• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.567-574
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• 2021

Objective: In this study we investigated the effect of seasonal thermal stress on milk production and milk compositions between Holstein and Jersey dairy cows under the temperate-climate in Korea. Methods: A total of 9 Holstein lactating dairy cows (2.0±0.11 parity) which had a daily milk yield of 29.77±0.45 kg, and days in milk of 111.2±10.29 were selected similarly at the beginning of the experiments in each season. Also, a total of 9 Jersey lactating dairy cows (1.7±0.12 parity) which had a daily milk yield of 20.01±0.43 kg, and days in milk of 114.0±9.74 were selected similarly at the beginning of the experiments. Results: Results showed that the average ambient temperature (℃) and temperature-humidity index (THI) were higher in summer, and were lower in winter (p<0.05). The average relative humidity (RH, %) was higher in autumn than that of other seasons (p<0.05). Milk production was significantly decreased (Holstein 29.02 kg/d and Jersey 19.75 kg/d) in autumn than in other seasons (Holstein 30.14 kg/d and Jersey 20.96 kg/d). However, the milk production was negatively correlated in Holstein cows, and positively correlated in Jersey cows with THI values increased from 16 to 80. In addition, milk yield was increased by 15% in Holstein cows and decreased by 11% in Jersey cows with the THI values increased from 16 to 20. The fat and protein content percentage was significantly higher in Jersey milk than in Holstein milk, furthermore the fat and protein content yield was higher in Jersey cow milk than that of Holstein cow's milk with all THIs. Conclusion: From the study results, we concluded that Jersey cows might be less adaptable to low temperature of the winter, and this would have a negative impact on dairy farmer income since Korea's milk price estimation system places a higher value on milk yield than on milk compositions or sanitary grades.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2018

본 연구는 고창증 발병으로 폐사된 저지종 젖소의 반추위액과 캐놀라가 장착한 저지종 젖소의 반추위액을 샘플링하여 반추위 내 미생물 균총의 급작스런 변화에 따른 반추위 발효와 고창증 발병간에 연관성을 알아보고자 진행되었다. 채취한 반추위액 샘플은 PowerMax Soil DNA Isolation Kit (MO BIO Inc., CA, USA)를 이용하여 DNA를 추출한 후 PicoGreen (Turner BioSystems, Inc., CA, USA)과 Nanodrop spectrophotometer (ND-1000, NanoDrop Technologies Inc., DE, USA)를 이용하여 260/280 nm와 260/230 nm 흡광도 값을 측정하였다. DNA를 정량분석하고 $MiSeq^{TM}$ platform (Illumina, CA, USA)을 이용한 장내 미생물 균총의 다양성 분석을 마크로젠(Macrogen Inc., Seoul)에 의뢰하여 실시하였다. 반추위액 내 미생물 균총 분석 결과, 전분 분해균의 경우 고창증 발병으로 인한 폐사우의 반추위 내에서 R. bromii가 우점 하였으며, R. bromii, B. pseudolongum, B. merycicum 및 B. fibrisolvens 등과 같은 전분 분해균들이 정상우 대비 36배 높았다. 반면 반추위 발효와 밀접한 관련이 있는 F. succinogenes, R. albus 및 R. flavefaciens 등과 같은 대표적인 섬유소 분해균 비율은 정상우에서 고창증 발병으로 인한 폐사우 대비 12배 높았다. 이와 같은 결과를 볼 때, 반추위 내 균총 가운데 R. bromii, B. pseudolongum, B. merycicum 및 B. fibrisolvens 등과 같은 전분 분해균들의 급격한 증가가 반추위 내 pH 저하 및 가스 생성 증가를 초래했고 이는 저지종 젖소의 고창증 발병으로 인한 폐사와 밀접한 연관이 있었을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2013

This study was conducted among 120 different breed cows at selected areas of Sirajgonj district from March to July 2010 to compare the reproductive performance of crossbred and Desi cows at farmer's level. The results showed that the average daily milk yield of Desi, Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi, Friesian ${\times}$ Desi and Jersey ${\times}$ Desi cows was $2.3{\pm}0.2$, $4.9{\pm}0.9$, $6.0{\pm}1.0$ and $5.7{\pm}0.9$ liters, respectively. The milk yield of crossbred cows ($5.5{\pm}0.6$ liters/day) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than Desi cows ($2.3{\pm}0.2$ liters/day). The average age at puberty of Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi, Friesian ${\times}$ Desi and Jersey ${\times}$ Desi was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of Desi breed. The crossbred cows had significantly (p<0.01) lower pubertal age ($20.4{\pm}1.2$) than Desi ($25.9{\pm}1.1$). The age at first calving in Desi cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher ($37.6{\pm}1.1$ months) than crossbred cows ($31.2{\pm}1.3$ months). The average gestation length of Desi, Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi, Friesian ${\times}$ Desi and Jersey ${\times}$ Desi was $289.9{\pm}1.4$, $285.0{\pm}0.0$, $285.0{\pm}4.2$ and $282.1{\pm}2.4$ days, respectively. It is suggested that the overall reproductive performance of Friesian ${\times}$ Desi, Jersey ${\times}$ Desi and Shahiwal ${\times}$ Desi cows were better than that of Desi cow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.321-323
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• 1995

