• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2011

The non-edible plant Jatropha curcas L. is one of the most promising feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production as it is not a source of edible vegetable oils, produces high amounts of oil (approx. 30-60% in dry seeds) and does not require high-cost maintenance. However, as with other undomesticated crops, the cultivation of J. curcas presents several drawbacks, such as low productivity and susceptibility to pests. Hence, varietal improvement by genetic engineering is essential if J. curcas is to become a viable alternative source of biodiesel. There is to date no well-established and efficient transformation system for J. curcas. In this study, we tested various physical wounding treatments, such as sonication and sand-vortexing, with the aim of developing an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for J. curcas. The highest stable transformation rate (53%) was achieved when explants were subjected to 1 min of sonication followed by 9 min of shaking in Agrobacterium suspension. The transformation frequency achieved using this protocol is the highest yet reported for J. curcas.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

Jatropha curcas L. (Physic nut) is a commercially important non-edible oil seed crop known for its use as an alternate source of biodiesel. In order to investigate the morphogenic potential of immature embryo, explants from four developmental stages were cultured on medium supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins. It was found that the size of embryo is critical for the establishment of callus. Immature embryos (1.1-1.5 cm) obtained from the fruits 6 weeks after pollination showed a good response of morphogenic callus induction (85.7%) and subsequent plant regeneration (70%) with the maximum number of plantlets (4.7/explant) on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and BA (1.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$). The above medium when supplemented with growth adjuvants such as 100 $mg\;l^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate + 200 $mg\;l^{-1}$ L-glutamine + 8.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ $CuSO_4$ resulted in an even higher frequency of callus induction (100%). Plant regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of plantlets (10/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 500 $mg\;l^{-1}$ polyvinyl pyrrolidone + 30 $mg\;l^{-1}$ citric acid + 1 $mg\;l^{-1}$ BA + 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ Kn + 0.25 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA. It was observed that plantlet regeneration could occur either through organogenesis of morphogenic callus or via multiplication of pre-existing meristem in immature embryos. The age of immature embryos and addition of a combination of growth adjuvants to the culture medium appear to be critical for obtaining high regeneration rates. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-halfstrength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA and 342 $mg\;l^{-1}$ trehalose. The rooted plants after acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field in different agro-climatic zones in India. This protocol has been successfully evaluated on five elite lines of J. curcas.

• 청정기술
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2019

바이오매스의 급속열분해를 위하여 지난 수십 년간 다양한 형태의 반응기가 개발되었다. 급속열분해 공정의 반응기는 유동층 반응기가 많이 사용되어 왔으며, 최근에는 분사층 반응기를 이용한 바이오매스의 급속열분해 특성에 대한 연구가 다수의 연구자들에 의해 수행되고 있다. 분사층 반응기의 유동화 특성은 입자의 물리적 특성, 유체 제트의 속도, core와 annulus의 구조에 영향을 받으며, 반응기의 기하학적 구조는 분사층 내부의 core와 annulus 구조를 결정하는 주요 인자이다. 따라서 분사층 반응기의 최적설계를 위해서는 열분해 반응에 영향을 주는 인자에 대한 바이오매스의 급속열분해 특성에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 한다. 하지만 분사층 반응기의 기하학적 구조에 의한 바이오매스의 급속열분해 특성은 자세히 연구되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 분사층 반응기의 원뿔각과 반응 온도 변화에 따른 Jatropha curcas L. seed shell cake의 급속열분해 실험을 수행하여 분사층 반응기의 최적 형상과 반응 온도를 도출하였다. 실험결과, 열분해 오일의 에너지 수율은 반응 온도 $450^{\circ}C$, 분사층 반응기의 원뿔각 $44^{\circ}$에서 63.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 분사층 반응기 내 고체입자의 열전달과 기체상 열분해 생성물의 체류시간은 원뿔각의 영향을 받아 열분해 생성물의 수율 및 열분해 오일의 품질에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2008

Jatropha curcas L. is an oil bearing species with many uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel crop. Salt stress effect on growth, ion accumulation, contents of protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes activity was determined in callus and seedling to understand the salt tolerance of the species. Exposure of callus and seedling to salt stress reduced growth in a concentration dependent manner. Under salt stress Na content increased significantly in both callus and seedling whereas, differential accumulation in the contents of K, Ca, and Mg was observed in callus and seedling. Soluble protein content differed significantly in callus as compared to seedling, however proline accumulation remained more or less constant with treatments. The proline concentration was ~2 to 3 times more in callus than in seedling. Salt stress induced qualitative and quantitative differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7) in callus and seedling. Salt induced changes of the recorded parameters were discussed in relation to salinity tolerance.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

A simple, high-frequency and reproducible protocol for induction of adventitious shoot buds and plant regeneration from leaf-disc cultures of Jatropha curcas L. has been developed. Adventitious shoot buds were induced from very young leaf explants of in vitro germinated seedlings as well as mature field-grown plants cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) ($2.27{\mu}M$), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) ($2.22{\mu}M$) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) ($0.49{\mu}M$). The presence of TDZ in the induction medium has greater influence on the induction of adventitious shoot buds, whereas BA in the absence of TDZ promoted callus induction rather than shoot buds. Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated into shoots following transfer to the MS medium supplemented with BA ($4.44{\mu}M$), kinetin (Kn) ($2.33{\mu}M$), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ($1.43{\mu}M$), and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) ($0.72{\mu}M$). Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA ($0.5{\mu}M$) after 30 days. Regenerated plants after 2 months of acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field without visible morphological variation. This protocol might find use in mass production of true-to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolistic-mediated transformation.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.273-273
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• 2017

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2011

열대작물인 자트로파의 염과 가뭄 스트레스에 따른 생리적 반응과 유전자 발현의 연구를 통해 바이오에너지 작물로서의 기초적 자료를 얻고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. 1. $100{\cdot}200{\cdot}300$ mM NaCl의 염 스트레스와 $5{\cdot}10{\cdot}20{\cdot}30$% PEG의 가뭄 스트레스를 처리하여 잎의 생장, 기공의 전도도, 엽록소 형광, 전해질 유출량을 조사하였다. 자트로파의 잎의 생장, 기공의 전도도, 엽록소 형광, 전해질 유출량을 통한 생육조사 결과 가뭄 스트레스 보다 염 스트레스에서 더 많은 피해를 입었다. 2. 수분 수송과 관련된 아쿠아포린 중에서 JcPIP2가 뿌리, 줄기, 떡잎 그리고 잎에서 모두 고르게 발현하고 있음을 확인하였다. 잎의 JcPIP2는 대조구와 가뭄 스트레스 처리구에서 모두 발현하는 반면, 200 300 mM NaCl 처리구에서는 잎에서 발현하지 않았다. 3. 염과 가뭄 스트레스에서 JcPIP2가 상반되는 반응을 보이는 것은 JcPIP2가 염 스트레스 관련 주요 내재 단백질과 같은 기능을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 4. 자트로파는 염 스트레스보다 가뭄 스트레스에 더 내성을 보이므로 간척지보다는 가뭄지역에서 재배하는 것이 더 유리할 것으로 보인다.