• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

As the information society gradually advances, various opinions overflow and their complexity increases. As the results, it was made more difficult to derive important issues and properly respond to those problems. Accordingly, it is necessary to get a handle on emerging problems in education in addition to existing discourses and issues. This study aimed at examining the issues of education by analyzing the petitions posted under 'parenting and education' category on National Petition board. In order to offer objective and detailed results, we employed the topic modeling based LDA algorithm, which is an effective method to extract topics in multiple documents. Nine topics were derived as the result of the analysis and the relationship among those topics was visualized. The values of this study exist in that the derived topics represent important issues that reflect the public opinions.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 2022

Background: After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, biological alterations in the natural biota, including morphological changes of fir trees in forests surrounding the power plant, have been reported. Focusing on the terminal buds involved in the morphological formation of fir trees, this study developed a method for estimating the absorbed radiation dose rate using radionuclide distribution measurements from tree organs. Materials and Methods: A phantom composed of three-dimensional (3D) tree organs was constructed for the three upper whorls of the fir tree. A terminal bud was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations for the absorbed dose rate of radionuclides in the tree organs of the whorls. Evaluation of the absorbed dose targeted ¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs, and ¹³⁷Cs, the main radionuclides subsequent to the FDNPP accident. The dose contribution from each tree organ was calculated separately using dose coefficients (DC), which express the ratio between the average activity concentration of a radionuclide in each tree organ and the dose rate at the terminal bud. Results and Discussion: The dose estimation indicated that the radionuclides in the terminal bud and bud scale contributed to the absorbed dose rate mainly by beta rays, whereas those in 1-year-old trunk/branches and leaves were contributed by gamma rays. However, the dose contribution from radionuclides in the lower trunk/branches and leaves was negligible. Conclusion: The fir tree model provides organ-specific DC values, which are satisfactory for the practical calculation of the absorbed dose rate of radiation from inside the tree. These calculations are based on the measurement of radionuclide concentrations in tree organs on the 1-year-old leader shoots of fir trees. With the addition of direct gamma ray measurements of the absorbed dose rate from the tree environment, the total absorbed dose rate was estimated in the terminal bud of fir trees in contaminated forests.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2022

In the present study, we investigated the effects of recombinant eel gonadotropins (rec-GTHs) on maturation induction in immature ovarian culture in vitro and sex steroid hormones in vivo in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. To study the in vitro effects of rec-GTHs on estradiol-17β (E2) production in immature ovarian tissues, ovarian tissues were incubated with different doses of rec-follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) or rec-luteinizing hormone (rec-LH). The results revealed that the E2 levels in the rec-FSH (0.1, 0.5, or 1 ㎍/mL)- and rec-LH (0.1 or 0.5 ㎍/mL)-treated groups were significantly higher than those in the female eels from the control group. Furthermore, to investigate the in vivo effects of rec-GTHs on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma sex steroid hormone levels, the eels were injected intraperitoneally with eel's ringer (control), salmon pituitary extract (SPE; for female eels), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; for male eels), rec-FSH, rec-LH, and rec-FSH + rec-LH once a week. The results revealed that except for the SPE and the hCG groups, none of the groups exhibited a significant difference in GSI values. However, in vivo plasma E2 levels increased at the end of 4 weeks after rec-FSH treatment in female eels. Based on these results, it is suggested that rec-GTHs may have a positive effect on sexual maturation in female eels; however, further studies on complementary rec-protein production systems and additional glycosylation of rec-hormones are needed to elucidate hormone bioactivity in vivo and in vitro.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2009

The decrease in the farming rates of agricultural produce importing countries has led to concerns over stable food supply and food safety and this situation demands a change in awareness on agricultural problems arising from the depletion of natural resources and environmental destruction. To preserve agriculture, importing countries are emphasizing the various roles of agriculture in order to revive its multi-functional aspects. It is obvious that differentiated strategies are needed to create values from agricultural production, and a liberal arts education can play an important role in making these strategies. However, training programs for future agricultural CEOs of the Korea National Agricultural College(KNAC) attaches too much importance on production skill and management rather than focusing on a liberal arts education. On the other hand, Poolmoo Ecological Agriculture Course carried out by Poolmoo Agriculture Technical High School located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province (which puts a high value on ecological fanning) gives more weight on a liberal arts education, taking up more than 50% of the curriculum. Also, the National Farmers Academy in Japan which reformed its whole system in 2008, has started various liberal arts educational programs. The Academy fosters creative agricultural management, attractive rural development enhancing a comfortable rural life and educates on the future of Japanese food and international environment. It is expected that the ecological and cultural roles of farming will grow in the future. So, what the KNAC needs is to increase its liberal arts educational programs and various cultural experiences in its educational curriculum to promote agricultural marketing with cultural knowledge and sensitivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

