-injected methane-jet flow in a narrow channel of a uniform air flow. The location of the flame fronts and the flame lengths were compared by changing the flow rates of fuel. To distinguish the effects of the narrow channel on the diffusion flame, a numerical simulation for an ideal two-dimensional flame was conducted. Overall trends of the flame behavior were similar in both numerical and experimental results. With the increase of the ratio of jet velocity to air velocity flame front moved farther upstream. It is thought that the flow re-direction in the channel suppresses fuel momentum more significantly due to the higher temperature and increased viscosity of burned gas. Actual flames in a narrow channel suffer heat loss to the ambient and it has finite length of diffusion flame in contrast to the numerical results of infinite flame length. Thus a convective heat loss was additionally employed in numerical simulation and closer results were obtained. These results can be used as basic data in development of a small combustor of a nonpremixed flame.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.9-13
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• 2010

An experimental study for characteristics of soot were conducted at the post-flame region in jet diffusion flames, where carbon dioxide was used as additives in oxidizer stream. Light-extinction method was performed using He-Ne laser with wave length at 632.8nm for the measurement of relative soot density and soot volume fraction with dimensionless extinction coefficient, $K_e$ and mass specific extinction coefficient, ${\sigma}_s$. To increase of resolution, laser light was modified for sheet-form using concave, convex lenses and slit. C/H ratio was introduced for quantitative analysis of soot growth which is expressed by carbonization and dehydrogen. Also transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used for observation of morphological shape. The results show that the relative soot density in the post-flame region was lower when carbon dioxide was added in oxidizer stream because of reduction of flame temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1087-1096
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• 2001

The dynamic structures of unsteady CH$_4$/Air jet diffusion flame with a flame-vortex interaction were numerically investigated. A timed-dependent, axisymmetric computational model and a low mach number approximation were employed in the present calculation. A two-step global reaction mechanism which considers 6 species, was used to calculate the reaction rates. The predicted results including the gravitational effect show that the large outer vortices and the small inner vortices can be well simulated without any additional disturbances near nozzle tip. It was found that the temperature and species concentrations have deviated values even for the same mixture fraction in the flame-vortex interaction region. It was also shown that the flame surface is not deformed by the inner vortex in upstream region, while in downstream region, the flame surface is compressed or stretched by the outer vortex roll-up. The present unsteady jet flame configuration accompanying a flame-vortex interaction is expected to give good implications for the unsteady structures of turbulent flames.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.578-588
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• 1992

In order to predict the effect of swirl on the structure of concentric laminar jet diffusion flame, present study examined the effect of swirl on the flame characteristics by numerical numerical analysis through theoretical model. The theoretical model has been developed for the co-axial laminar jet flame such that the fuel and air are supplying with swirl through inner and outer co-axial tube respectively. For the parametric study, swirl number, Reynolds number of fuel and air and directions of swirl are chosen as important parametes. The results of study show that the flame with width and shorter length is formed by larger swirl number. The important factor of the flame shape is the recirculating zone formed around jet axis near the exit of nozzle. In case of weak swirl, the effect of directions of swirl is not appeared. However, for the strong swirl, the flame with shorter length are appeared in case of counter-swirl compared with the case of co-swirl.