• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.569-581
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• 2023

The morphology and genetic identification of Rasbora lateristriata and Rasbora argyrotaenia between cultivated and wild populations has never been reported. This study compares morphology and cytochrome c oxidase (COI) genes between farmed and wild stock Rasbora spp. in Java and Sumatra island, Indonesia. We analyzed the truss network measurement (TNM) characters of 80 fish using discriminant function analysis statistical tests. DNA was extracted from muscle tissue of 24 fish specimens, which was then followed by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, fixation index analysis, and statistical analysis of haplotype networks. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis validated the following species: R. lateristriata and R. argyrotaenia from farming (Jogjakarta); Rasbora agryotaenia (Purworejo), R. lateristriata (Purworejo and Malang), Rasbora dusonensis (Palembang), and Rasbora einthovenii (Riau) from natural resources. Based on TNM characters, Rasbora spp. were divided into four groups, referring to four distinct characters in the middle of the body. The phylogenetic tree is divided into five clades. The genetic distance between R. argyrotaenia (Jogjakarta) and R. lateristriata (Malang) populations (0.66) was significantly different (p < 0.05). R. lateristriata (Purworejo) has the highest nucleotide diversity (0.43). R. argyrotaenia from Jogjakarta and Purworejo shared the same haplotype. The pattern of gene flow among them results from the two populations' close geographic proximity and environmental effects. R. argyrotaenia had low genetic diversity, therefore, increasing heterozygosity in cultivated populations is necessary to avoid inbreeding. Otherwise, R. lateristriata (Purworejo) had a greater gene variety that could be used to develop breeding. In conclusion, the middle body parts are a distinguishing morphometric character of Rasbora spp., and the COI gene is more heterozygous in the wild population than in farmed fish, therefore, enrichment of genetic variation is required for sustainable Rasbora fish farming.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 1997

This study is an attempt to present a usage of the Web as CAI in the classroom and to give a direction to the future education in the face of information age. Characteristcs of information society, current curriculum, educational and teacher education are first analyzed in this article. The features of internet and 'Web are then summarized to present benefits of usage in the classroom as a CAI tool. The literature shows several characteristics of information society as follows : a technological computer, a provision and sharing of information, multi functional society, a participative democracy', an autonomy, a time value..A problem solving and 4 Cs(e.g., cooperation, copying, communication, creativity) are newly needed in this learning environment. The Internet is a large collection of networks that are tied together so that users can share their vast resources, a wealth of information, and give a key to a successful, efficient. individual study over a time and space. The 'Web increases an academic achievement, a creativity, a problem solving, a cognitive thinking, and a learner's motivation through an easy access to : documents available on the Internet, files containing programs, pictures, movies, and sounds from an FTP site, Usenet newsgroups, WAIS seraches, computers accessible through telnet, hypertext document, Java applets and other multimedia browser enhancements, and much more, In the Web browser will be our primary tool in searching for information on the Internet in this information age.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2013