Survey on the food intake status and health condition of the elerly over 65 years old living in Damyang Jeonnam was performed and meal menus for the pavillion were developed using local products. Allowance of the elderly less than 100,000 won was 45%. The local products of the area recognized by the elderly were bamboo shoot (30%) > bamboo (22.5%) > bamboo basket (12.5%) > do not know (15%) > green tea (10%) > rice(7.5%) > vegetable. In dental health, 52.5% of them had bad condition but 62.5% did not use denture at all. The most favorate foods were Korean (92.5%) and Chinese and Japanese were favored by 5%, and 2.5%, respectively. In percentage of eat-out and use of instant foods, 42.5% of them answered that eating-out chances were very rare and 62.5% answered that they do not use instant foods at all. Potassium intakes for the male and female elderly were significantly very low with values of 2579.2 mg and 2601 mg, respectively (p < 0.05). Calorie intakes for men were 1678.5 kcal, which was only 84% of RI and 1470.8 kcal for women (92%). Shortages of nutrition including calcium intake and others were very serious and the meal was not nutritionally balanced based upon the study of GMDFO. The menu for the elderly in busy farming season of the area were developed with the use of local products and the information from the study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

This study aimed at learning the values and meanings of the letters carved on the rocks all over Mt. Sangdu located at the boundary between Kimje-si and Jeongeup-si of Jeollabuk-do by grasping the current state of them, investigating the patterns and contents of them, and understanding the spatial and landscape properties of the region where the rocks are scattered. The results of this study are as follows; The name of Mt. Sangdu came from the mountain with the same name located in India where Buddha were seeking the truth, and means auspicious. With the recognition of ancient maps and books, various propitious spots also made the landscape symbols of Mt. Sangdu solidify. Whoam, Chaangsuk-Kim, Weolgye Young-Cho Song and the members of Cheonggye Society like Dongcho Seok-Gon Kim led the creation of the rocks, and the 41 letter-carved rocks all over four water systems were found out and all of them were carved with Chinese characters. The letters were usually carved on flat and broad rocks, and they mainly had the shape of a small waterfall and a wide waterfall of under 1 meter height. 25(60.9%) of the carved letters were about moral training, and it seemed that they wanted to protect their pride under the shackle of the Japanese colonization over Korea. The styles of handwriting are Hangseo and Jeonseo except for names, and show various and complex styles. The mix composition of the carved letters of 'Yusubulbu(流水不腐)' of Choseo and the rocks of Takjok(濯足) is extraordinary, and the letters carved as the shape of Nakkwan(落款) have artistic value and degree of finishing. It seemed that intellectuals during the Japanese colonization over Korea in the 1930s considered Mt. Sangduasa highly valuable region because they expressed their hope and wish for the new world on the rocks. The letters on the rocks of Mt. Sangdu are invaluable cultural landscaping elements for the improvement of landscaping symbolism of Mt. Sangdu because of colliding values and spirits of the time of 'the anguish and pain of intellectuals' and 'the status of living joyfully outside of the mundane world.'

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1981

In order to elucidate the process of plant succession of the Japanese red pine forests caused by pine gall midge, Thecodoplosis japonensis, in the area of Chungbuk and Kyongbuk, 12 study plots, 4 plots from each three districts, were set up. Districts A (Cheongwon)not attacked by this insect, as the check, District B(Gumi) in which the insect outbreak occured 5 years ago, and District C(Yeongdong)in which the insect outbreak occured 10 years ago, were sampled. The surveyed were some environmental factors, the number of woody plants, relative density, relative dominance values, species composition of plots by layer(upper, middle and ground), importance values, species diversity, similarity and dissimilarity index, etc. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The accumulation of litter on the ground was increased with the lengthening the insect damage duration. Through the crown opening and litter accumulation, the light intensity, temperature condition and soil moisture and nutrient content might be altered. According to the changes of species composition were forced. In general, the Genus Quercus, as a compensation species, has sprung up. The relative importance values for Q.aliena, Q.serrata, and Q.variabilis were significantly increased in the insect infested forests. 2. the stand structure and species composition of the insect attacked forest about 5 years later after the outbreak become complex and diverse. However, since this time, the simplicity of these regards become restored up to 10 years after the outbreak. 3. As the synthetic analysis of plant succession process, the relative values calculated from the relative density and the relative dominance values shown the dominant status of Genus Quercus in the heavily damaged forests. In addition, Genus Rhododendron and Genus Lespedeza with higher frequency become the ground vegetation components. They were gradually increased along the time elapsing after the insect out-break. 4. The differences in connection with the soil moisture contents, the organic matter contents which might give some influences to the vegetation change were hardly recognizable statistically among the studied plots by three district groups. We estimated that the annual mean precipitation and the annual mean temperature did not operated any meaningful effects on the vegetation alteration among plots between districts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1701-1711
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• 2012

