• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.142-161
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• 2009

Objectives: There are many unknowns surrounding Jeong-Jo's death. To better understand Jeong-Jo's death, we closely inspected his medical records from the 20 days before his death in The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) and Seungjeongwon Ilgi (承政院日記), Understanding medical treatment before death, we can correctly trace the cause of Jeong-Jo's death. Methods: According to The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) and Seungjeongwon Ilgi (承政院日記), we examined his medical records between June 14 and June 28 of 1800, as to the change in chief complaint, cold and heat, thirst, syndrome differentiation, the opinions of Jeong-Jo, and the opinions of doctors, The original work, The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty and Seungjeongwon Ilgi were provided by NIKH (The National Institute of Korean History). The Korean translation of The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty was also provided by NIKH. Seungjeongwon Ilgi (original work written in Chinese characters) was directly translated into Korean by the study author. Results: 1. Jeong-Jo's is likely to have died of septicemia caused by an abscess on his back. 2. The cause of Jeong-Jo's death could be stroke due to hypertension, mental stress, and 'Wha (火) disease' Conclusions: The dominant view that Jeong-Jo was murdered by poison is not likely.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2009

1. Objectives Jeong-Jo's death has many mistery. So we understand rightly Jeong-Jo's death. we inspect closely medical records of 20 days before death(in The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Hong Je Jun Se(弘齋全書)， GukSoBoGam(國朝寶鑑). We understand medical treatment before death. It is based on Jeong-Jo's Constitution. So we trace the cause of a Jeong-Jo's death rightly. 2. Methods According to The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Hong Je Jun Se(弘齋全書) GukSoBoGam(國朝寶鑑). We found out Jeoung-Jo's Sasang constitutional elemet. We point on Jeoung-Jo's nature and emotion, temperament and talent, features and way of speaking, physical appearance, healthy state, ordinary symptom, pathological syndromes and pharmacology. so documentary records was worthy of notice. 3. Results and conclusions 1. Jeong-Jo has prominent cheekbones,flat face. It belong to Tae-eum. 2. Jeong-Jo's physical appearance is mild,around,large. It belong ro Tae-eum. 3. Jeong-Jo's favorite food and herb were belong to Tae-eum interior febrile disease herb. which is Exhale Dispersing Qi 4. So even though Jeoung-Jo is Tae-eum, He had a weak body. It main cause that Smoking, insomnia, heave work, Hwa disease. 5. Jeong-Jo's is Interior febrile disease induced form the liver affected by heat in Tae-eumin

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2015

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disability caused by a decrease of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the etiology of PD is not clear, oxidative stress is believed to lead to PD. Catalase is antioxidant enzyme which plays an active role in cells as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Thus, we investigated whether PEP-1-Catalase protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) induced SH-SY5Y neuronal cell death and in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-trtrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced PD animal model. PEP-1-Catalase transduced into SH-SY5Y cells significantly protecting them against MPP⁺-induced death by decreasing ROS and regulating cellular survival signals including Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, and p38. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that transduced PEP-1-Catalase markedly protected against neuronal cell death in the SN in the PD animal model. Our results indicate that PEP-1-Catalase may have potential as a therapeutic agent for PD and other oxidative stress related diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(7): 395-400]

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.306-314
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• 2003

목적: K562 세포의 방사선에 의한 세포 사망은 mitotic catastrophe 현상이 위주로 나타나지만 herbimycin A (HMA)에 의하여 apoptosis 반응이 촉진되는 반면 genisteln에 의하여 두 가지 형태의 세포사망이 모두 억제된다. 본 연구에서는 HMA와 genistein에 의한 K562세포의 방사선 유도 세포주기 조절 변화와 세포 사망 양상의 연관성을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 지수증식기의 KS62 세포에 6 MV 선형가속기(Clinac 1,m C, Varian)를 이용하여 200~300 cGy/min의 선량률로 10 Gy를 균일하게 조사하였다. HMA와 genistein은 각각 250 nM와 25$\mu$M농도로 방사선 조사 후 즉시 투여하였다. 실험에서는 세포주기, 오절인자의 발현 및 활성, 노화 및 분화정도 등에 있어서의 시간에 따른 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: 방사선 단독조사에서 KS62세포는 G2기의 정체를 보였으나 정상적인 053을 가지는 세포와는 달리 지속적인 세포주기의 정체를 보이지 않았다. G2정체가 유지되는 동안 cyclin Bl의 점진적인 증가를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이는 염색체의 복제가 완료되지 않은 상태에서 M기로 진행하여 미성숙한 염색체 응축과 mitotic catastrophe 현상이 나타나는 것과 일치한다. 방사선 조사와 함께 HMA를 투여한 경우에는 G2정체가 빠르게 해소되었으며 동시에 Gl기에서 세포가 정체되는 양상을 보였다. 세포주기 조절인자 cdc2 kinase 활성 증가와 cyclln I와 A 발현 및 CDK2 활성의 감소 등의 현상으로 설명되며, 이는 apoptosis의 증가와 연관성을 갖는다. 반면 genistein의 경우에는 cyclin Bl과 떨cfsc 발현 및 cdc2활성이 모두 감소하는 등 G2정체를 계속 유지하였다. 이와 함께 방사선에 의한 노화와 megakaryocyte로의 분화도 지속되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 결론: HMA와 genistein에 의한 KS62세포의 방사선 유도 세포사망의 변화는 세포주기 조절과 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 다양한 방사선 유도 세포사망의 기전을 이해하는 데 독창적인 모델을 제공하며, 방사선을 이용한 암 치료법의 개발에 새로운 표적을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.2993-2999
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• 2014