In Smart Education, the roles of digital textbook is very important as face-to-face media to learners. The standardization of digital textbook will promote the industrialization of digital textbook for contents providers and distributers as well as learner and instructors. In this study, the following three objectives-oriented digital textbooks are looking for ways to standardize. (1) digital textbooks should undertake the role of the media for blended learning which supports on-off classes, should be operating on common EPUB viewer without special dedicated viewer, should utilize the existing framework of the e-learning learning contents and learning management. The reason to consider the EPUB as the standard for digital textbooks is that digital textbooks don't need to specify antoher standard for the form of books, and can take advantage od industrial base with EPUB standards-rich content and distribution structure (2) digital textbooks should provide a low-cost open market service that are currently available as the standard open software (3) To provide appropriate learning feedback information to students, digital textbooks should provide a foundation which accumulates and manages all the learning activity information according to standard infrastructure for educational Big Data processing. In this study, the digital textbook in a smart education environment was referred to open digital textbook. The components of open digital textbooks service framework are (1) digital textbook terminals such as smart pad, smart TVs, smart phones, PC, etc., (2) digital textbooks platform to show and perform digital contents on digital textbook terminals, (3) learning contents repository, which exist on the cloud, maintains accredited learning, (4) App Store providing and distributing secondary learning contents and learning tools by learning contents developing companies, and (5) LMS as a learning support/management tool which on-site class teacher use for creating classroom instruction materials. In addition, locating all of the hardware and software implement a smart education service within the cloud must have take advantage of the cloud computing for efficient management and reducing expense. The open digital textbooks of smart education is consdered as providing e-book style interface of LMS to learners. In open digital textbooks, the representation of text, image, audio, video, equations, etc. is basic function. But painting, writing, problem solving, etc are beyond the capabilities of a simple e-book. The Communication of teacher-to-student, learner-to-learnert, tems-to-team is required by using the open digital textbook. To represent student demographics, portfolio information, and class information, the standard used in e-learning is desirable. To process learner tracking information about the activities of the learner for LMS(Learning Management System), open digital textbook must have the recording function and the commnincating function with LMS. DRM is a function for protecting various copyright. Currently DRMs of e-boook are controlled by the corresponding book viewer. If open digital textbook admitt DRM that is used in a variety of different DRM standards of various e-book viewer, the implementation of redundant features can be avoided. Security/privacy functions are required to protect information about the study or instruction from a third party UDL (Universal Design for Learning) is learning support function for those with disabilities have difficulty in learning courses. The open digital textbook, which is based on E-book standard EPUB 3.0, must (1) record the learning activity log information, and (2) communicate with the server to support the learning activity. While the recording function and the communication function, which is not determined on current standards, is implemented as a JavaScript and is utilized in the current EPUB 3.0 viewer, ths strategy of proposing such recording and communication functions as the next generation of e-book standard, or special standard (EPUB 3.0 for education) is needed. Future research in this study will implement open source program with the proposed open digital textbook standard and present a new educational services including Big Data analysis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop an agent-based computing platform enabling simulation of on-farm produce contamination by enteric foodborne pathogens, which is herein called PPMCS (Preharvest Produce Microbial Contamination Simulator). Also, fecal contamination of preharvest produce was simulated using PPMCS. Although Agent-based Modeling and Simulation, the tool applied in this study, is rather popular in where socio-economical human behaviors or ecological fate of animals in their niche are to be predicted, the incidence of on-farm produce contamination which are thought to be sporadic has never been simulated using this tool. The agents in PPMCS including crop, animal as a source of fecal contamination, and fly as a vector spreading the fecal contamination are given their intrinsic behaviors that are set to be executed at certain probability. Once all these agents are on-set following the intrinsic behavioral rules, consequences as the sum of all the behaviors in the system can be monitored real-time. When fecal contamination of preharvest produce was simulated in PPMCS as numbers of animals, flies, and initially contaminated plants change, the number of animals intruding cropping area affected most on the number of contaminated plants at harvest. For further application, the behaviors and variables of the agents are adjustable depending on user's own scenario of interest. This feature allows PPMCS to be utilized in where different simulating conditions are tested.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2008

Today's computing environment which is getting distributed to communicate with various systems needs dynamic inter-connectivity of the systems. MOM(Message Oriented Middleware) is popularly used for transmitting XML messages among the distributed systems for the inter-connectivity. But, they do not support event-based message routing functionalities with XML transformation for processing effective message routing, which is essential to inter-connectivity, and there is no integrated platform to cope with these requirements. Although event-based message routing and XML transformation have been studied in a wide range of computer science areas, development of message routing systems is considered as a tough job due to the technological difficulties. In order to address these requirements, we proposed a novel system, named RMRS(Rule-based Message Routing System), which supports event-based message routing as well as XML message transformation. To make the proposed system easy to use, we also redesigned ECA(Event- Condition-Action) rule to fit in our system and developed a tool to map source XML structure into target XML structure.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.443-459
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• 2013

