• 약학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

Bojungikgi-tang has been widely used for enhancement of physical fitness in Korea. The convenient, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for simultaneous determination of four marker compounds, liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin in Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang in Chinese, Hochuekkito in Japanese), a traditional Korean herbal prescription. The column for optimizing HPLC separation was used a Gemini $C_{18}$ column at column oven temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ with 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid (A) and 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid in acetonitirle (B) by gradient flow. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 254 nm, 280 nm, and 335 nm. Calibration curves of four components were acquired with $r^2$ values ${\geq}0.9999$. The recoveries were found to range 92.11~105.68% with relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) value less than 2.50%. The RSD values of intraand inter-day precision were 0.07~2.50% and 0.16~1.99%, respectively. The contents of liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin and glycyrrhizin in Bojungikgi-tang were 3.85~3.92 mg/g, 2.27~2.32 mg/g, 4.14~4.19 mg/g, and 3.39~3.45 mg/g, respectively. The established simultaneous analysis method will be effective for quality control of Bojungikgi-tang.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.142-157
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• 2020

Cannabis is a historical plant which has been used as a medicine in East Asia. These days, there are active debates about using cannabis in clinical field. Collecting and comparing cannabis research articles which had been published in the Opening of Japan to spot the interactions between the traditional medicine of Japan, Rangaku which was established in Edo Period and the European medicine which is transferred after Perry Expedition is academically meaningful. This study searched publications, which were listed on Open-Access databases by Dec. 11^th, 2019. We collected research articles which had been published from January 3^rd, 1867 to July 30^th, 1912 also known as Meiji era and uploaded on OpenAccess databases. Our searching databases were J-stage, CiNii (Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator), Tokyo Metropolitan Library, The National Diet Library, IRDB (Institutional Repositories DataBase) and KAKEN (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Database). Searching keywords were cannabis, hemp and all their Japanese synonyms and available combinations. We selected final 15 studies which met every selection criteria in the 346,393 collected studies. Cannabis was prescribed in Meiji era of Japan to alleviate pain and cure the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and nervous system diseases such as indigestion, asthma, tuberculosis, gonorrhea and its complications, insomnia, and nervous prostration. Cannabis was medically used in Meiji era of Japan and the reporting and sharing of its clinical effect was published on the medical journals like present days. There were already Cannabis regulations in that era, but its medicinal use was more liberated than nowadays. It may be a chance to reconsider the current legal system, which strictly controls the use of Cannabis.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.3
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• 2012

Kampo medicine, a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, has been used in clinical practice in Japan. The most appropriate Kampo formula should be chosen for each individual by the four diagnostic procedures. Fuku shin, the abdominal exam, is one of the most important approaches in the procedures. There are several abdominal conformations (signs) when administering Fuku shin. In Kampo medicine, psychiatric illness-marked by depression and anxiety-has been shown to be related with an abdominal conformation, Shin ka hi koh (Epigastric Obstructive Hardness). The aim was to see the occurrence of abdominal conformations in each level of depression and anxiety symptoms. Two hundred fifteen patients were assigned to high-, moderate-, or low-level psychiatric comorbidity based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and were studied regarding the occurrence of major abdominal conformations. Moderate and high psychopathological groups showed the higher occurrence of Shin ka hi koh [Low, 21%; Moderate, 67%; High, 74%] ($p$ < 0.0001). In conclusion, moderate and high psychopathological patients showed the higher occurrence of a specific abdominal sign.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

This paper analyzes the relationship of international exchange of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) at the time of Myung and Chung Dynasty, which is one of the most famous regional traditional medicine. The internal reason for the active exchange of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) throughout the ocean was that its major theories were mostly based on Confucianism, which was also the major current in Korea and Japan at the time. This leaded to active interchange between Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) of China and Japan and Korea. Secondly, the proliferation of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) was achieved with great help from developing printing operations at the time. Also, the active operation of practitioners of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) such as the attempt to advance to foreign countries along with the 徽州商人 offered an opportunity to introduce Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學). The international traits of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) can be easily proved by numerous quotes of its classics in many significant classics of Korea and Japan. The influence of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) to Korea started from the Chosun Dynasty; the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑" of Huh Jun and "麻科會通" of 丁若鏞 are the few examples of classics of Korea with quotes of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學). The influence of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) on Japanese medicine can be found much before, since Nanbeichao Dynasty. However, the time when many books were imported was during Myung and Chung Dynasty. Also, some of the classics of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) mentioned in "醫籍考" remain only in Japan and not in China; this shows the active exchange between the two countries.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2013