Observations were recorded regarding various fertility parameters on 26 Jersey donor cows following superovulation under tropical conditions. These cows, in their mid-luteal phase were treated with 2,500-3,000 i.u. PMSG or 28-40 mg FSH followed by $500{\mu}g$ $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ injection 48-60 hours later, to induce oestrus. The cows were bred artificially twelve hours following standing oestrus. Embryo collection was carried out 7 days after oestrus. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ was injected to each donor cow after embryo recovery to regress the corpora lutea. Fertility data($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-Oestrus interval, services per conception, days between embryo collection and successful service and any pathololgical condition) were recorded. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-Oestrus interval and correlation (r) between number of corpora lutea and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-Oestrus interval were $30.9{\pm}6.3$ and 0.17, respectively. Of 26 treated donors, 19 conceived within a period of $91.7{\pm}18.8$ days after embryo recovery. Average services per conception were $2.3{\pm}0.3$. Only two cows developed metritis which conceived after treatment with antibiotics. These observations indicated no profound adverse effect of superovulation on subsequent reproduction of donor cows, except some effect on services per conception, under tropical conditions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.565-576
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• 2020

Recently, Jersey cattle was introduced and produced by embryo transfer to Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the differences of milk compositions between Jersey and Holstein cows and the relationship between days in milk (DIM) and milk compositions during early lactation. Data were collected from twelve lactating cows from Department of Animal Resources Development at National Institute of Animal Science. Cows in parity 1 were used, and calved at spring from April to March of 2017. All cows were housed in two sections within a free-stall barn, which divided into six from each breed, and received a basal total mixed ration. Milk samples of each cow were collected at 3 DIM and 30 DIM for analyzing the milk compositions, including fatty acids (FA), amino acids and minerals. Total solids, citrate, and milk urea nitrogen level were differed between the breeds (p < 0.05). As DIM went from 3 to 30, milk protein, total solids, and somatic cell count decreased (p < 0.05), but lactose increased in all breed milk (p < 0.05). Citrate and free fatty acid (FFA) elevated in Jersey milk (p < 0.05), whereas reduced in Holstein milk (p < 0.05). Proportions of some individual FA varied from the breeds. Myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) in milk from all cows were higher at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Also, stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were lower at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05), and the C18:1 to C18:0 ratio was significantly differed in DIM × breed interactions (p < 0.05). The contents of the individual amino acids did not differ from the breeds. Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and zinc (Zn) contents was significantly increased in Holstein milk than Jersey milk at 3 DIM. Also, K and Zn concentrations were higher in Holstein milk than in Jersey milk at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). It was concluded that Jersey cows would produce more effective milk in processing dairy products and more proper energy status compared with Holstein cows in early lactation under the same environmental and nutritional conditions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

Depression is a kind of mood disorder characterized by decline in motivation, interest, attention, mental activity, and appetite. Although depression is caused by a variety of causes, including genetic, endocrine and environmental stress, mild depression has been reported to improve with diet. Therefore, various type of food sources including functional and nutritional supplement are required to treat the depressive patients. Cheese contains bioactive peptides that have beneficial effects on host health. In particular, Jersey milk has been reported to contain higher solids than does Holstein milk. This study investigated the effects of Gouda cheese from Jersey and Holstein milk on chronic, unpredictable, mildly stressed (CUMS) mice. Here, spontaneous alterations in cheese-fed stressed mice were noted to be effectively recovered with statistical significance regardless cow species. Interestingly, for the analysis of fecal microbiota, Bacteroidetes were noted to increase with a reduction in Firmicutes at the phylum level with Jersey cheese. Taken together, we suggest that cheese intake provided a beneficial effect on stressed mice in recovering recognition ability. In particular, changes in internal microbiota were observed, suggesting that the bioactive ingredients in cheese act as improvement agents with respect to mood and brain function.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.528-530
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• 2002

The study was designed to evaluate the seasonal influences on cross-bred cow milk composition and paneer yield in Dhauladhar mountain range of sub-himalayan region. Fifty samples from each season were collected from a herd of $Jersey{\times}Red\;Sindhi{\times}Local$ cross-bred cows during summer (April-June), rainy (July-September) and winter (November-February) and analyzed for fat, total solids (TS) and solids not fat (SNF). Paneer was prepared by curdling milk at $85{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with 2.5 per cent citric acid solution. Overall mean for fat, TS and SNF content of milk and paneer yield were 4.528, 13.310, 8.754 and 15.218 per cent respectively. SNF and TS content varied among seasons being highest in winter (8.983% and 13.639%) followed by summer (8.835% and 13.403%) and lowest in rainy season (8.444% and 12.888%). Paneer yield was lowest (14.792%) in rainy season and highest (15.501%) in winter season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.1070-1074
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• 1999