Located on Java subduction zone, Merapi volcano is an active stratovolcano with a volcanic activity cycle of 1-5 years. Merapi's eruptions were relatively small with VEI 1-3. However, the most recent eruption occurred in 2010 was quite violent with VEI 4 and 386 people were killed. In this study, we have attempted to study the characteristics of Merapi's eruptions during 18 years using optical Landsat images. We have collected a total of 55 Landsat images acquired from July 6, 1994 to September 1, 2012 to identify pyroclastic flows and their temporal changes from false color images. To extract areal extents of pyroclastic flows, we have performed supervised classification after atmospheric correction by using COST model. As a result, the extracted dimensions of pyroclastic flows are nearly identical to the CVP monthly reports. We have converted the thermal band of Landsat TM and ETM+ to the surface temperature using NASA empirical formula and calculated time-series of the mean surface temperature in the area of peak temperature surrounding the crater. The mean surface temperature around the crater repeatedly showed the tendency to rapidly rise before eruptions and cool down after eruptions. Although Landsat satellite images had some limitations due to weather conditions, these images were useful tool to observe the precursor changes in surface temperature before eruptions and map the pyroclastic flow deposits after eruptions at Merapi volcano.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.17-29
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• 2007

Inference engine that performs the brain of software agent in next generation's web with various standards based on standard language of the web, XML has to understand SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) that is a language to express the rule in the Semantic Web. In this research, we want to develop a forward inference engine, SMART-F (SeMantic web Agent Reasoning Tools-Forward chaining inference engine) that uses SWRL as a rule express method, and OWL as a fact express method. In the traditional inference field, the Rete algorithm that improves effectiveness of forward rule inference by converting if-then rules to network structure is often used for forward inference. To apply this to the Semantic Web, we analyze the required functions for the SWRL-based forward inference, and design the forward inference algorithm that reflects required functions of next generation's Semantic Web deducted by Rete algorithm. And then, to secure each platform's independence and portability in the ubiquitous environment and overcome the gap of performance, we developed management tool of fact and rule base and forward inference engine. This is compatible with fact and rule base of SMART-B that was developed. So, this maximizes a practical use of knowledge in the next generation's Web environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.466-468
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• 1999