Saccharina japonica is a family member of Phaeophyceae (brown macro-alga) and extensively cultivated in China, Japan and Korea. Here, the potential anti-cancer effect of n-hexane fraction of S. japonica was evaluated in SK-Hep1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The N-hexane fraction reduced cell viability and increased the numbers of apoptotic cells in a both dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was activated by both caspase-dependent and independent pathways. The caspase-dependent cell death pathway is mediated by cell surface death receptors and activated caspase-8 amplified the apoptotic signal either through direct activation of downstream caspase-3 or pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax and Bak) subsequently leading to the release of cytochrome c. On the other hand, caspase-independent apoptosis appeared mediated by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and translocation of AIF to the nucleus where they induced chromatin condensation and/or large-scale DNA fragmentation. In addition, the n-hexane fraction induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and cell cycle arrest. The results suggested that potential anti-cancer effects of n-hexane extract from S. japonica on SK-Hep1 cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2020

Objectives: Oleanolic acid, a minor element of ginsenosides, and its derivatives have been shown to have cytotoxicity against some tumor cells. The impact of cytotoxic effect of oleanolic acid 3-acetate on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and endometrial cancer HEC-1A cells were examined both in vivo and in vitro to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Cytotoxic effects of oleanolic acid 3-acetate were assessed by cell viability, phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface, mitochondrial release of cytochrome C, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor, depolarization of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (∆Ψ_m), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vivo inhibition of tumor growth was also assessed with xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Results: Oleanolic acid 3-acetate exhibited potent cytotoxicity toward SKOV3 and HEC-1A cells by decreasing cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, oleanolic acid 3-acetate effectively suppressed the growth of SKOV3 cell tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, oleanolic acid 3-acetate induced apoptotic cell death as revealed by loss of ∆Ψ_m, release of cytochrome c, and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor with a concomitant activation of many proapoptotic cellular components including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Bcl-2, and caspases-8, caspase-3, and caspase-7. Oleanolic acid 3-acetate, however, caused a decrease in ROS production, suggesting the involvement of an ROS-independent pathway in oleanolic acid 3-acetate-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 and HEC-1A cells. Conclusion: These findings support the notion that oleanolic acid 3-acetate could be used as a potent anticancer supplementary agent against ovarian and endometrial cancer. Oleanolic acid 3-acetate exerts its proapoptotic effects through a rather unique molecular mechanism that involves an unconventional ROS-independent but mitochondria-mediated pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.382-387
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• 2016

Reactive oxygen species generated under oxidative stress are involved in neuronal diseases, including ischemia. Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) is a member of the GST family and is known to play important roles in cell survival. We investigated the effect of GSTpi against oxidative stress-induced hippocampal HT-22 cell death, and its effects in an animal model of ischemic injury, using a cell-permeable PEP-1-GSTpi protein. PEP-1-GSTpi was transduced into HT-22 cells and significantly protected against H2O2-treated cell death by reducing the intracellular toxicity and regulating the signal pathways, including MAPK, Akt, Bax, and Bcl-2. PEP-1-GSTpi transduced into the hippocampus in animal brains, and markedly protected against neuronal cell death in an ischemic injury animal model. These results indicate that PEP-1-GSTpi acts as a regulator or an antioxidant to protect against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Our study suggests that PEP-1-GSTpi may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemia and a variety of oxidative stress-related neuronal diseases.