Okinawan Awamori is produced by fermenting steamed indica rice with black mold, yeast, and water. Awamori-pressed lees is a by-product of the Awamori production process. Tofu lees is a by-product of the Tofu production process. This research consisted of two experiments conducted to elucidate whether or not dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a mixed feed ingredient for raising female goats. In experiment 1, digestion trials were conducted to ascertain the nutritive values of dried Awamori-pressed lees and dried Tofu lees for goats. The digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees were 22.5%, 22.5% (DCP), and 87.2%, 94.4% (TDN) respectively. In experiment 2, 18 female goats (Japanese Saanen${\times}$Nubian, three months old, body weight $15.4{\pm}0.53$ kg) were divided into three groups of six animals (control feed group (CFG), Awamori-pressed lees mixed feed group (AMFG), Tofu lees mixed feed group (TMFG)). The CFG control used feed containing 20% soybean meal as the main protein source, while the AMFG and TMFG treatments used feed mixed with 20% dried Awamori-pressed lees or dried Tofu lees. The groups were fed mixed feed (volume to provide 100 g/d increase in body weight) twice a day (10:00, 16:00). The klein grass hay and water was given ad libitum. The hay intake was measured at 08:00 and 16:00. Body weight and size measurements were taken once a month. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was drawn from the jugular vein of each animal. The DCP and TDN intakes in AMFG and TMFG showed no significant difference to the CFG. Cumulative measurements of growth in body weight, withers height, chest depth, chest girth, and hip width over the 10 mo period in the AMFG and TMFG were similar to the CFG. By contrast, cumulative growth in body length and hip height in the AMFG and TMFG tended to be larger than the CFG. Cumulative growth in chest width in the AMFG was significantly larger (p<0.05) than the CFG. Blood parameter values were similar to those in normal goats reported by other scientists. The coats of the AMFG and TMFG animals looked shinier than the animals in the CFG. The results demonstrate that dried Awamori-pressed lees and Tofu lees can be used as a feed ingredient for the raising female goats.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimum hydroponic system and nutrient solution for shortening the early growth period and quality improvement of dendrobium ( Dendrobium Phalaenopsis) seedlings. Dendrobium seedlings with 3 to 4 leaves were transplanted in the deep flow technique(DFT) system, aeroponic system, and ebb and flow system with different concentration of balanced nutrient solutions recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Growth characteristics of shoot and root were recorded and evaulated among treatments. For autumn cultivation, plant height was the longest at the DFT system with quarter concentration of nutrient solution, where aeroponic system with half concentration of nutrient solution. Aeroponic system stimulated the root growth but fresh weight was observed in the plots of DFT system. For spring cultivation, pH values increased up 7.5 at the DFT and aeroponic system, where EC values did not fluctuate regardless of cultural system. Ebb and flow system showed the best result in the growth of plant followed by BFT system and aeroponic system. Higher concentration of nutrient solution within this range of treatment was recommended for the growth promotion of leaf length and width in DFT system. In conclusion, growth responses differed depending on the cultural system, concentrations of nutrient solutions and duration of cltivation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2012

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes is often initially managed by increasing exercise and dietary modification. As the condition progresses, medications may be needed such as oral sulfonylurea or others. Recently, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP- 4) Inhibitor is new drug which can control blood glucose by increasing the active levels of incretin hormone in the body. However, researches have been carried out for mostly Caucasian and Japanese, not for Koreans at all. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitor (Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin) in patients with T2DM in Koreans. This study was carried out retrospectively with reviewing of medical records from the 141 patients who received sitagliptin or vildagliptin over 24 week periods from January 2009, to December 2009. Information including demographics, concomitant medication, disease duration, and exercise was evaluated. $HbA_{1c}$, random blood glucose, post prandial 2 hour glucose, blood pressure, AST, ALT, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels were also collected at baseline and endpoint (at 24 weeks). In each post-treatment group, $HbA_{1c}$, random blood glucose and post prandial 2 hour glucose levels were decreased significantly from baseline in the sitagliptin group (-0.82%, -28.76 mg/dl, -46.65 mg/dl) and vildagliptin group(-1.22%, -27.96 mg/dl, -67.2 mg/dl). Greater $HbA_{1c}$ mean reductions from baseline to 24 weeks were seen in patients with higher baseline values (>7.0%), with shorter disease durations (${\leq}1$ year) compared with those with lower baseline values (<7.0%), with longer disease durations (>1 year) in both sitagliptin and vildagliptin groups. The incidences of hypoglycemia, headache and upper respiratory infection were 0%, 8.7%, 5.8% in sitagliptin group and 2.8%, 8.3%, 6.9% in vildagliptin group. In conclusion, our results showed DPP-4 inhibitor provided similar efficacy compared with sulfonylurea after 24 weeks of treatment and were safer than sulfonylurea in hypoglycemia for Korean T2DM. Also vildagliptin was associated with significant improvement in $HbA_{1c}$ reduction in Korean patient with subgroup (body mass index<25 $kg/m^2$, metformin dose${\geq}$1000 mg, p<0.05) compared to sitagliptin. Therefore, even though DPP-4 inhibitor use for Korean needs to be studied more consistently in the future, DPP-4 inhibitor is a safe and effective drug for Korean T2DM based on our result.