• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the location characteristics in which 'large Jar coffin' (hereinafter referred to as 'Jar coffin') distributed in the Yeongsan river basin area in Jeonnam province by means of topographic analysis. 75 Jar coffins (74.3%) in 19 relics (90.5% of total) were found in hill and 26 Jar coffins (25.7%) of two consumption relics (9.5%) were found in floodplain. Among them, 34 (45.3% of total) and 41 (54.7% of total) Jar coffins were found in the Crest surface and Sideslope of hills, respectively. In particular, 26 (34.7%) Jar coffins are mostly located in the Crest flat. This result implies that people at that might be consider the river inundation, and mostly choose hill rather than floodplain when building the Jar coffin. therefore amongtherefore among micro-landform units of the hill, it seems that the 'Crest flat' was the preferred place for the building the Jar coffin at that time.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.229-245
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• 2010

The pupose of this study was to identify the material characteristics, firing environments and making techniques for the jar coffins from the Oryangdong kiln site and the Ungokdong tomb site in Naju. All jar coffins had very similar physical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, although it was excavated from the different sites. The wall thickness of the jar coffins was about 2.3 to 5.3 cm. Under the microscopy, the jar coffins include a large quantity of various quartz with some microcrystalline and showed partly orthoclase and biotite. It is presumed that the mineral sherds added to maintain the thick wall and to control the percentage of contraction during drying and firing of jar coffins and it has contained about 11.4 to 19.8 %. Firing temperature of the jar coffins is estimated as 1,000 to $1,150^{\circ}C$. Also, all jar coffins and soils show similar geochemical behavior of elements and clay-mineralization degree within the site. This indicates making that the soil is probable to be a raw material of the jar coffins. But it shows different characteristics in major elements of soils which is collected at the kiln floor and the trench region of the Oryangdong kiln site because of the lack of quartz and feldspar in the soils. Therefore, it can use of the jar coffins making clay, if it goes through a simple special process such as mixing temper.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to find out geomorphological characteristics of historical ruins where people produced and consumed large jar coffins excavated in the Yeongsan river basin using the map of old drainage network to restore distribution network. For this purpose, we chose the 21 consumption sites. The results are as follows. First of all, large jar coffins(relics, 47.6% of total) in the Yeongsan River basin were located in Sampo stream basin, almost all of them were located within the Yeongsan River main stream basin and Sampo stream basin. Also, distance from all consumption site to river was within about 2km. Therefore, it is thought that the all consumption sites are located at the place of the gift of nature that was very favorable to water transport of jar coffins. The results of this study may be used as basic data for research of cultural relics in the Yeongsan river basin.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.30
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• pp.103-124
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• 2009

Major and trace elements and cross section textures of the large-sized jar-coffins excavated in the Young San river area have been analyzed for categorization according to geochemical characteristics of the raw materials. As results, we have found out that the jar-coffins of the Oryang-dong and Ungok-dong have very similar characteristics, and those of Songwol-dong and Jangdeung show distinguishable characteristics from the others. In addition, similar characteristics have been detected in some U-shape jar-coffins from several sites such as Oryang-dong, Ungok-dong, Sinchon-ri, Mansu-ri and Yeon-ri posess on trace elements and cross section texture. These results indicate that there was active physical migration although the detail route of the physical migration is unclear at current stage.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2018

This study is aimed to investigate the provenance of raw materials and firing temperature of jar coffins excavated from the Oryang-dong kiln site and Jeonchon tomb site, Naju, Korea. Most of jar coffin samples shows same range of magnetic susceptibility and have gray color, while 404 and 405 of Jeongchon site are reddish yellow. In some samples fired at high temperature, the water absorption at the mouth rim and body part of same jar coffin were 3.50% and 7.56% respectively. It means that heat transfer and equilibrium in the kiln was not properly continued and the heat energy transferred to the mouth rim and the body part was different. In the petrographic analysis, As a tempering materials, biotite, weathered quartz and feldspar were added in the jar coffins of Oryang-dong site, and biotite, polycrystalline quartz and feldspar in it of Jeongchon site. Tempering materials were found more in the body than in the mouth rim of same jar coffin of Oryang-dong site. It seemed that some samples were fired at over 1,000 to $1,100^{\circ}C$, which showed vitrified texture in the scanning electron images and the rest of samples were fired at below $900^{\circ}C$. Due to similarity of chemical compositions, it is estimated that jar coffins of Jeongchon tomb were produced and supplied from Oryang-dong kiln site. However, the slight difference of some trace elements distribution of samples is attributed to the selection of clay depending on the location.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.26
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• pp.57-75
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• 2005