• 식물병연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2024

Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum은 토양과 물에서 오랫동안 생존하고, 가지과 작물에 심각한 풋마름병을 일으키는 식물병원세균이다. Simga S는 세균의 스트레스 환경에서 반응 또는 정지기 동안 유전자 발현을 조절하는 RNA 중합효소 복합체의 일부인 단백질이다. 본 연구는 스트레스 조건에서 R.pseudosolanacearum의 sigma S의 역할을 조사하기 위해서, R.pseudosolanacearum의 GMI1000 균주의 sigma S를 암호화하는 rpoS 유전자 변이체를 준비하여 야생형 균주와 세균의 특징을 비교하였다. 아울러 rpoS 유전자 역할은 원래 유전자를 변이체에 도입하여 rpoS 유전자 표현형 회복을 확인하였다. 야생형 균주와 rpoS 결여 변이체는 생장 속도, 외피다당류 생산, 식물체에서 병원성, 식물 세포벽 분해 효소 활성에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 야생형 균주는 영양분결핍 조건에서 변이체보다 더 민감하게 반응하였고 과산화수소가 첨가된 조건에서 변이체보다 덜 민감하게 반응하였다. 흥미롭게도 영양분결핍 조건에서 rpoS 결여 변이체에서는 장기간 생균수를 유지하지만, 같은 조건에서 야생형 균주 생균수는 빠르게 감소하였다. 그리고 두 균주 배양액 pH를 측정한 결과, 야생형 균주와 변이체 간에 상당한 차이가 나타났다. 야생형 균주는 생장하면서 빠르게 배지의 pH가 감소하여 산성화되었다. 그러므로 야생형 균주의 빠른 사멸은 배지가 산성화되면서 정지기 상태 세균의 산성 pH에 대한 민감도 때문일 것이다. Biolog 분석으로 rpoS 변이체는 acetic acid, D-alanine, D-trehalose, L-histidine을 이용하지 못함을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 R. pseudosolanacearum 세균의 sigma S가 영양분결핍 조건에서 정지기 동안 유기산 생산 또는 이용을 조절하며 정지기 세포사멸도 조절하는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.17.1-17.7
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• 2016

Background: The Sapsaree (Canis familiaris) is a Korean native dog that is very friendly, protective, and loyal to its owner, and is registered as a natural monument in Korea (number: 368). To investigate large-scale gene expression profiles and identify the genes related to exercise-induced stress in the Sapsaree, we performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing and analyzed gene expression patterns before and after exercise performance. Results: We identified 525 differentially expressed genes in ten dogs before and after exercise. Gene Ontology classification and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the genes were mainly involved in metabolic processes, such as programmed cell death, protein metabolic process, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and cation binding in cytoplasm. The ten Sapsarees could be divided into two groups based on the gene expression patterns before and after exercise. The two groups were significantly different in terms of their basic body type ($p{\leq}0.05$). Seven representative genes with significantly different expression patterns before and after exercise between the two groups were chosen and characterized. Conclusions: Body type had a significant effect on the patterns of differential gene expression induced by exercise. Whole-transcriptome sequencing is a useful method for investigating the biological characteristics of the Sapsaree and the large-scale genomic differences of canines in general.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2011

Background: Elderly patients with progressive dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are more and more often scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for various pathologies including dental problem. But, there is high risk of deterioration of underlying mental diseases and other co-morbidities. So it is important to implement preventive strategies and take adequate measures to minimize negative perioperative events in these patients. Methods: We reviewed the 17 cases of 11 patients with AD who underwent ambulatory general anesthesia for dental treatment at the clinic for the disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The mean age was 68 (57-81) years. All of them were diagnosed with AD and some had hypertsnsion, bronchiectasis, urinary incontinence. For anesthesia induction, 3 cases (1 patient) was needed physical restraint, but others showed good or moderate cooperation. Drugs used for anesthesia induction was thiopental (11 cases), propofol (3 cases) and sevoflurane (3 cases). All patients received nasotracheal intubation without difficulties. Mean total anesthetic time was 3 hour 44 min ${\pm}$ 60 min and staying time at PACU was 83 ${\pm}$ 34 min. All the patients except one who showed hypertension discharged without any complication. There was no death or long term hospitalization because of severe complications. Conclusions: If general anesthesia is needed, pertinent diagnostic tests and workup about other medical problems, and appropriate anesthetic planning are essential for safety.