Growth and feeding studies were conducted to determine effects of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKOM) on growth performance (as protein efficiency), and milk production and composition. In the growth study, 24 individually fed Karayaka lambs (4 mo. and 25.55 kg LW) were used to determine protein efficiency calculated using the Slope Ratio Technique. In the feeding trial, 4 Jersey cows were arranged in $4{\times}4$ Latin squares experiment to measure effects of diets containing HKOM, soybean meal (SBM) corn gluten meal (CGU) and urea (U) on milk production and composition. Protein efficiencies for HKOM, SBM and CGM were found as $1.342{\pm}0.499$, $0.879{\pm}0.488$ and $1.833{\pm}0.893$, respectively. Milk production for the cows consuming concentrates, containing HKOM, SBM, CGM and U, were $13.97{\pm}0.99$, $13.20{\pm}1.09$, $14.86{\pm}0.68 $ and $13.06{\pm}1.23kg/d$ (p<0.01), respectively. There were no differences (p>0.05) among diets for milk protein content were statistically different (p<0.05), although milk DM and fat percentage as well as milk solids-not-fat and lactose percentage (p<0.01). The highest DM intake was associated with the U diet, intake was intermediate with the SBM and HKOM diets, and the lowest with CGM diet (p<0.05). In conclusion, there data may indicate that the HKOM is useful in diets as a protein source for growing ruminants and lactating cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.470-474
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• 1998

Data on the first lactation performance traits of $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses covering the period from 1972 to 1995 of a total of 803 dairy cows of three genetic grades maintained at Livestock Production Research Farm, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar were analysed. Three genetic grades were 1/2 Friesian + 1/2 Hariana (FH), 1/2 Friesian + 1/4 Brown Swiss and 1/4 Hariana (FBH) and 1/2 Friesian+ 1/4 Jersey + 1/4 Hariana (FJH). Age at first calving increased by 7% and 8% in $F_2$ and $F_3$, respectively, over the $F_1$ in FH. The reduction in age at first calving at $F_2$ and $F_3$ levels by 2-7% over the $F_1$ was observed in FBH and FJH. The lactation milk yield of $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses was $1,943{\pm}100.3$, $2202{\pm}120.5$ and $1,925{\pm}123.2kg$ in FH; $2,014{\pm}76.7$, $2,264{\pm}91.5$ and $2,096{\pm}123.9kg$ in FBH and $2,005{\pm}87.0$, $2,414{\pm}94.4$ and $2,093{\pm}121.1kg$ in FJH, respectively. The lactation milk yield improved by 12-20% in $F_2$ crosses in various genetic grades. The performance of $F_1$ was, however, maintained in FH $F_3$ crosses, it improved by 4% in FBH and FJH $F_3$ crosses. The lactation lengths and calving intervals were nearly the same for $F_1$, $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses in FH while lactation lengths and calving intervals were reduced by 3-11% in $F_2$ and $F_3$ crosses in FBH and FJH genetic grades. The milk yield/day of lactation length and milk yield/day of calving interval increased by 16-35% in $F_2$ and 2-14% in $F_3$ over the $F_1$ in various genetic grades. It is recommended that a sufficiently large effective population size of these three genetic grades be maintained by inter se matings and rigorous selection of sires so for developing a genetic base population for new breed development.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to report prevalence and to identify risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Among 325 dairy farms of the district 12 farms(3.7%) were selected conveniently for this study. All the dairy cows of the 12 farms were selected for sample collection. Fresh milk samples from each of the selected dairy cows were collected aseptically in separate sterilized test tube as RF, RH, LF and LH quarter of the udder. Rapid modified White Side Test(WST) was used to detect subclinical mastitis(SCM). Results of WST and data derived from filled in questionnaire were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled(Stata Corporation, Texas, USA, 2003). The overall prevalence of SCM and its distribution in different categories of variables in cow and their exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated in $STATA^{(R)}$. Simple bivariable associations among independent variables were investigated by $x^2$ test in $STATA^{(R)}$. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination method was used to identify risk factors of SCM. To identify significant variation in quarter SCM, linear regression analysis was performed after arcsine transformation of the data. The overall prevalence of SCM found in this study is 54%. Dairy cows with teat lesions had significantly increased SCM(OR=12342, P value=0.000, 95% CI=762, 199798) than others without teat lesions. The Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwal breed has significantly decreased(OR=0.18, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.04, 0.85) SCM than other breeds. The prevalence of SCM found in this study is in agreement with others. The injury in the teat increases the probability of getting infected with microbes and thereby mastitis. If the prevalence of teat lesion can be decreased the probability of subclinical mastitis will also be decreased. The negatively associated Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwall breed may help in planning mastitis control program if this finding can be validated by a more powerful case-control or cohort study design.