The burial custom in the Youngsan river area was to build a jar-coffin and lay the body in state, however the methods in building and moulding the massive jar, as well as in which kiln it was made has not been examined precisely. Thus, this research not only investigates previous results related to the manufacturing methods of massive jar-coffins, but also examines samples that were excavated and collected. The clay used to produce jar-coffin consists a large portion of unglazed qualities, which was split-moulded from the bottom up to the mouth area. The interior was finished by applying water, whereas the exterior was decorated by regularly pasting or stamping in parallel with a lattice design. It can be presumed that the finished jar-coffin was not moved, but the ceiling and walls were built around it as a kiln, for the jar-coffin to be oxidized or to reduce the flame condition in a temperature approximately $700~1,200^{\circ}C$The results from the research, however, show limitations to exploit the exact manufacturing method, therefore there is a need for in-depth examinations: mineralogical investigation on a large amount of jar-coffin samples through a polarized light microscope; substance analysis using various equipments; speculation on the temperature in the place of production and the flame inside.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.55-65
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• 2004

We have used the Naju Oryang-dong Kiln, the Jar coffin producing center from the 5th to early 6th century A.D. found for the first time in Korea in 2002 and conducted trace element analysis of Jar coffin objects excavated in Jar coffin the old tomb area formed mainly around Yeongsan valley, the consuming area of the same period as our main research objects. For this analysis, we have used both the NAA method, the non-parametric micro-minerals analysis. In order to compare and verify these remains, we have used the results from the analysis on the Jar coffin remains in the Mandong remains, Jeonbuk district. We have quantitatively analyzed 17 types of elements from the Jar coffin remains sample to allow for various and correct analysis. With their results, we could find out that the jar coffins made in Oryang-dong kiln teo are statistically identical to those in Daean-ri Old tomb/Shinchon-ri 9th old tomb, Okya-ri old tomb, and Banam-Old tomb. Also, we can conclude that there is a high possibility that ongwans produced from Oryang-dong kiln being used in Daean-ri Old tomb/Shinchon-ri 9th old tomb, Okya-ri old tomb, and Banam-Old tomb was distributed through some form of trade. On the other hand, we could obtain other analysis results that jar coffins excavated and investigated in the Mandong remains and Ithe npyong Old tomb were likely from other Jar coffin kilns through trade and distribution.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.843-855
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to find out geomorphological characteristics of historical ruins where people produced and consumed large jar coffins excavated in the Yeongsan river basin using Fluvio-Marine Plains from detailed soil map. For this purpose, we chose the 21 consumption sites. The results are as follows. 21 consumption sites located in the region of upper limit of tidal internal in Yongsan River and tributary rivers. Among these, 18 Consumption sites has high accessibility with Fluvio-marine plains. This means that Consumption remains of Yongsan River basin have been located to area available for distribution from production sites.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 2010

The 5th century kiln that produced pottery coffins was found for the first time in Korea, located in the Oryang-dong remains in the city of Naju. This kiln, located in the central area of the Yeongsan River, provides important data for research on mortuary practices in prehistoric society, including the structure of production and patterns of distribution and consumption. For this study, the remains of five ancient tombs and pottery coffins excavated from the 4th century Mandong archaeological site were chosen to determine the area of consumption of pottery coffins produced at the Oryang-dong kiln. The samples from each area of remains were analyzed for minor elements using neutron activation analysis method, and from these results, the identities of the corresponding production areas were investigated using the multi-variant statistical analysis of discriminant analysis. The evidence strongly suggests that pottery coffins produced at the Oryang-dong kiln in Naju were used in ancient tombs of the Bannam mound in Naju, the Okyari mound in Yeongam, and the Banam mound in Hampyeong, reaching those sites through trade and distribution. The findings also suggest that pottery coffins from the Mandong archeological site in Gochang and the Inpyeong mound in Muan were not produced at the Oryang-dong kiln in Naju, but rather were brought from pottery kilns in different production areas, through trade and distribution.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.19
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• pp.41-52
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• 2018

This paper describes the restoration and display of a large jar coffin at the Naju National Museum. Excavated from Tomb No. 3 at Bokam-ri, Naju, the large jar is 194 cm in height and its rim diameter is 108 cm. The jar had been broken into approximately forty fragments prior to its restoration, and a supporting structure was installed to ensure the safety of the relic during the restoration process. The restoration was conducted inside a visible storage for large jar coffins for approximately three weeks from February 5 to February 27, 2018. Over two weeks during this period, the restoration efforts inside the storage were visible to the public in the permanent exhibition space so that visitors could observe the process in person. This was planned to help visitors understand and arouse their interest in large-sized relics such as jar coffins and the restoration process. This study also investigates the practices of overseas institutions in order to suggest plans for raising public awareness of conservation treatment at conservation science centers.