King Sunjong was the 27th King and the last King in the Joseon Dynasty. He lived an unhappy life as the prince and the King of perishing country. At the age of 22, He witness the death of his mother Queen Myeongseong by Japanese assassin. He has a weak constitution and have many diseases. He get varicella(水痘) in infancy, and suffered from smallpox(紅疫) at 6, and catched the measles(天然痘) at 12. At the age of 25, Having drunk the coffee that contained opium(阿片), he had bloody excrement(血便) and lose the 18 teeth. The Symptoms that appeared frequently at adult age are indigestion(滯症), diarrhea(泄瀉), trophedema(足部浮腫), odontopathy(齒科疾患) etc. This indigestion(滯症) and diarrhea(泄瀉) are occurred by gastroenteropathy(胃腸病). This odontopathy(齒科疾患) is the aftereffect from having 18 false teeth. We assume that this trophedema(足部浮腫) is occurred by cardiac disease(心臟病) and renal disease(腎臟病). The chronic diseases of King Sunjong are gastroenteropathy(胃腸病), renal disease(腎臟病), cardiac disease(心臟病), rheumatism. We assume that the immediate cause of his death is the aggravation of the renal disease(腎臟病) and cardiac disease(心臟病). The medical treatments for him are hardly included in "Formal Records of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)" which is the prime governmental document. Many royal doctors in court used the traditional Korean medicine, but western doctors from Japan often treated him by medical techniques such as injection(注射), consperg(散藥), liquid medicine(水藥).

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제4권1호통권4호
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• pp.27-45
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• 1998

$\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui醫方類聚$\lrcorner$ (1445) is regarded as a treasure-house of the knowledge of traditional oriental medicine which contains over 50,000 prescriptions and enormerous amount of medical information. Despite the importance and information contained in this book, it has been rarely used since it was not convenient to use this book. In this study, therefore, the establishment of database on $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ was carried out. Before the database establishment of $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ , basic works such as correction, interpretation, proofreading and translation of original text should be done. The results obtained in this study are summaried as follows : 1) During the course of studying the original text of $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ , the editing process and transmission of medical books in early Chosun dynasty was figured out. 2) For better correction, interpretation, proofreading and translation of $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ , $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ microfilms which are the collection of Japanese Royal Library (宮內廳 圖書寮) were obtained in this study. Through this process, the errors in the republication were able to be corrected. 3) Analyzing the organization and compilatory method of $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ is one of the basic requirements of understanding the scale of the whole. book and establishing database as a result. So the analysis results were used for the basic structuring of database. 4) $\ulcorner$Euibangyoochui$\lrcorner$ CD- ROM was designed in a way that the images of microfilms, original text and Korean translation can be compared by 3-D device. In addition, the convenience and proficiency of imaging the information and prescriptions of the text is one of the remarkable features of this CD-ROM.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2023

Objectives: Psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy are very common, and the most common symptoms are depression, insomnia, and anxiety. These symptoms not only lower the quality of life of epilepsy patients, but also elevate the risk of epileptic seizures. There are no specific criteria for the available antiepileptic drugs to ameliorate these symptoms in patients with epilepsy, and there is a lack of evidence to support the efficacy and safety of existing drugs. The Shugan Jieyu capsule (SJC) is a traditional herbal medicine composed of Acanthopanax senticosus and Hypericum perforatum and is reported to be effective in relieving psychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of SJC as a treatment for psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy patients. Methods: Electronic databases will be investigated for publications in English, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese. The participants of the study are epilepsy patients with psychiatric symptoms diagnosed using any validated criteria. All types of controls will be compared-placebo, conventional treatments, and no treatment-to groups treated with SJC or modified SJC. We will measure the degree of improvement in psychiatric symptoms and check epileptic symptoms, such as the frequency of seizures. The study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers, who will also assess methodological quality using the risk-of-bias tool by Cochrane. We will use Review Manager software (RevMan) to carry out all statistical analyses. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed in accordance with the PRISMA-P statement. Conclusion: This systematic review is the first study to assess the efficacy and safety of SJC for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy. We expect that this study will provide clinically applicable evidence for patients with epilepsy when selecting drug treatments.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.613-630
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• 2009

This thesis, which involves honest life stories of members of the ìtraditionalî Korean generation that lived through the turbulent times of the first half of the twentieth century, assesses the meaning and import of Korean cuisine during an individual Korean's lifetime, as well as the relevant properties of the culinary culture of the traditional generation and how those properties continue to influence the present generation of Koreans. Thus, traditional Korean culinary culture was subdivided into the following four aspects, each of which were exemplified by representative examples. The first of these is slow-food dietary life, which is exemplified by fermented foods. The development of side dishes (panchan) based on fermentation - kimchi, different types of soy and bean paste, salted seafoods, dishes of dried radish or cucumber slices seasoned with soy sauce, and so on - made the quantitative and qualitative supplementation of food possible for traditional Koreans. The second of these aspects, referred to as friendly dietary life, is exemplified by self-sufficiently produced foods. The system of many species and small production suitable with the season made it possible to produce food from sustainable ecological systems and to maintain locally grown food-cultures, each of which was distinguished from others by a local specialty product. The third aspect of the traditional Korean culinary culture involves the same use of medicinal roots and plant materials for foodstuff, and this is exemplified by the use of foods to cure and prevent diseases. The notion, for example, that 'boiled rice is an invigorant' is characteristic of the notion that diet can function in a preventative medical context, and other similar Korean notions illustrate the importance, also, of the curative properties of food. The fourth and final aspect of traditional Korean culinary culture identified herein is creative dietary life, which can be viewed essentially as a Korean adaptation to the turbulence of life during the early $20^{th}$ century in Korea. This trend is exemplified by many Korean foods that were created in response to foreign influences, such as onions, cabbages, curry, etc. which found their place in overall Korean culture through the age of Japanese settlement, as well as the Korean war.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.56-68
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• 2003

