Ecological Changes of Insect-damaged Pinus densiflora Stands in the Southern Temperature Forest Zone of Korea (II)

솔잎혹파리 피해적송림(被害赤松林)의 생태학적(生態學的) 연구(硏究) (II)

In order to elucidate the process of plant succession of the Japanese red pine forests caused by pine gall midge, Thecodoplosis japonensis, in the area of Chungbuk and Kyongbuk, 12 study plots, 4 plots from each three districts, were set up. Districts A (Cheongwon)not attacked by this insect, as the check, District B(Gumi) in which the insect outbreak occured 5 years ago, and District C(Yeongdong)in which the insect outbreak occured 10 years ago, were sampled. The surveyed were some environmental factors, the number of woody plants, relative density, relative dominance values, species composition of plots by layer(upper, middle and ground), importance values, species diversity, similarity and dissimilarity index, etc. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The accumulation of litter on the ground was increased with the lengthening the insect damage duration. Through the crown opening and litter accumulation, the light intensity, temperature condition and soil moisture and nutrient content might be altered. According to the changes of species composition were forced. In general, the Genus Quercus, as a compensation species, has sprung up. The relative importance values for Q.aliena, Q.serrata, and Q.variabilis were significantly increased in the insect infested forests. 2. the stand structure and species composition of the insect attacked forest about 5 years later after the outbreak become complex and diverse. However, since this time, the simplicity of these regards become restored up to 10 years after the outbreak. 3. As the synthetic analysis of plant succession process, the relative values calculated from the relative density and the relative dominance values shown the dominant status of Genus Quercus in the heavily damaged forests. In addition, Genus Rhododendron and Genus Lespedeza with higher frequency become the ground vegetation components. They were gradually increased along the time elapsing after the insect out-break. 4. The differences in connection with the soil moisture contents, the organic matter contents which might give some influences to the vegetation change were hardly recognizable statistically among the studied plots by three district groups. We estimated that the annual mean precipitation and the annual mean temperature did not operated any meaningful effects on the vegetation alteration among plots between districts.

충북(忠北) 경북지방(慶北地方) 적송림(赤松林)의 천이과정(遷移過程)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 솔잎흑파리의 발생시기(發生時期)의 신구(新舊)에 따라 무피해지(無被害地)(대조구(對照區))로서 청원(淸原)(A), 피해중간지(被害中間地)(5년전(年前)에 피해발생(被害發生))로서 구미(亀尾)(B), 피해극심지(被害極甚地)(10년전(年前)에 피해발생(被害發生))로서 영동(永同)(C) 지역(地域)을 설정(設定)하고 각조사지역별(各調査地域別) 환경요인(環境要因)과 식생상태(植生狀態)를 조사(調査)하여 환경요인(環境要因)과 식생상태(植生狀態)와의 관계(關係), 삼림군집구조(森林群集構造)의 비교(比較), 식물상(植物相)의 변화등(變化等)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 솔잎혹파리의 피해(被害)에 의하여 초기(初期)에 소나무의 낙엽량(落葉量)이 증가(増加)하고, 광조건(光條件), 토괴조건(土壞條件) 등(等)의 환경요인(還境要因)의 변화(變化)에 따라 식생구성(植生構成)에 변화(變化)가 생겨, 대상수종(代償樹種)으로 참나무류(類)가 발달(發達)했다. 본조사지역내(本調査地域內)에서는 참나무류중(類中) 갈참나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무, 굴참나무 및 신갈나무의 상대우점치(相對優占値)의 증가(増加)가 유의적(有意的)이었다. 2. 솔잎혹파리의 피해(被害)가 심(甚)해질수록 조사지역별(調査地域別), 조사구별(調査區別)의 종구성상태(種構成狀態)가 점차 다양(多樣)해지나, 그 후(後) 피해(被害)가 지속(持續)되어 식생상태(植生狀態)가 재구성(再構成)됨에 따라 종구성상태(種構成狀態)는 다시 단순화(單純化)되는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 상대밀도(相對密度) 및 상대우점치(相對優占値)의 상대치(相對値)에 의한 식생천이(植生遷移)를 종합분석(綜合分析)한 결과(結果) 소나무가 우점종(優占種)을 이루는 본조사지역내(本調査地域內)에서는 솔잎혹파리의 피해(被害)가 지속(持續)됨에 따라 참나무류(類)가 우점종(優占種)으로 나타나며 진달래류(類), 싸리류등(類等)이 하층식생(下層植生)을 구성(構成)하는 삼림군집(森林群集)으로 변화(變化)되는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 식생(植生)에 미친 토심(土深), 토괴함수량(土壞含水量), 유기물함량(有機物含量), 그리고 유기물층(有機物層)의 두께는 본조사대상지(本調査對象地)의 범위내에 있어서는 거의 같은 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 연평균강수량(年平均降水量)과 온도(溫度)도 조사대상지간(調査對象地間)에 있어서 유사(類似)하였다고 본다.