현재 인터넷 프로토콜인 IPv4의 주소 부족 등의 문제를 해결하기 위해 차세대 인터넷 프로토콜 IPv6에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 새로운 프로토콜 IPv6 상에서 기존의 다른 상위 프로토콜 및 응용이 어떠한 영향을 받게 될지는 의문이다. 한편, IPv6 상에서 새로운 프로토콜 및 응용을 개발할 때에 많은 시험이 요구된다. 이와 같은 이유로 인해 새로운 통신 프로토콜에 있어서 모니터링은 필수적이다. 그러나 지금까지의 많은 모니터링 라이브러리들은 텍스트에 기반하고 있으며, 그래픽 데이터를 제공하는 도구들도 대부분 통계정보의 제공에 초점을 두고 있다. 이를 두고 프로토콜이 그 표준에 따라 정확한 원리에 맞게 동작하는 지를 파악하는 데는 큰 도움이 되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대상 프로토콜의 실제적인 동작 과정이나 원리를 알 수 있도록 그래픽 기반의 사용자 친화적 모니터링 도구를 제작한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 IPv6가 다른 프로토콜에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사항들을 분석한다. 다음으로 본 교에 구축되어 있는 IPv6 호스트에 모니터링에 필요한 환경을 구축하고, Java Applet을 이용한 모니터 프로그램을 제작한다. 현재 개발하는 모니터 프로그램은 TCP의 슬라이딩 윈도우(Sliding Window) 기법에 관련된 사항을 모니터링 해주는 것으로 그 범위를 한정한다. 개발된 도구를 이용하여 IPv6 상에서 FTP가 TCP를 이용하여 파일을 전송하는 경우의 모니터링을 실시하고, 그 결과를 분석 제시한다. 이로써, 개발된사용자 친화적 모니터링 도구가 얼마나 쉽게 슬라이딩 윈도우 기법을 이해시켜 주고, 내포된 의미를 파악할 수 있게 해주는지를 알 수 있다.한 것으로 연구되었다. 정상조 직에 비해 산소가 부족하여 염기성대사(anaerobic metabolism)를 많이 함으로 그 부산물인 유산 (lactic acid)이 많이 생성됨으로 정상조직보다 pH가 낮아 암 조직이 정상조직에 비해 고온온열치료에 더 잘 듣는 원인이 된다. 3) 영양이 부족한 상태의 세포는 고온온열치료에 훨씬 예민하다. 4) 암조직은 혈관상태가 정상조직에 비해 좋지 않음으로 정상조직보다 쉽게 가온이 되며, 일단 가온된 온도는 잘 식지 않음으로 정상조직에 비해 훨씬 효율적이다. 5)고 온온열치료는 4$0^{\circ}C$~43.5 $^{\circ}C$정도에서만 이 작용이 일어남으로 정상인체에서 43$^{\circ}C$이상의 가온 은 쉽지 않음으로 이 효과는 암조직에서 주고 일어나게 된다. 6)고온온열치료는 방사선치료 후에 생기는 손상의 재생을 억제함으로 방사선의 치료효과를 높인다. 7)38.5$^{\circ}C$~41.5$^{\circ}C$의 낮 은 온도에서도 암조직의 산소 상태를 호전시켜 방사선 치료효과를 증대시키는 역할을 한다.alization)가 나타난다. 그러나 무의식에 대칭화만 있는 것은 아니며, 의식의 사고양식인 비대칭도 어느 정도 나타나며, 대칭화의 정도에 따라, 대상들이 잘 구분되어 있는 단계, 의식수준의 감정단계, 집단 내에서의 대칭화 단계, 집단간에서의 대칭화 단계, 구분이 없어지는 단계로 구분하였다.systems. We believe that this taxonomy is a significant contribution because it ad

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

One result of the trend towards globalization is an increased number of projects that focus on natural language processing. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies, for example, hold great promise in facilitating global communications and collaborations. Unfortunately, to date, most research projects focus on single widely spoken languages. Therefore, the cost to adapt a particular ASR tool for use with other languages is often prohibitive. This work takes a more general approach. We propose an International Phoneticizing Engine (IPE) that interprets input files supplied in our Phonetic Language Identity (PLI) format to build a dictionary. IPE is language independent and rule based. It operates by decomposing the dictionary creation process into a set of well-defined steps. These steps reduce rule conflicts, allow for rule creation by people without linguistics training, and optimize run-time efficiency. Dictionaries created by the IPE can be used with the speech recognition system. IPE defines an easy-to-use systematic approach that can obtained 92.55% for the recognition rate of Korean speech and 89.93% for English.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.163-172
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• 2006

Sign is one of the important factors in city and national image formation, thus requires high level of quality. However, domestic sign emphasize only the sense of attention that leads to big sized signs, thus often results in a poor coordination with the surrounding space. This situation requires employees in sign business want to learn specialized knowledge about design field. Based on these circumstances, we propose sign design software to employees in sign business field as an aid tool that can help to develop good signs in terms of functionality as well as harmony of design. Thus, in this investigation, sign simulation software application case that can design sign and apply this sign to the actual application site is presented. In order to develop this software, literature survey and preliminary studies were performed to analyze the preparation process and environment, and designed sign design element and software elements, user interrace, and finally Java software were utilized. This developed software can be used as a textbook in sign design related departments in schools, and hopefully to enhance the social recognition of sign as well as academic interest.