The objects of this study are to find out (1) real situation of the food supply in prison under Imperial Government of Japan more cleary (historical meaning) and (2) which might help in understanding wrong present food consumption patterns in Korea which causes environmental as well as health problems. It is generally known that the length of the Japanese occupation for Korea is 36 years. However, it is concluded in this study that it was longer (70 years ; from 1875 to 1945 from when Japanese Army attacked and occupied Yungjongdo and Kanghwado island to e time when they were defeated on World War II.) Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910 then the Imperial Government of Japan dismissed the Korea Army, controlled the Office of Justice and the management of prison by force. Since then about 50% of all land was fell into Japanese Government ownership and 80% of Korean farmers became as tenant. After this change, Korea farmers were forced to pay extremely high rent (up to 80% of its harvest). Forced immigration, low price procurement of grain by Japanese government up to more than 30%of their production, was practiced. Accordingly, the food situation of Korean farmers became miserable, which may caused more violations of Imperial Japanese Law. Malnutrition, epidemic diseases, mortality rate of infants soared and average life expectancy shortened to 20-30 years old. This was the period of World Economic Crises and Food Crises in Japan. It was said then that if one Japanese comes to Korea then 200 Koreans will starved to death. Meanwhile, Proconsul Bureau of Chosun requested to the Department of Medicine, the Imperial University of Kyungsung to survey food supply situation of Koreans in prison throughout Korea. Objectives of the survey then was not only to find out scientifically whether it is agreeable in maintaining prisoner's health and also find out the possibility to save food during food crisis. Survey was started from 1923 and ended in 1945, and it focussed on prisoners in the Seodaemoon Prison. This report is the outcome of the first survey. They concluded that the food supplied was nutritionally (had) no problem, in compare with those of workers in the factory, students in the dormitory in Japan and with those of prisoners in Taiwan, France and Germany. Amount of grain supplied were different according to their work lord and was divided into 9 different levels. Total grain was consisted of 50% millet, 30% soybean and 20% indica rice(variety). However, there were no difference in the amount of supply of side dishes between work groups. For the highest working group, 3280g of boiled grain per day was supplied to make stomach full but as a side dishes, salty fermented bean paste, fermented fish and salty soups, etc. was supplied. Deficiency of animal protein were observed, however, high intake of soybean may possibly caused animal protein deficiency problem. On the contrary, the intake of water soluble vitamins were insufficient but the level of calcium and iron intake seems to be sufficient, however, imbalance of intake of nutrition may caused low absorbtion rate which might caused malnutrition. High intake of dietary fiber and low intake of cholesterol may possibly prohibited them from so called modem disease but may caused the defect in disease resistancy againist epidemics and other traditional disease. Over intake of salt(20-30g per day) was observed. Surveyors who attended in this survey, mentioned that the amount of food intake may nutritionally be sufficient enough but the quality of food(and possibly, the taste of food) were like that of animal feed. For the officials who received this report might consider that considering the war situation and food crisis, the supply situation of food in the prison may considered to be good enough(because they are not starving). But as a Korean who studied this report, one feel extremely pity about those situation because (situation of) those period were very harsh under the Imperial Law and keeping the Law by Koreans were almost impossible, therefore, about one third adult violated the Law and were put into jail. And they were treated like animals.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1993

The medicinal plants used traditional medicines are classified into two groups. The first group is formulary medicine which have been recorded on authorized books, for example, kampo drug in Japan. The second group is the fork medicines. These medicinal plants production is 165 billion yen(about 1.5 billion dollar) and which rate to to total pharmaceutical production is about 3% in 1990. The number of important medicinal plants treated in the market is 124 herbs from the total 364 herbs for kampo durgs(210 preparations kampo durgs) and other propritetary drugs (agents for common cold, laxatives, gastrointestional and so on). The production of the Ginseng and Bupleurum Root are increased about ten times in last twelve years(1976 or 1988). The 80% of these medicinal plants are imported from China, Korea and Southern Asian countries. Then the Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau of Ministry of Health and Welfare published "The Guideline of Medicinal Plant for Cultivation" for a quality control and a stabilization supply of 80 herbs. The first part(1992) of the guideline reported 5 herbs; Coptis Rhizome, Rehmannia Root, Bupleur, Root, Japanese Angelica Root and Rhubarb, The next part will be published following 5herbs; Cnidium Rhizome, Safflower, Coix seed and Fruiet, Platicodon Root and Zedoary.